我在 DELL XPS13 9343 上运行 Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS，似乎遇到了内核错误（参考：https ://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-media/msg135812.html ），这导致我现在遇到的问题media0-media255全部占用dev，这又导致以下问题（media: could not get a free minor）：
dmesg | tail -13
[ 5068.870529] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated_Webcam_HD (0c45:670c)
[ 5068.911713] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 4 was not initialized!
[ 5068.911716] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 3 was not initialized!
[ 5068.911717] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Processing 2 was not initialized!
[ 5068.911719] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Camera 1 was not initialized!
[ 5068.911722] media: could not get a free minor
[ 5069.249598] usb 2-5: USB disconnect, device number 56
[ 5069.556176] usb 2-5: new high-speed USB device number 57 using xhci_hcd
[ 5069.767923] usb 2-5: New USB device found, idVendor=0c45, idProduct=670c
[ 5069.767929] usb 2-5: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=1, SerialNumber=0
[ 5069.767934] usb 2-5: Product: Integrated_Webcam_HD
[ 5069.767938] usb 2-5: Manufacturer: CN09GTFM7248753ABDZMA00
[ 5069.779009] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated_Webcam_HD (0c45:670c)
尽管此错误已得到修复，但它似乎尚未向后移植到我的 LTS 版本（供参考：https : //bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1836654，entry media: uvcvideo: Fix driver reference counting）。
但是，我现在的问题是：
1）如何以正确的方式手动（最好是从终端）清理这些媒体控制器设备（设备控制器节点）？
2) 一般来说，我怎样才能确定 /dev 下的哪些项目是非活动的/过时的并清除这些项目？
附加信息：
在/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2它下面不断尝试添加但随后删除2-5目录。
在/sys/dev/char我现在有很多两种断开的链接：
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 13:256 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/input/input42/event256
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 13:257 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/input/input43/event257
............
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 13:495 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/input/input281/event495
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 13:496 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/input/input282/event496
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 241:0 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/media0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 241:1 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/media1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 241:10 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/media10
............
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 241:98 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/media98
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 09:52 241:99 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/media99
然后还有/dev/charand/dev/input考虑 (?)