con's questions

我全新安装了 Ubuntu 22.04。Bang & Olufsen 扬声器不播放声音。

我已经浏览过https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/sound-nosound.html.en但没有任何帮助。

我可以通过耳机听到声音，但是当我拔出耳机时，即使音量设置为最大，声音也消失了。

Speaker - sof-hda-dsp在设置中显示为已识别，但未使用。当我拔出耳机时，Output device开关。

sudo lspci -v给出：

00:1f.3 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation Device 51ca (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 8bdd
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 32, IRQ 204, IOMMU group 15
    Memory at 601d1d0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
    Memory at 601d000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
    Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [80] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
    Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
    Kernel driver in use: sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_sof_pci_intel_tgl

同样，我有一台旧笔记本电脑，其设置几乎相同，实际上可以工作：

lspci -v | fgrep -m1 -A19 '00:1f.3'

给出

   00:1f.3 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP cAVS
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Comet Lake PCH-LP cAVS
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 32, IRQ 154
    Memory at b431c000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
    Memory at b4000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
    Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [80] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 <?>
    Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_sof_pci_intel_cnl

也许切换正在使用的内核驱动程序是关键？如果有帮助的话，我该怎么做？

声卡未检测到并且命令sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-uname -r alsa-base alsa-firmware-loaders alsa-oss alsa-source alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsamixergui没有解决问题。

如何为 HP 笔记本电脑安装 Bang and Olufsen 音频驱动程序？未能解决我的问题。

ubuntu（及其变体）上带有 sof-hda-dsp 音频的耳机没有声音也失败。

当耳机连接或断开连接也没有帮助时，音频输出不会切换。

Ubuntu 20.04 - 没有声音也失败

cat /proc/asound/cards产生以下输出：

 0 [sofhdadsp      ]: sof-hda-dsp - sof-hda-dsp
                      HP-HPEnvyLaptop17_cw0xxx-Type1ProductConfigId-8BDD



sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

并添加

options snd-hda-intel model=generic

正如建议的Ubuntu 20.04 - 没有声音也失败了。

按照未检测到声卡 - Ubuntu 20.04 - sof-audio-pci 的建议使用 sof-bin也失败了。

我也得到了

[    0.475866] pci 0000:00:07.0: DPC: RP PIO log size 0 is invalid
[    0.476486] pci 0000:00:07.2: DPC: RP PIO log size 0 is invalid

在启动过程中。这是否与我的扬声器不工作有关？

我也做了标准sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade但无济于事。

当我 grep 中的音频时dmesg：

[    0.116257] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Lenovo-NV-HDMI-Audio)
[    7.147645] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: DSP detected with PCI class/subclass/prog-if info 0x040100
[    7.147677] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: Digital mics found on Skylake+ platform, using SOF driver
[    7.147696] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[    7.148080] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: DSP detected with PCI class/subclass/prog-if 0x040100
[    8.341717] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
[    8.407947] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: use msi interrupt mode
[    8.441644] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: hda codecs found, mask 5
[    8.441649] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: using HDA machine driver skl_hda_dsp_generic now
[    8.441653] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: DMICs detected in NHLT tables: 2
[    8.442691] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: Firmware info: version 2:2:0-57864
[    8.442695] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: Firmware: ABI 3:22:1 Kernel ABI 3:21:0
[    8.442697] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: FW ABI is more recent than kernel
[    8.442701] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: unknown sof_ext_man header type 3 size 0x30
[    8.538642] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: Firmware info: version 2:2:0-57864
[    8.538647] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: Firmware: ABI 3:22:1 Kernel ABI 3:21:0
[    8.538649] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: FW ABI is more recent than kernel
[    8.555720] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: Topology: ABI 3:22:1 Kernel ABI 3:21:0
[    8.555726] sof-audio-pci-intel-tgl 0000:00:1f.3: warn: topology ABI is more recent than kernel
[    8.585014] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0: autoconfig for ALC245: line_outs=1 (0x17/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:speaker
[    8.585021] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0:    speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[    8.585023] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0:    hp_outs=1 (0x21/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[    8.585025] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0:    mono: mono_out=0x0
[    8.585026] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0:    inputs:
[    8.585028] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0:      Mic=0x19
[    8.634984] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0: ASoC: sink widget AIF1TX overwritten
[    8.634992] snd_hda_codec_realtek ehdaudio0D0: ASoC: source widget AIF1RX overwritten

我也尝试添加snd-intel-dspcfg.dsp_driver=1，/boot/grub/grub.cfg但没有改变任何东西https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=275737

cat /proc/asound/cards给出输出：

 0 [sofhdadsp      ]: sof-hda-dsp - sof-hda-dsp
                      HP-HPEnvyLaptop17_cw0xxx-Type1ProductConfigId-8BDD

sudo aplay -l

给出输出：

card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 0: HDA Analog (*) []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 3: HDMI1 (*) []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 4: HDMI2 (*) []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: sofhdadsp [sof-hda-dsp], device 5: HDMI3 (*) []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

如何让扬声器发出声音？

我的 Ubuntu HP 笔记本电脑找不到它的摄像头，所以我无法使用视频。

相机显示“未找到设备”没有帮助。

从那个问题，

sudo lshw -class video

有输出

  *-display                 
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: CometLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics]
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       logical name: /dev/fb0
       version: 02
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
       configuration: depth=32 driver=i915 latency=0 resolution=1920,1080
       resources: irq:142 memory:b2000000-b2ffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:5000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
  *-display
       description: 3D controller
       product: GP108M [GeForce MX250]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
       version: a1
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
       resources: irq:141 memory:b3000000-b3ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:4000(size=128)

我也可以

lsusb -v | grep Camera

正如集成相机所建议的那样

给出错误：

Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing

的输出lsusb是巨大的，为了简洁起见，我不想在这里放那么多信息。

当我启动时cheese，我在终端上收到以下警告：

** Message: 16:26:26.963: cheese-application.vala:222: Error during camera setup: No device found


(cheese:19569): cheese-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: cheese_camera_device_get_name: assertion 'CHEESE_IS_CAMERA_DEVICE (device)' failed

(cheese:19569): GLib-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: g_variant_new_string: assertion 'string != NULL' failed

(cheese:19569): GLib-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: g_variant_ref_sink: assertion 'value != NULL' failed

(cheese:19569): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: g_settings_schema_key_type_check: assertion 'value != NULL' failed

(cheese:19569): GLib-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: g_variant_get_type_string: assertion 'value != NULL' failed

(cheese:19569): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: g_settings_set_value: key 'camera' in 'org.gnome.Cheese' expects type 's', but a GVariant of type '(null)' was given

(cheese:19569): GLib-CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: g_variant_unref: assertion 'value != NULL' failed

** (cheese:19569): CRITICAL **: 16:26:26.972: cheese_preferences_dialog_setup_resolutions_for_device: assertion 'device != NULL' failed

关于屏幕显示以下系统信息：

还lspci列出

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake-U v1 4c Host Bridge/DRAM Controller (rev 0c)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation CometLake-U GT2 [UHD Graphics] (rev 02)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 0c)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake Thermal Subsytem
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP Shared SRAM
00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP CNVi WiFi
00:14.5 SD Host controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP SCS3
00:15.0 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Serial IO I2C Host Controller
00:15.1 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake Serial IO I2C Host Controller
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake Management Engine Interface
00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode]
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f0)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f0)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f0)
00:1d.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCI Express Root Port #13 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP LPC Premium Controller/eSPI Controller
00:1f.3 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP cAVS
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH-LP SMBus Host Controller
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake SPI (flash) Controller
02:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP108M [GeForce MX250] (rev a1)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
04:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller 980

我怎样才能让我的相机/网络摄像头重新工作？

我正在使用 Ubuntu 22.04。

当我登录到 Ubuntu 时，音频输出设置为我登录时的任何内容，并且无论我是否戴上耳机都不会改变。

如果我戴上耳机登录，然后拔下耳机，则无法切换到扬声器。同样，如果我在拔下耳机的情况下登录，插入耳机也无济于事。

我可以在声音首选项中切换音频输出，但我希望自动进行更改。

此处提供的解决方案连接到蓝牙耳机后声音输出不会自动更改不起作用。

如何让音频输出在拔出或插入耳机时自动切换？

我的 Ubuntu 18.04.04 无法安装许多旨在允许四分之一窗口捕捉的应用程序。

我正在运行 Gnome 3.28.2

我想我正在 GNOME Flashback 上运行 Metacity。我的 shell 版本是GNU bash, version 4.4.20(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)这是最好的 GNOME 窗口管理器恕我直言。

1. 如何使用 18.04 在角落捕捉窗口？

这显示了如何安装“Put Windows”，但它不适合我的 shell 版本。我点击了 GitHub 页面，但说明没有显示如何安装 shell 版本 4。

我安装成功sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions chrome-gnome-shell

看来“Put Windows”不适用于 Metacity。此外，在我看来，gnome-shell-extensions 不适用于 Metacity。

我也试过 install ShellTile&gTile在命令行，但这也失败了。

如何使用 Metacity 获得四分之一窗口功能？

我正在尝试通过 Ubuntu 19.10 中的 CLI 播放视频

我运行命令：

con@e:/mnt/Windows/Users/...$ vlc video.flv
VLC media player 3.0.8 Vetinari (revision 3.0.8-0-gf350b6b5a7)
[000056347c5755b0] main libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
libva info: VA-API version 1.5.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_4
libva error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so init failed
libva info: va_openDriver() returns -1
[00007f7e20003430] glconv_vaapi_x11 gl error: vaInitialize: unknown libva error
libva info: VA-API version 1.5.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_4
libva error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so init failed
libva info: va_openDriver() returns -1
[00007f7e20003430] glconv_vaapi_drm gl error: vaInitialize: unknown libva error
libva info: VA-API version 1.5.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_4
libva error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so init failed
libva info: va_openDriver() returns -1
[00007f7e20003430] glconv_vaapi_drm gl error: vaInitialize: unknown libva error
Failed to open VDPAU backend libvdpau_va_gl.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[flv @ 0x7f7e34c160c0] Unable to seek to the next packet
QObject::~QObject: Timers cannot be stopped from another thread

该视频在 Totem 和 VLC 中都播放，但是当我尝试寻找另一个时间时，整个事情都崩溃了。Totem 不会打印错误报告，但 VLC 会打印，所以我将其粘贴在上面。

我在这里看到过类似的帖子，例如https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2387235 但我在那里没有看到解决方案或https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/intel -vaapi-驱动程序/+错误/1756380

我还看到了为什么 LIBVA 在尝试初始化 Intel GM965 驱动程序时会返回错误？但我不明白那里有什么可以帮助我的。

列出libva2包，我看到：

libva2/eoan,now 2.5.0-1 amd64 [installed]
libva2/eoan 2.5.0-1 i386

这个错误只发生在某些视频上，而不是其他视频，我不知道具体是哪些。

我还看到VLC 在尝试播放视频时崩溃

这表明我这样做：

con@e:/mnt/Windows/Users/...$ vainfo
libva info: VA-API version 1.5.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_4
libva error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so init failed
libva info: va_openDriver() returns -1
vaInitialize failed with error code -1 (unknown libva error),exit

不幸的是，该页面在 > 1 年后仍未解决。

我还查看了https://forum.videolan.org/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=148280 但那里的解决方案：vlc -V x11 video.mp4仍然返回相同的错误。

从 Windows 打开相同的文件时，VLC 有同样的问题。

输出mediainfo：

con@e:/mnt/Windows/Users/...$ file.flv 
General
Complete name                            : file.flv
Format                                   : Flash Video
File size                                : 167 MiB
Tagged date                              : UTC 2009-05-30 03:59:09
Tagging application                      : MEGA

Video
Format                                   : AVC
Format/Info                              : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile                           : High@L4.1
Format settings                          : CABAC / 5 Ref Frames
Format settings, CABAC                   : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames                : 5 frames
Codec ID                                 : 7
Width                                    : 416 pixels
Height                                   : 224 pixels
Display aspect ratio                     : 16:9
Frame rate mode                          : Constant
Frame rate                               : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space                              : YUV
Chroma subsampling                       : 4:2:0
Bit depth                                : 8 bits
Scan type                                : Progressive

Audio

我已经阅读了关于如何在 Ubuntu 中将时间显示更改为 12 小时时间格式并在 GUI 中将时间设置为 24 小时并使用 gnome-tweak 的三个解决方案，我已经设法很好地更改了我的时间和日期格式，但不能设置 24 小时制：“AM”仍在显示。这尽管

1. 在 GUI 中将“时间格式”设置为“24 小时制”，（见上图）

2. 输入命令gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-format '24h'

3. 并在浏览到 org > gnome > desktop > interface > clock-format 中设置dconf-editor，并将格式更改为“24h”

如何获得 24 小时制格式，是否有其他设置可能与这三种方法相矛盾？

当我在 BASH 终端键入时，我习惯于键入“python a_long_filename.py”，但总是使用“tab->”键来自动完成文件名，这样可以节省我打字的时间。这适用于 python2，但不适用于 python3。

是否有一些我可以安装的软件包，或者我可以更改的一些设置，以启用 python3 的自动完成功能？