Eduardo Casillas Allen提出的问题 -ubuntu

Eduardo Casillas Allen

Asked: 2018-06-04 20:03:24 +0800 CST

通过 bash 发送邮件过去可以工作，现在不再工作

4 个月前，我制作了一个 .sh 脚本，每隔一段时间向自己发送我的 IP 地址，以便能够使用 ssh 远程连接到我的计算机。有几个月我没有使用它，因为我在家工作。我又要离开一段时间了，所以我会用它来连接我的台式电脑，只是，完全没有理由，当我运行脚本时，我不再收到邮件，即使脚本似乎像往常一样运行。我升级了 sendmail-bin 和 mailutils，根据我的记忆（以及回顾我制作脚本时的 bash 命令历史记录），我安装并使用了当时制作脚本的所有内容。

它很简单，基本上是一个 5 行脚本，它是这样的：

#!/bin/bash

echo "O.K."

while true
do
        ip="$(dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com)"
        echo "My WAN/Public IP address: ${ip}"
        echo $ip | mail -s "${ip}" [email protected]
        echo "sent"
        sleep 10800
done

当我运行它时，脚本会打印“已发送”，我故意将其放入终端以确认它已被发送。

me@myMacine:~$ ./ipsender.sh
O.K.
My WAN/Public IP address: 111.111.11.111
sent

我什至仍然在我的 gmail 垃圾邮件文件夹中保留了带有我的 IP 地址的电子邮件（我以前在我的垃圾邮件文件夹中获取它，这对我来说很好，现在我根本没有收到邮件），旧邮件在发送地址中有我自己计算机的用户名和名称作为域。我真的想不出我在做什么不同的事情，什么都没有；本质上它都是一样的，因此无法想出它不起作用的任何理由。我不再收到任何电子邮件，这就是我所知道的。我也试过 hotmail.com 地址。

我希望你们能帮助我理解为什么我没有收到电子邮件以及我可以做些什么来解决它。

另外我已经知道有一些方法可以使用我自己的 gmail 地址，使用其他包以及我的 gmail 帐户和密码等。我宁愿继续使用相同的方法并保持简单，再次，我没有理由改变它如果我知道它可以工作；简单就是我的剧本的全部内容。

谢谢你。

编辑 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------

这是我通过运行得到的tail -f /var/log/maillog：

me@myComputer:~$ sudo tail -f /var/log/mail.log
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542YSqo007914: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:30:42, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3000000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9230]: w542Vs2b007865: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9230]: w542Vs2b007865: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542Vs2b007865: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:33:16, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3090000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9231]: w542JjVF007748: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9231]: w542JjVF007748: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542JjVF007748: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:45:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3180000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9232]: w542B0U6007560: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9232]: w542B0U6007560: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542B0U6007560: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:54:10, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3270000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error

这是我运行脚本 ( ./ipsender.sh) 后得到的结果：

Jun  4 03:11:09 myComputer sendmail[9292]: My unqualified host name (myComputer) unknown; sleeping for retry

这是一个很长的停顿，脚本将等待。完成邮件命令并从脚本打印“已发送”后，我在 mail.log 上得到了这个：

Jun  4 03:12:09 myComputer sendmail[9292]: unable to qualify my own domain name (myComputer) -- using short name
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sendmail[9292]: w548C9EK009292: from=me@myComputer, size=134, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040812.w548C9EK009292@myComputer>, relay=me@localhost
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9303]: w548CAhp009303: from=<me@myComputer>, size=383, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040812.w548C9EK009292@myComputer>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sendmail[9292]: w548C9EK009292: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=me@myComputer (1000/1000), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30134, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w548CAhp009303 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=TLSv1.2, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: w548CAhp009303: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<me@myComputer> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120383, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [74.125.198.26], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: w548CAhp009303: w548CAhp009305: DSN: Service unavailable
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9307]: w548CAhp009305: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9307]: w548CAhp009305: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun  4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: w548CAhp009305: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error

安装后sensible-mda，输出tail -f /var/log/mail.log如下（仍然不会收到任何邮件）：

casillas@DeepNoble:~$ sudo tail -f /var/log/mail.log
Jun  4 03:46:19 DeepNoble sm-mta[11230]: w548kJ5M011230: to=<casillas@DeepNoble>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent
Jun  4 03:47:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: My unqualified host name (DeepNoble) unknown; sleeping for retry
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: unable to qualify my own domain name (DeepNoble) -- using short name
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: w548mESn011253: from=casillas@DeepNoble, size=134, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040848.w548mESn011253@DeepNoble>, relay=casillas@localhost
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11277]: w548mECQ011277: from=<casillas@DeepNoble>, size=383, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040848.w548mESn011253@DeepNoble>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: w548mESn011253: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=casillas@DeepNoble (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30134, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w548mECQ011277 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=TLSv1.2, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: w548mECQ011277: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<casillas@DeepNoble> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120383, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [173.194.67.26], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: w548mECQ011277: w548mECQ011279: DSN: Service unavailable
Jun  4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: w548mECQ011279: to=<casillas@DeepNoble>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent

运行脚本，然后：

Jun  4 03:52:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: My unqualified host name (DeepNoble) unknown; sleeping for retry

长时间的停顿，脚本打印“sent”，然后：

Jun  4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: unable to qualify my own domain name (DeepNoble) -- using short name
Jun  4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: w548rgKs011335: from=casillas@DeepNoble, size=134, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040853.w548rgKs011335@DeepNoble>, relay=casillas@localhost
Jun  4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sm-mta[11342]: w548rgYu011342: from=<casillas@DeepNoble>, size=383, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040853.w548rgKs011335@DeepNoble>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun  4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: w548rgKs011335: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=casillas@DeepNoble (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30134, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w548rgYu011342 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun  4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=TLSv1.2, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128
Jun  4 03:53:43 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: w548rgYu011342: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<casillas@DeepNoble> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=120383, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [74.125.198.27], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable
Jun  4 03:53:43 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: w548rgYu011342: w548rhYu011344: DSN: Service unavailable
Jun  4 03:53:43 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: w548rhYu011344: to=<casillas@DeepNoble>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent

这是我通过阅读本地邮件 ( echo p | mail) 得到的信息，我用“ +++.+++.++.+++”模糊了我当前的 IP 地址：

me@myComputer:~$ echo p | mail
"/var/mail/me": 23 messages 23 new
>N   1 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2540  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   2 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  64/2674  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   3 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2540  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   4 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2541  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   5 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2541  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   6 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2540  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   7 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2541  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   8 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2542  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N   9 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2540  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  10 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2543  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  11 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2517  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  12 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2518  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  13 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2519  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  14 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2519  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  15 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2518  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  16 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2518  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  17 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  64/2651  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  18 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2519  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  19 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2516  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  20 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:45  68/2519  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  21 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:46  64/2674  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  22 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:48  68/2538  Returned mail: see transcript for details
 N  23 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun  4 03:53  68/2540  Returned mail: see transcript for details
Return-Path: <MAILER-DAEMON>
Received: from localhost (localhost)
    by myComputer (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-3) id w548GKL8009375;
    Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:20 -0500
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:20 -0500
From: Mail Delivery Subsystem <MAILER-DAEMON>
Message-Id: <201806040816.w548GKL8009375@myComputer>
To: <me@myComputer>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status;
    boundary="w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer"
Subject: Returned mail: see transcript for details
Auto-Submitted: auto-generated (failure)
Content-Length: 1983

This is a MIME-encapsulated message

--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer

The original message was received at Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
from localhost [127.0.0.1]

   ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
<[email protected]>
    (reason: 550-5.7.1 [+++.+++.++.+++] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized to)

   ----- Transcript of session follows -----
... while talking to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.:
>>> DATA
<<< 550-5.7.1 [+++.+++.++.+++] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized to
<<< 550-5.7.1 send email directly to our servers. Please use the SMTP relay at your
<<< 550-5.7.1 service provider instead. Learn more at
<<< 550 5.7.1  https://support.google.com/mail/?p=NotAuthorizedError q52-v6si5112685otc.25 - gsmtp
554 5.0.0 Service unavailable

--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer
Content-Type: message/delivery-status

Reporting-MTA: dns; myComputer
Received-From-MTA: DNS; localhost
Arrival-Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500

Final-Recipient: RFC822; [email protected]
Action: failed
Status: 5.7.1
Remote-MTA: DNS; gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com
Diagnostic-Code: SMTP; 550-5.7.1 [+++.+++.++.+++] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized to
Last-Attempt-Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:20 -0500

--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer
Content-Type: text/rfc822-headers

Return-Path: <me@myComputer>
Received: from myComputer (localhost [127.0.0.1])
    by myComputer (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-3) with ESMTP id w548GJL8009373
    for <[email protected]>; Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
Received: (from me@localhost)
    by myComputer (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id w548GJsR009365;
    Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
From: me <me@myComputer>
Message-Id: <201806040816.w548GJsR009365@myComputer>
Subject: regarding the incredibly deadly viper
To: <[email protected]>
X-Mailer: mail (GNU Mailutils 2.99.99)

--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer--


Saved 1 message in /home/me/mbox
Held 22 messages in /var/mail/me

Eduardo Casillas Allen

Asked: 2016-05-02 23:45:31 +0800 CST

SSH 连接在外部超时，但在内部工作

最近我尝试将我的 Ubuntu 14.04 台式计算机（我将其称为“计算机 A”）设置为 ssh 服务器，以便我可以从我的笔记本电脑远程访问它（我将其称为“计算机 B”）。我安装了 openssh-server，到目前为止还没有修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件。

问题是，我相信我正确设置了所有内容，尽管我可以在同一网络中使用路由器上计算机 A 的永久内部 IP 地址通过 ssh 从计算机 B 访问计算机 A（也可以通过计算机 A 中的本地主机）：

ssh [email protected]

我无法使用外部 IP 地址访问计算机 A，如下所示：

ssh -vvv username@the-external-ip-adress

过了一会儿，我得到：

OpenSSH_6.6.1, OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to the-external-ip-adress [the-external-ip-adress] port 22.
debug1: connect to address the-external-ip-adress port 22: Connection timed out
ssh: connect to host the-external-ip-adress port 22: Connection timed out

我尝试通过网络内部和外部的外部地址进行连接。这个地址是我在 canyouseeme.org 并通过谷歌搜索找到的。我还使用了我的 IP 和端口 22 的 canyouseeme.org，这是我的 sshd_config 默认指定的端口，并且还发现由于连接超时而无法访问该服务。

我几乎检查了每个论坛并发布了有关类似问题的帖子，有时似乎是完全相同的问题，但没有找到解决方案。根据我所阅读的所有内容，我提供了有关或可能相关的路由器配置（端口转发等）信息的屏幕截图。

我也：

在我的防火墙上启用了端口 22（“sudo ufw allow 22”）
已尝试禁用防火墙
已尝试重新启用防火墙
已尝试禁用路由器的防火墙
已尝试重新启用路由器的防火墙
已尝试将端口添加到 iptables（“sudo iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT”）
发现 /var/log/auth.log 只有本地记录
发现 /var/log/daemon.log 为空
尝试过 100% 丢包的 ping
已重新启动计算机 A
已重启路由器
已检查 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件中的访问限制，但未找到任何限制。

截图

有什么建议么？请记住，我可以完美地 ssh 到计算机 A 并在网络内使用它，并使用计算机 A 的 IP 本地地址，以及计算机 A 内的 localhost。据我了解，这表明没有任何问题电脑A的ssh服务器配置。但我可能错了。

更新：我最近还注意到IP（外部IP）不断变化（经过很长时间），当然我总是尝试连接到当前IP。拥有一个非静态 IP 可以做些什么吗？

通过 bash 发送邮件过去可以工作，现在不再工作

SSH 连接在外部超时，但在内部工作

如何运行 .sh 脚本？

如何安装 .tar.gz（或 .tar.bz2）文件？

如何列出所有已安装的软件包

无法锁定管理目录 (/var/lib/dpkg/) 是另一个进程在使用它吗？

Eduardo Casillas Allen's questions

通过 bash 发送邮件过去可以工作，现在不再工作

SSH 连接在外部超时，但在内部工作

如何运行 .sh 脚本？

如何安装 .tar.gz（或 .tar.bz2）文件？

如何列出所有已安装的软件包

无法锁定管理目录 (/var/lib/dpkg/) 是另一个进程在使用它吗？