icc97's questions

我在具有 HiDPI (UHD) 屏幕 (3480 x 2160) 的戴尔 XPS 13 (2018) 上使用 Ubuntu 18.04，然后通过 USB-C DisplayPort 电缆连接到 UHD 戴尔 34" 显示器 (3440 x 1440) .

这里的所有屏幕截图都使用Wayland - 我也尝试过使用 X，但切换到 Wayland，因为它支持显示器和内置显示器上的单独缩放。

但是，在很多应用程序上缩放是关闭的。

从屏幕显示应用程序中，“内置显示器”缩放到 200%（这是 Ubuntu 设置的默认值），并且在我未连接到显示器时适用于默认值。然后 Dell Inc. 34" 屏幕设置的比例为 100%。

有了这些缩放因子，我的终端会话窗口看起来是正确的，所以我以此为基础。

但是，有很多东西似乎与我最常见的应用程序不匹配：

• 火狐
• 铬
• KeypassXC（这有一个 QT 应用程序 UI）
• 瘸子

这些是我遇到的问题：

1. FF、Chrome 和 Keypass 的标题栏在显示器上的缩放保持基于内置显示（当其他应用程序缩放到 100% 时缩放到 200%）
2. 窗口内文本的缩放比例仍然很大
3. 将内置和监视器都调整为 100% 仍会使应用程序的标题栏高度缩放为 200%，但其中的文本缩放为 100%，应用程序中的文本仍缩放为 200%。

让屏幕和显示器正确匹配的唯一方法是将两者都设置为 200%，但显示器上的一切看起来都很大。

截图1（内置200%，显示器100%）

（当前）最好的，但浏览器应用程序太大了。

截图2（内置300%，显示器100%）

这显示标题文本基于屏幕缩放而不是监视器缩放

截图3（内置100%，显示器100%）

显示器上的应用程序看起来仍然不正确，现在 Gnome 应用程序在内置显示器上看起来很小。

尝试通过 https 连接到 github.com、google.com、dropbox.com 时出现以下错误，但 stackoverflow.com、askubuntu.com 和大多数 https 网站都可以正常工作。

相关细节：

• 我在工作代理后面，但是在使用 Fedora 28 时我可以正常连接，只是在 Ubuntu 16.04 上我遇到了问题。办公室里没有其他人有这个问题，但他们大多使用 Mac。
• 这是在我自己的桌面上，而不是在服务器/VM/Docker 等上。
• 我可以通过我的移动热点或其他 WiFi 网络连接到这些网站
• 编辑：我在另一台装有 Ubuntu 16.04 的 Thinkpad 笔记本电脑上进行了测试，没有问题。所以这是这台机器特有的东西（戴尔 XPS 13 9370）。

错误信息：

$ openssl s_client -connect github.com:443
CONNECTED(00000003)
write:errno=104
---
no peer certificate available
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 311 bytes
---
New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : 0000
    Session-ID: 
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1537527929
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---

我已将OpenSSL 升级到最新版本，但这没有什么区别：

$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.2p  14 Aug 2018

运行 CURL 时出现以下错误：

$ curl -v https://google.com
* Rebuilt URL to: https://google.com/
*   Trying 172.217.17.46...
* Connected to google.com (172.217.17.46) port 443 (#0)
* found 148 certificates in /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
* found 597 certificates in /etc/ssl/certs
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* gnutls_handshake() failed: Error in the pull function.
* Closing connection 0
curl: (35) gnutls_handshake() failed: Error in the pull function.

还有许多其他有类似问题的答案，但我找不到任何可以解决我的情况的答案：

• 16.04 - curl：（35）gnutls_handshake（）失败：拉函数错误
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24457408/openssl-command-to-check-if-a-server-is-presenting-a-certificate
• 连接到 https 服务器时出现“错误：gnutls_handshake() 失败”
• https://serverfault.com/questions/892880/curl-gnutls-handshake-failed-error-in-the-pull-function
• 无法连接到某些 HTTPS 站点
• 更新失败，“gnutls_handshake() failed: Error in the pull function.”

这是与 stackoverflow.com 一起使用的示例：

$ openssl s_client -connect stackoverflow.com:443
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, OU = www.digicert.com, CN = DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=NY/L=New York/O=Stack Exchange, Inc./CN=*.stackexchange.com
   i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA
 1 s:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA
   i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=NY/L=New York/O=Stack Exchange, Inc./CN=*.stackexchange.com
issuer=/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3688 bytes and written 437 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    Session-ID: 6108011C279498322CD465101770BB0F5B33BB71138CBC79FCDF8CAD77595F29
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: CC8F5FD8CC5197DA6C57E6BF13A47954A8045202DAD80C9C74C26A358613CFDE4430C27F8347FFC9F38F34AF789AF511
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 77 0d 86 c9 22 54 0f 4b-97 9a 3e 46 78 cc 14 46   w..."T.K..>Fx..F
    0010 - 2d 82 e9 5f 63 b7 4c ae-de 3e c8 08 4e 35 4b e5   -.._c.L..>..N5K.
    0020 - 65 89 ef fa b6 83 a6 25-b6 77 c2 c9 a7 35 a7 95   e......%.w...5..
    0030 - c8 2c f1 98 81 19 20 11-84 10 a1 c6 0d 95 61 6d   .,.... .......am
    0040 - 68 76 2c fc d2 d1 1e 98-1f b2 36 84 3a 83 e0 20   hv,.......6.:.. 
    0050 - 75 98 9a ef 53 76 23 e1-03 f1 ef a2 e5 9a de 6f   u...Sv#........o
    0060 - e8 69 8e a4 9a 57 db 82-3f 19 e4 1b a0 85 19 54   .i...W..?......T
    0070 - ba e3 4c 0a f7 30 0f 68-16 6b 40 f2 65 81 db 6f   [email protected]
    0080 - aa 41 4f 75 79 dd 75 1a-aa b3 66 3f 6c dd 19 70   .AOuy.u...f?l..p
    0090 - cf b5 87 72 61 40 cb 1e-73 1a bd 69 92 a3 16 66   [email protected]

    Start Time: 1537529712
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
---

这是ifconfig代理连接的相关详细信息：

wlp2s0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 9c:b6:d0:8e:76:8f  
          inet addr:10.1.64.58  Bcast:10.1.79.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::75a:cefe:ae7f:73f1/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:24463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:25120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:13605579 (13.6 MB)  TX bytes:5419669 (5.4 MB)

编辑：输出ldd $(which curl)：

$ ldd $(which curl)
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffd885fc000)
    libcurl-gnutls.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl-gnutls.so.4 (0x00007fd8d24f7000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fd8d22dd000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fd8d20c0000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd8d1cf6000)
    libidn.so.11 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn.so.11 (0x00007fd8d1ac3000)
    librtmp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtmp.so.1 (0x00007fd8d18a7000)
    libnettle.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnettle.so.6 (0x00007fd8d1671000)
    libgnutls.so.30 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnutls.so.30 (0x00007fd8d1341000)
    libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x00007fd8d10f7000)
    liblber-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0x00007fd8d0ee8000)
    libldap_r-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libldap_r-2.4.so.2 (0x00007fd8d0c97000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd8d2993000)
    libhogweed.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhogweed.so.4 (0x00007fd8d0a64000)
    libgmp.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmp.so.10 (0x00007fd8d07e4000)
    libp11-kit.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libp11-kit.so.0 (0x00007fd8d0580000)
    libtasn1.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtasn1.so.6 (0x00007fd8d036d000)
    libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00007fd8d009b000)
    libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00007fd8cfe6c000)
    libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2 (0x00007fd8cfc68000)
    libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00007fd8cfa5d000)
    libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007fd8cf842000)
    libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00007fd8cf627000)
    libgssapi.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi.so.3 (0x00007fd8cf3e6000)
    libffi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 (0x00007fd8cf1de000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd8cefda000)
    libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00007fd8cedd6000)
    libheimntlm.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libheimntlm.so.0 (0x00007fd8cebcd000)
    libkrb5.so.26 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.26 (0x00007fd8ce943000)
    libasn1.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasn1.so.8 (0x00007fd8ce6a1000)
    libhcrypto.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhcrypto.so.4 (0x00007fd8ce46e000)
    libroken.so.18 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libroken.so.18 (0x00007fd8ce258000)
    libwind.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwind.so.0 (0x00007fd8ce02f000)
    libheimbase.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libheimbase.so.1 (0x00007fd8cde20000)
    libhx509.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhx509.so.5 (0x00007fd8cdbd5000)
    libsqlite3.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsqlite3.so.0 (0x00007fd8cd900000)
    libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007fd8cd6c8000)

编辑 2：感谢 Simon Sutter 的评论。我已经更新到 Ubuntu 18.04 试图解决它，但仍然存在类似的问题。

实际上 curl 错误现在略有不同，这很有用：

$ curl -v https://google.com
* Rebuilt URL to: https://google.com/
*   Trying 172.217.19.206...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to google.com (172.217.19.206) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
*   CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* OpenSSL SSL_connect: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL in connection to google.com:443 
* stopped the pause stream!
* Closing connection 0
curl: (35) OpenSSL SSL_connect: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL in connection to google.com:443 

搜索SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL错误时我遇到了一个SO 答案，该答案表明它可能与 IPv6 有关，并建议尝试wget. 这就是我得到的wget：

$ wget https://stackoverflow.com
--2018-09-26 09:33:12--  https://stackoverflow.com/
Resolving stackoverflow.com (stackoverflow.com)... 151.101.129.69, 151.101.193.69, 151.101.1.69, ...
Connecting to stackoverflow.com (stackoverflow.com)|151.101.129.69|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 263668 (257K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html’

index.html        100%[=============>] 257.49K   864KB/s    in 0.3s    

2018-09-26 09:33:13 (864 KB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [263668/263668]

$ wget https://google.com
--2018-09-26 09:33:25--  https://google.com/
Resolving google.com (google.com)... 172.217.20.110, 2a00:1450:400e:80a::200e
Connecting to google.com (google.com)|172.217.20.110|:443... connected.
Unable to establish SSL connection.

有趣的是，谷歌发出了 IPv6 请求，但 stackoverflow 没有。然而，进一步的检查表明我对 bitbucket.org 也有问题，并且没有表明 IPv6 连接：

$ wget https://bitbucket.org/
--2018-09-26 10:03:40--  https://bitbucket.org/
Resolving bitbucket.org (bitbucket.org)... 18.205.93.2, 18.205.93.1, 18.205.93.0, ...
Connecting to bitbucket.org (bitbucket.org)|18.205.93.2|:443... connected.
Unable to establish SSL connection.

我通过禁用 IPv6对此进行了进一步检查，但这没有任何区别 - 因为我在运行curl或wget.

现在因为我在 Ubuntu 18.04 上，所以这里有一组更新的检查。

$ curl --version
curl 7.58.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.58.0 OpenSSL/1.1.0g zlib/1.2.11 libidn2/2.0.4 libpsl/0.19.1 (+libidn2/2.0.4) nghttp2/1.30.0 librtmp/2.3
Release-Date: 2018-01-24
Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtmp rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp 
Features: AsynchDNS IDN IPv6 Largefile GSS-API Kerberos SPNEGO NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP HTTP2 UnixSockets HTTPS-proxy PSL 

相关ifconfig细节：

wlp2s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.1.64.53  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 10.1.79.255
        inet6 fe80::75a:cefe:ae7f:73f1  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 9c:b6:d0:8e:76:8f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1203608  bytes 1323281319 (1.3 GB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 434207  bytes 63876155 (63.8 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

卷曲库：

$ ldd $(which curl)
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcba0bb000)
    libcurl.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4 (0x00007ff5cba6b000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007ff5cb84e000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007ff5cb62f000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007ff5cb23e000)
    libnghttp2.so.14 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnghttp2.so.14 (0x00007ff5cb019000)
    libidn2.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libidn2.so.0 (0x00007ff5cadfc000)
    librtmp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtmp.so.1 (0x00007ff5cabe0000)
    libpsl.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpsl.so.5 (0x00007ff5ca9d2000)
    libssl.so.1.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.1 (0x00007ff5ca768000)
    libcrypto.so.1.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.1 (0x00007ff5ca2f0000)
    libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x00007ff5ca0a5000)
    libldap_r-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libldap_r-2.4.so.2 (0x00007ff5c9e53000)
    liblber-2.4.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0x00007ff5c9c45000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007ff5cbf21000)
    libunistring.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libunistring.so.2 (0x00007ff5c98c7000)
    libgnutls.so.30 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnutls.so.30 (0x00007ff5c9562000)
    libhogweed.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhogweed.so.4 (0x00007ff5c932e000)
    libnettle.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnettle.so.6 (0x00007ff5c90f8000)
    libgmp.so.10 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmp.so.10 (0x00007ff5c8e77000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007ff5c8c73000)
    libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00007ff5c899d000)
    libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00007ff5c876b000)
    libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcom_err.so.2 (0x00007ff5c8567000)
    libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00007ff5c835c000)
    libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007ff5c8141000)
    libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00007ff5c7f26000)
    libgssapi.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgssapi.so.3 (0x00007ff5c7ce5000)
    libp11-kit.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libp11-kit.so.0 (0x00007ff5c79b6000)
    libtasn1.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtasn1.so.6 (0x00007ff5c77a3000)
    libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00007ff5c759f000)
    libheimntlm.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libheimntlm.so.0 (0x00007ff5c7396000)
    libkrb5.so.26 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkrb5.so.26 (0x00007ff5c7109000)
    libasn1.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasn1.so.8 (0x00007ff5c6e67000)
    libhcrypto.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhcrypto.so.4 (0x00007ff5c6c31000)
    libroken.so.18 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libroken.so.18 (0x00007ff5c6a1b000)
    libffi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 (0x00007ff5c6813000)
    libwind.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwind.so.0 (0x00007ff5c65ea000)
    libheimbase.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libheimbase.so.1 (0x00007ff5c63db000)
    libhx509.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libhx509.so.5 (0x00007ff5c6191000)
    libsqlite3.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsqlite3.so.0 (0x00007ff5c5e88000)
    libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007ff5c5c50000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007ff5c58b2000)

env | grep -i proxy什么都不返回。

包裹状态：

$ dpkg -l curl ca-certificates
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                           Version              Architecture         Description
+++-==============================-====================-====================-==================================================================
ii  ca-certificates                20180409             all                  Common CA certificates
ii  curl                           7.58.0-2ubuntu3.3    amd64                command line tool for transferring data with URL syntax

如果它是链中某处的证书错误，我知道我在第一次设置计算机时确实安装了工作 CA 证书。

编辑3：

以下是有效的网站列表：

• https://duckduckgo.com
• https://*.stackexchange.com
• https://stackoverflow.com
• https://www.getharvest.com/
• https://www.bbc.com/news
• https://egghead.io
• https://news.ycombinator.com
• https://www.speedtest.net/
• https://ipleak.net/- 表示我没有 IPv6 连接
• https://*.atlassian.net（但 bitbucket.org 失败）

失败的站点列表：

• https://google.com
• https://dropbox.com
• https://outlook.live.com/owa/
• https://bitbucket.org
• https://www.facebook.com/
• https://www.slack.com
• https://twitter.com
• https://github.com

一半作品：

• https://outlook.office.com/owa/

https://outlook.office.com/owa/?bO=1上的站点遇到了无法修复的网络协议冲突。

编辑4：

我想我在 Ubuntu 问题上取得了一些进展。它适用于我尝试过的单独的 Ubuntu 16 笔记本电脑。此外，我认为我已将其归结为防火墙问题（通过此Security.SE 答案）以及 TLS v1.1 与 TLS v1.2 的处理。

我追踪了哪些网站我可以访问和哪些不能访问（上图）。一个有趣的例子是 bitbucket.org (fails) vs atlassian.net (works)。

然后，如果我尝试使用 openssl（强制 TLS v1.1）：

​openssl s_client -connect bitbucket.org:443 -tls1_1 # this fails
openssl s_client -connect atlassian.net:443 -tls1_1 # this works

所以我认为防火墙可能会以某种方式阻止 TLS v1.2 流量。

当我运行时，在我的另一台 Ubuntu 机器上：

openssl s_client -connect bitbucket.org:443 -tls1_1 # this works!

在我尝试过的 Mac 上也是如此。