摘要:在桥接 KVM/QEMU 配置中,发往来宾 VM 的网络数据包无法到达那里。
配置:主机是最新的 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS 服务器;来宾是 3 个虚拟机中的任何一个,一个非常旧的 16.04 Ubuntu 服务器,一个旧的 Ubuntu 20.04 桌面和一个全新的 Ubuntu 21.04 桌面。前 2 个 VM 正在从非桥接、NAT'd 转换,第 3 个 VM 是指定桥接网络创建的。最终,VM 将通过 DHCP 从主 LAN 获取其 IP 地址,但目前为了获得更好的调试信息,它们使用静态 IP 地址。
主机桥定义 , /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
(这是众多尝试之一):
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:
dhcp4: no
bridges:
br0:
# interfaces: [ enp3s0 ]
dhcp4: yes
# dhcp6: no
# link-local: [ ]
interfaces:
- enp3s0
# parameters:
# stp: true
# forward-delay: 4
虚拟的东西,/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/br0.xml
:
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh net-edit br0
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<network>
<name>br0</name>
<uuid>40a8752c-d074-4802-bae8-b0aef95d9c99</uuid>
<forward mode='bridge'/>
<bridge name='br0'/>
</network>
注意:已经尝试了许多版本的桥接 .xml 文件,包括不同的名称,不同的引用使用不同的技术。Ubuntu Serverguide 引用了这个,它说名称和网桥名称必须相同,但其他参考文献中的名称和网桥名称不同。使用 nano 创建裸文件后,这些命令:
virsh net-define br0.xml
virsh net-autostart br0
virsh net-start br0
用于添加和配置它。默认的 NAT 方式是从自动启动目录中取消链接的,以免取消链接。最终,它是未定义的。结果:
$ virsh net-list --all
Name State Autostart Persistent
----------------------------------------------
br0 active yes yes
此时重启后完全没有iptables规则。但是,VM 没有网络访问权限。请注意,一些参考文献提到了 br_netfilter 模块的特殊 iptables 规则和特殊属性,所有这些都已尝试过。这个问题已经够长了,没有详细介绍这里尝试的变化的所有细节。
调试详细信息:无论配置变体如何,基本问题始终相同,VM 目标数据包似乎没有到达主机,至少在 tcpdump 中看到。但是,广播类型的数据包确实会到达并确实到达客户端 VM。
此示例将在 LAN 上使用 192.168.111.59 (MAC: 52:54:00:60:ea:0e)、16.04 服务器 VM 和 192.168.111.132(树莓派)。20.04 主机服务器位于 192.168.111.136。网络掩码为 24 位,255.255.255.0。网关和 DHCP 服务器是 Debian 服务器(顺便说一下,桥接来宾 VM 在其上工作正常)。
在 ping 期间从 raspberry-pi 看到的第一个 tpcudmp:
doug@rpi2:~ $ sudo tcpdump -n -tttt -i eth0 ether host 52:54:00:60:ea:0e
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
2021-04-23 08:33:19.363553 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 08:33:19.487239 IP 192.168.111.132 > 192.168.111.59: ICMP echo request, id 27848, seq 14, length 64
2021-04-23 08:33:20.363542 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 08:33:20.527250 IP 192.168.111.132 > 192.168.111.59: ICMP echo request, id 27848, seq 15, length 64
2021-04-23 08:33:21.567215 IP 192.168.111.132 > 192.168.111.59: ICMP echo request, id 27848, seq 16, length 64
2021-04-23 08:33:22.607228 IP 192.168.111.132 > 192.168.111.59: ICMP echo request, id 27848, seq 17, length 64
2021-04-23 08:33:23.372351 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 08:33:23.647228 IP 192.168.111.132 > 192.168.111.59: ICMP echo request, id 27848, seq 18, length 64
2021-04-23 08:33:24.371431 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
从所有 ARP 活动中可以看出,VM 正在正常发送数据包。但是,它从不回复任何内容。现在让我们观察来自主机的相同活动,注意 tcpdump 输出对于任何接口 br0 或 enp3s0 或 vnet0 都是相同的。
$ sudo tcpdump -n -tttt -i br0 ether host 52:54:00:60:ea:0e
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on br0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
2021-04-23 08:40:38.837608 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:39.837159 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:40.837122 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:43.842985 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:44.840895 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:45.840991 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:48.848508 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:49.848895 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:50.848871 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:51.514011 ARP, Reply 192.168.111.59 is-at 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:52.928400 ARP, Reply 192.168.111.59 is-at 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:53.853881 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-23 08:40:54.852472 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
每隔一段时间观察一下 VM 是否响应,但稍后我们会看到它是针对广播数据包的。似乎还有一个问题是 192.168.111.1 没有响应。无论出于何种原因,在 tcpdump 级别都看不到数据包。还要注意没有来自树莓派的 ICMP 数据包。现在,显示网关响应(这是另一台计算机上的“br0”。编辑:替换为更好的捕获示例,因此时间戳不同):
$ sudo tcpdump -n -tttt -e -i br0 ether host 52:54:00:60:ea:0e
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v[v]... for full protocol decode
listening on br0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), snapshot length 262144 bytes
2021-04-23 22:25:17.434415 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 22:25:17.434432 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 28
2021-04-23 22:25:20.440843 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 22:25:20.440859 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 28
2021-04-23 22:25:21.438316 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 22:25:21.438332 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 28
2021-04-23 22:25:22.438266 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 22:25:22.438283 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 28
2021-04-23 22:25:25.446312 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 22:25:25.446329 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 28
2021-04-23 22:25:26.446195 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-23 22:25:26.446211 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, length 28
观察虚拟机传出数据包,ARP 完成。我不知道如何从我通过 VNC 与之通信的 VM 复制和粘贴,但它显示了一些已完成但陈旧的 ARP 条目以响应ip neigh
命令,并且 tcpdump 显示来自 LAN 的一些 ARP 和广播数据包。
其他信息(与此问题无关的 MAC 已隐藏):
$ brctl show br0
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.3c7c3f0d9983 no enp3s0
vnet0
$ brctl showmacs br0
port no mac addr is local? ageing timer
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 0.00
1 3c:7c:3f:0d:99:83 yes 0.00
1 3c:7c:3f:0d:99:83 yes 0.00
2 52:54:00:60:ea:0e no 1.68
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 2.14
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 36.84
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 89.57
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 226.51
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 13.28
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 165.68
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 165.68
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 265.02
1 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx no 27.62
2 fe:54:00:60:ea:0e yes 0.00
2 fe:54:00:60:ea:0e yes 0.00
$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 3c:7c:3f:0d:99:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 3c:7c:3f:0d:99:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.136/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic br0
valid_lft 51547sec preferred_lft 51547sec
7: vnet0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:54:00:60:ea:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
编辑:有趣的是,来自配置为交换机的 D-Link AC2600 Wi-Fi 千兆路由器的所有 ARP 数据包总是出现在主机上并到达虚拟机并回复:
$ sudo tcpdump -n -tttt -e -i br0 ether host aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on br0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
2021-04-23 22:45:51.463524 aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.59 (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) tell 192.168.111.58, length 46
2021-04-23 22:45:51.463631 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.59 is-at 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, length 28
2021-04-23 22:46:51.466955 aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.59 (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) tell 192.168.111.58, length 46
2021-04-23 22:46:51.467030 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.59 is-at 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, length 28
2021-04-23 22:47:51.466889 aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.59 (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) tell 192.168.111.58, length 46
2021-04-23 22:47:51.466965 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.59 is-at 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, length 28
2021-04-23 22:48:51.479096 aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.59 (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) tell 192.168.111.58, length 46
2021-04-23 22:48:51.479178 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.59 is-at 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, length 28
编辑 3 - 新配置测试:为了减少变量的数量,完成了以下操作:
- 一台即将退役的 Ubuntu 16.04 服务器启动,提供了一个新的隔离 LAN。
- 主机 Ubuntu 20.04 服务器直接连接到 16.04 服务器的 LAN 端 NIC。根本不涉及任何交换机,只有一根长以太网电缆。
- 事情经过测试,似乎工作正常。通过 ssh 从我的主 LAN 访问所有内容,通过我的主静态 WAN IP 并通过我的测试 WAN 静态 IP 回到旧的 16.04 服务器。然后从那里到 20.04 主机服务器的链式 ssh 会话。
- Ubuntu 16.04 VM 客户端已在主机上启动。
- 尝试从旧的 16.04 网关服务器到客户端的“ping”。
- 结果与原始配置相同。
网关旧 16.04 服务器上的 tcpdump:
doug@DOUG-64:~$ sudo tcpdump -n -tttt -e -i enp2s0 ether host 52:54:00:60:ea:0e
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on enp2s0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
2021-04-26 15:10:00.701941 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-26 15:10:00.701965 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa, length 28
2021-04-26 15:10:01.699156 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-26 15:10:01.699169 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa, length 28
2021-04-26 15:10:02.699141 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-26 15:10:02.699154 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa, length 28
2021-04-26 15:10:05.707404 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-26 15:10:05.707417 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa, length 28
2021-04-26 15:10:06.707097 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-26 15:10:06.707110 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa, length 28
2021-04-26 15:10:07.707094 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 46
2021-04-26 15:10:07.707107 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa > 52:54:00:60:ea:0e, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Reply 192.168.111.1 is-at 00:19:b9:0d:af:fa, length 28
20.04 主机服务器上的 tcpdump:
doug@s19:~$ sudo tcpdump -n -tttt -e -i br0 ether host 52:54:00:60:ea:0e
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on br0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
2021-04-26 15:11:35.801771 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:36.800497 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:37.800491 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:40.807062 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:41.804469 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:42.804444 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:45.812553 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:46.812405 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
2021-04-26 15:11:47.812398 52:54:00:60:ea:0e > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.111.1 tell 192.168.111.59, length 28
附带说明:从我的链接 ssh 会话到 20.04 主机服务器,我可以再次链接并 ssh 到 VM 客户端就好了。
结论: Ubuntu 20.04 服务器上的链路层出了点问题,因此 tcpdump 甚至无法“看到”传入的数据包,也无法到达 VM 来宾。图。
编辑 4:与 Christian Ehrhardt 提供的信息相比,我的系统上的潜在差异是 br0 MAC 列表可能不正确,替换了第一个字节。注意:不相关的 MAC 已删除,3 个 VM 正在运行:
doug@s19:~$ brctl showmacs br0
port no mac addr is local? ageing timer
1 3c:7c:3f:0d:99:83 yes 0.00 <<< enp3s0, br0
1 3c:7c:3f:0d:99:83 yes 0.00 <<< enp3s0, br0
4 52:54:00:22:2f:dc no 5.15 <<< VM 3
2 52:54:00:60:ea:0e no 3.29 <<< VM 1
3 52:54:00:60:ea:3e no 12.67 <<< VM 2
4 fe:54:00:22:2f:dc yes 0.00 <<< vnet2
4 fe:54:00:22:2f:dc yes 0.00 <<< vnet2
2 fe:54:00:60:ea:0e yes 0.00 <<< vnet0
2 fe:54:00:60:ea:0e yes 0.00 <<< vnet0
3 fe:54:00:60:ea:3e yes 0.00 <<< vnet1
3 fe:54:00:60:ea:3e yes 0.00 <<< vnet1
出于某种原因,Christian 没有显示 vnet,或者在他的系统上调用的任何内容,连接到网桥(我不知道它是否相关):
$ brctl showmacs br0
port no mac addr is local? ageing timer
2 52:54:00:48:40:69 no 2.36 <- Guest
1 52:54:00:95:e4:2a no 0.00 <- outside system
1 52:54:00:9b:9b:0e yes 0.00 <- Host
1 52:54:00:9b:9b:0e yes 0.00 <- Host
编辑 5:与编辑 4 类似的数据,但来自运行 2 个虚拟机的 Debian 服务器,运行正常:
doug@s15:~$ sudo brctl showmacs br0
port no mac addr is local? ageing timer
1 52:54:00:22:2f:dc no 17.85
2 52:54:00:27:1b:5e no 18.48 <<< VM 1
3 52:54:00:27:1b:ae no 2.14 <<< VM 2
1 f4:8c:eb:c8:08:a0 no 18.48
2 fe:71:fa:75:16:93 yes 0.00 <<< tap0 (VM1)
2 fe:71:fa:75:16:93 yes 0.00 <<< tap0
3 fe:e1:c5:2a:c7:e3 yes 0.00 <<< tap1 (VM2)
3 fe:e1:c5:2a:c7:e3 yes 0.00 <<< tap1
编辑 6:来自 的信息networkctl
,需要注意的是 Debian 服务器显示“Master: br0”,而 Ubuntu 服务器没有:
Ubuntu:
doug@s19:~$ networkctl
IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP
1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged
2 enp3s0 ether enslaved configured
3 br0 bridge routable configured
4 vnet0 ether carrier unmanaged
4 links listed.
doug@s19:~$ man networkctl
doug@s19:~$ networkctl^Cnetworkctl
doug@s19:~$ networkctl status vnet0
● 4: vnet0
Link File: /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
Network File: n/a
Type: ether
State: carrier (unmanaged)
Driver: tun
HW Address: fe:54:00:60:ea:0e
MTU: 1500 (min: 68, max: 65521)
Queue Length (Tx/Rx): 1/1
Auto negotiation: no
Speed: 10Mbps
Duplex: full
Port: tp
Apr 30 07:40:51 s19 systemd-networkd[530]: vnet0: Link UP
Apr 30 07:40:51 s19 systemd-networkd[530]: vnet0: Gained carrier
德比安:
doug@s15:~$ networkctl
IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP
1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged
2 enp3s0 ether enslaved configured
3 enp1s0 ether routable configured
4 br0 bridge routable configured
10 tap0 ether carrier unmanaged
5 links listed.
doug@s15:~$ networkctl status tap0
● 10: tap0
Link File: /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
Network File: n/a
Type: ether
State: carrier (unmanaged)
Driver: tun
HW Address: fe:8a:6a:ce:18:9c
MTU: 1500 (min: 68, max: 65521)
QDisc: pfifo_fast
Master: br0 <<<<< Different than Ubuntu
Queue Length (Tx/Rx): 1/1
Auto negotiation: no
Speed: 10Mbps
Duplex: full
Port: tp
问题:出了什么问题,如何让桥接的 VM 正常工作?