今天早些时候，我在我的戴尔 5290 二合一笔记本电脑上执行了最新的内核更新。但在我将其插入扩展坞后不久，屏幕就会闪烁、空白和冻结。屏幕上唯一剩下的项目是鼠标指针，它被卡住了。
如果我没有插上平板电脑，它运行得很好。似乎是扩展坞触发了冻结。
也就是说，即使屏幕冻结，我也可以通过 ssh 登录平板电脑。所以系统还在运行。但是，如果我尝试通过该reboot命令重新启动平板电脑，似乎什么也没有发生。sudo reboot -f将重新启动系统，而sudo reboot不会。
我应该从哪里开始寻找发现这个问题的任何想法？
我一直无法让 gparted 运行。我想格式化一个USB记忆棒。. . 但是当我尝试加载 gparted 时，它会无休止地循环“扫描所有设备”。这是在戴尔 Latitude 5290 上安装的全新 Ubuntu 18.04，以防万一。
无论是否插入 USB 记忆棒，Gparted 都会执行相同的操作。
当我从“sudo gparted”运行 gparted 时，输出为：
Unit -.mount does not exist, proceeding anyway
Gtk-Message: 12:31:43.801: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
==============
libparted: 3.2
==============
GUI 会在底部栏上显示扫描动画。这就是发生的一切。
编辑：
我应该补充一点，这不仅仅是一个 gparted 问题。当我运行“sudo fdisk -l”时，fdisk 开始列出我的驱动器，但是当它到达 /dev/sdc 时它会冻结。即使是 ^c 也不会让我脱离 fdisk。“sudo killall fdisk”不会终止 fdisk 任务。
“磁盘”GUI 应用程序通常不会加载。尝试从命令行运行它会导致错误消息“GNOME-Disks-ERROR **: Error getting udisks client: Timeout was reached Trace/breakpoint trap”
当我使用 gnome-disks 实用程序格式化 USB 驱动器时，它给了我：
Error creating file system: Command-line `parted --script "/dev/sdd" mktable msdos' exited with non-zero exit status 1: Error: Input/output error during read on /dev/sdd
Error: Input/output error during write on /dev/sdd
(udisks-error-quark, 0)
编辑 2：我设法让 gparted 加载插入在我的旧 LUbuntu 16.04 盒子之一上的 USB 驱动器。gparted 会发出很多警告。/dev/sdd 的“信息”面板（现在称为 sdd）说：
/dev/sdd: unrecognised disk label
Input/output error during read on /dev/sdd
我最近在戴尔 Latitude 5290 二合一平板电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 18.04。我无法让 Ubuntu 识别的唯一硬件元素是摄像机。从这个线程来看，我的猜测是目前可能没有支持。
那正确吗？
这是我的 lspci
lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core
Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 08)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 620 (rev 07)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Skylake Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 08)
00:05.0 Multimedia controller: Intel Corporation Skylake Imaging Unit (rev 01)
00:13.0 Non-VGA unclassified device: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Integrated Sensor Hub (rev 21)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 21)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem (rev 21)
00:14.3 Multimedia controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d32 (rev 01)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 21)
00:15.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1 (rev 21)
00:15.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #2 (rev 21)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI #1 (rev 21)
00:16.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d3d (rev 21)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 21)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port (rev f1)
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #8 (rev f1)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d4e (rev 21)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PMC (rev 21)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio (rev 21)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus (rev 21)
01:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
02:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
02:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
02:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
02:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
37:00.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
6c:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 (rev 78)
6d:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS525A PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
和 lsusb：
lsusb
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0bda:8153 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0424:5807 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 1532:0050 Razer USA, Ltd
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0bda:4014 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0424:2807 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 8087:0a2b Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 044e:1218 Alps Electric Co., Ltd
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
hwinfo --usb
03: USB 00.0: 10503 USB Mouse
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: POWV.+uuvZOpekiC
Parent ID: k4bc.2DFUsyrieMD
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-9/1-9:1.0
SysFS BusID: 1-9:1.0
Hardware Class: mouse
Model: "USB Dongle for Razer Lancehead"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1532 "Razer USA, Ltd"
Device: usb 0x005a "USB Dongle for Razer Lancehead"
Revision: "2.00"
Compatible to: int 0x0210 0x0015
Driver: "usbhid"
Driver Modules: "usbhid"
Device File: /dev/input/mice (/dev/input/mouse0)
Device Files: /dev/input/mice, /dev/input/mouse0, /dev/input/event5, /dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_USB_Dongle_for_Razer_Lancehead-event-mouse, /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:9:1.0-event-mouse, /dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_USB_Dongle_for_Razer_Lancehead-mouse, /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:9:1.0-mouse
Device Number: char 13:63 (char 13:32)
Speed: 12 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v1532p005Ad0200dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc01ip02in00"
Driver Info #0:
Buttons: 5
Wheels: 1
XFree86 Protocol: explorerps/2
GPM Protocol: exps2
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #14 (Hub)
04: USB 00.1: 0401 Multimedia audio controller
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: JKDt.A+UETb5j1v1
Parent ID: KRJj.mzrV6H7iCbA
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:02.0/0000:37:00.0/usb3/3-1/3-1.5/3-1.5:1.1
SysFS BusID: 3-1.5:1.1
Hardware Class: sound
Model: "Realtek USB Audio"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x0bda "Realtek Semiconductor Corp."
Device: usb 0x4014 "USB Audio"
Revision: "0.05"
Serial ID: "200901010001"
Driver: "snd-usb-audio"
Driver Modules: "snd_usb_audio"
Speed: 480 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v0BDAp4014d0005dc00dsc00dp00ic01isc02ip00in01"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #11 (Hub)
05: USB 00.0: 10503 USB Mouse
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: cLrx.E1ssW4L74M7
Parent ID: k4bc.2DFUsyrieMD
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0
SysFS BusID: 1-2:1.0
Hardware Class: mouse
Model: "Alps Electric Alps Touchpad"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x044e "Alps Electric Co., Ltd"
Device: usb 0x1218 "Alps Touchpad"
Revision: "6.05"
Compatible to: int 0x0210 0x0001
Driver: "usbhid"
Driver Modules: "usbhid"
Device File: /dev/input/mice (/dev/input/mouse1)
Device Files: /dev/input/mice, /dev/input/mouse1, /dev/input/event12, /dev/input/by-id/usb-Alps_Alps_Touchpad-event-mouse, /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0-event-mouse, /dev/input/by-id/usb-Alps_Alps_Touchpad-mouse, /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0-mouse
Device Number: char 13:63 (char 13:33)
Speed: 12 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v044Ep1218d0605dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc01ip02in00"
Driver Info #0:
Buttons: 1
Wheels: 0
XFree86 Protocol: explorerps/2
GPM Protocol: exps2
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #14 (Hub)
06: USB 00.0: 10a00 Hub
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: uIhY.dFBsQFTOFD6
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:02.0/0000:37:00.0/usb3/3-0:1.0
SysFS BusID: 3-0:1.0
Hardware Class: hub
Model: "Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1d6b "Linux Foundation"
Device: usb 0x0002 "2.0 root hub"
Revision: "4.15"
Serial ID: "0000:37:00.0"
Driver: "hub"
Driver Modules: "usbcore"
Speed: 480 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v1D6Bp0002d0415dc09dsc00dp01ic09isc00ip00in00"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
07: USB 00.0: 0200 Ethernet controller
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: EEKG.xnYl+YUVZVC
Parent ID: PYMB.WSevIRkAXq9
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:02.0/0000:37:00.0/usb4/4-1/4-1.2/4-1.2:1.0
SysFS BusID: 4-1.2:1.0
Hardware Class: network
Model: "Realtek RTL8153 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x0bda "Realtek Semiconductor Corp."
Device: usb 0x8153 "RTL8153 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter"
Revision: "30.11"
Serial ID: "000002000000"
Driver: "r8152"
Driver Modules: "r8152"
Device File: enxe4b97ac6387a
HW Address: e4:b9:7a:c6:38:7a
Permanent HW Address: e4:b9:7a:c6:38:7a
Link detected: no
Module Alias: "usb:v0BDAp8153d3011dc00dsc00dp00icFFiscFFip00in00"
Driver Info #0:
Driver Status: r8152 is active
Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe r8152"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #15 (Hub)
08: USB 00.1: 0000 Unclassified device
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: sZmZ.F1ZquY2RN29
Parent ID: k4bc.2DFUsyrieMD
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-9/1-9:1.1
SysFS BusID: 1-9:1.1
Hardware Class: unknown
Model: "USB Dongle for Razer Lancehead"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1532 "Razer USA, Ltd"
Device: usb 0x005a "USB Dongle for Razer Lancehead"
Revision: "2.00"
Driver: "usbhid"
Driver Modules: "usbhid"
Device File: /dev/input/event6
Device Files: /dev/input/event6, /dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_USB_Dongle_for_Razer_Lancehead-if01-event-kbd, /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:9:1.1-event-kbd
Device Number: char 13:70
Speed: 12 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v1532p005Ad0200dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc00ip01in01"
Driver Info #0:
Driver Status: usbhid is active
Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe usbhid"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #14 (Hub)
10: USB 00.0: 11500 Bluetooth Device
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: X7GA.GS0ueMFUyi1
Parent ID: k4bc.2DFUsyrieMD
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0
SysFS BusID: 1-7:1.0
Hardware Class: bluetooth
Model: "Intel Bluetooth Device"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x8087 "Intel Corp."
Device: usb 0x0a2b
Revision: "0.10"
Driver: "btusb"
Driver Modules: "btusb"
Speed: 12 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v8087p0A2Bd0010dcE0dsc01dp01icE0isc01ip01in00"
Driver Info #0:
Driver Status: btusb is active
Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe btusb"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #14 (Hub)
11: USB 00.0: 10a00 Hub
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: KRJj.mzrV6H7iCbA
Parent ID: uIhY.dFBsQFTOFD6
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:02.0/0000:37:00.0/usb3/3-1/3-1:1.0
SysFS BusID: 3-1:1.0
Hardware Class: hub
Model: "Standard Microsystems USB2807 Hub"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x0424 "Standard Microsystems Corp."
Device: usb 0x2807 "USB2807 Hub"
Revision: "2.04"
Driver: "hub"
Driver Modules: "usbcore"
Speed: 480 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v0424p2807d0204dc09dsc00dp02ic09isc00ip02in00"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #6 (Hub)
12: USB 00.0: 10a00 Hub
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: zPk0.WbJ3tCF4BRF
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:02.0/0000:37:00.0/usb4/4-0:1.0
SysFS BusID: 4-0:1.0
Hardware Class: hub
Model: "Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1d6b "Linux Foundation"
Device: usb 0x0003 "3.0 root hub"
Revision: "4.15"
Serial ID: "0000:37:00.0"
Driver: "hub"
Driver Modules: "usbcore"
Module Alias: "usb:v1D6Bp0003d0415dc09dsc00dp03ic09isc00ip00in00"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
14: USB 00.0: 10a00 Hub
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: k4bc.2DFUsyrieMD
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-0:1.0
SysFS BusID: 1-0:1.0
Hardware Class: hub
Model: "Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1d6b "Linux Foundation"
Device: usb 0x0002 "2.0 root hub"
Revision: "4.15"
Serial ID: "0000:00:14.0"
Driver: "hub"
Driver Modules: "usbcore"
Speed: 480 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v1D6Bp0002d0415dc09dsc00dp01ic09isc00ip00in00"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
15: USB 00.0: 10a00 Hub
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: PYMB.WSevIRkAXq9
Parent ID: zPk0.WbJ3tCF4BRF
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:02.0/0000:37:00.0/usb4/4-1/4-1:1.0
SysFS BusID: 4-1:1.0
Hardware Class: hub
Model: "Standard Microsystems USB5807 Hub"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x0424 "Standard Microsystems Corp."
Device: usb 0x5807 "USB5807 Hub"
Revision: "2.04"
Driver: "hub"
Driver Modules: "usbcore"
Module Alias: "usb:v0424p5807d0204dc09dsc00dp03ic09isc00ip00in00"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #12 (Hub)
16: USB 00.2: 10800 Keyboard
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: Jl0e.WwTgX0FrS+E
Parent ID: k4bc.2DFUsyrieMD
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-9/1-9:1.2
SysFS BusID: 1-9:1.2
Hardware Class: keyboard
Model: "USB Dongle for Razer Lancehead"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1532 "Razer USA, Ltd"
Device: usb 0x005a "USB Dongle for Razer Lancehead"
Revision: "2.00"
Driver: "usbhid"
Driver Modules: "usbhid"
Device File: /dev/input/event7
Device Files: /dev/input/event7, /dev/input/by-id/usb-Razer_USB_Dongle_for_Razer_Lancehead-if02-event-kbd, /dev/input/by-path/pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:9:1.2-event-kbd
Device Number: char 13:71
Speed: 12 Mbps
Module Alias: "usb:v1532p005Ad0200dc00dsc00dp00ic03isc01ip01in02"
Driver Info #0:
XkbRules: xfree86
XkbModel: pc104
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
Attached to: #14 (Hub)
19: USB 00.0: 10a00 Hub
[Created at usb.122]
Unique ID: pBe4.xYNhIwdOaa6
SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-0:1.0
SysFS BusID: 2-0:1.0
Hardware Class: hub
Model: "Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub"
Hotplug: USB
Vendor: usb 0x1d6b "Linux Foundation"
Device: usb 0x0003 "3.0 root hub"
Revision: "4.15"
Serial ID: "0000:00:14.0"
Driver: "hub"
Driver Modules: "usbcore"
Module Alias: "usb:v1D6Bp0003d0415dc09dsc00dp03ic09isc00ip00in00"
Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
网络摄像头的标签为
Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Integrated_Webcam_HD，但我没有找到太多关于可能需要哪些驱动程序或是否需要驱动程序的信息。我没有在平板电脑上看到用于激活相机的组合键。
戴尔似乎有Ubuntu 指南。
编辑：我联系了戴尔客户支持，他们认为没有适用于 Linux 的 5290 二合一网络摄像头的驱动程序。呃，好吧。我现在将在没有网络摄像头的情况下使用它。
我正在尝试使用 mpd 从我的 Android 手机控制我的立体声音响。我有一个通过 USB -> Toslink -> DSP -> amps 路由连接到立体声系统的 Ubuntu 16.04 盒子。我正在尝试通过 mpd 守护进程来驱动 jackd。. . 我遇到了一些麻烦。
到目前为止，我已经能够：
1) 让 mpd 在我的 Ubuntu 机器上本地播放音乐。MPDroid（在我的手机上）在这个级别上与 mpd 配合得很好，在我的 Ubuntu 盒子上驱动音乐。
2) 使用 jack-plumbing 和 mplayer 通过 Ubuntu 盒子中的插孔驱动我的立体声系统。
我强烈怀疑我的问题是我不明白 mpd.conf 需要什么来驱动千斤顶。
这是我当前的 mpd.conf audio_output 部分：
audio_output {
type "jack"
name "my JACK device"
device "hw:1,0"
autostart "yes"
destination_ports "playback_9, playback_10"
}
我选择了destination_ports 9 和10，因为这会产生一个Toslink 信号。但我强烈怀疑这是我的格式不正确。
以及在本地播放的版本：
audio_output {
type "alsa"
name "My ALSA Device"
device "hw:0,0" # optional
mixer_type "hardware" # optional
mixer_device "default" # optional
mixer_control "PCM" # optional
mixer_index "0" # optional
}
以下是一些可能会有所帮助的事情。jack-plumbing 可以很好地将 mplayer 输出连接到我的 USB 音频设备。有效的 .jack-plumbing 文件是：
(connect "MPlayer \[[0-9]+\]:out_0" "system:playback_9")
(connect "MPlayer \[[0-9]+\]:out_1" "system:playback_10")
aplay -l 输出：
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC269VC Analog [ALC269VC Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: USBStreamer [USBStreamer], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
我发现在线 mpd 可用的文档有点难以阅读，而且在将它与 jackd 一起使用时往往会变得有点模糊。有什么建议吗？我想我犯了一个非常简单的错误。谢谢你的帮助。
编辑：使用 /etc/mpd.conf 中 mpd.conf 的“jack”版本，我将其作为“sudo systemctl status mpd”命令的输出：
● mpd.service - Music Player Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-07-03 23:58:34 PDT; 52s ago
Main PID: 3651 (mpd)
CGroup: /system.slice/mpd.service
└─3651 /usr/bin/mpd --no-daemon
Jul 03 23:58:34 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 systemd[1]: Started Music Player Daemon.
Jul 03 23:58:38 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 pulseaudio[3665]: [pulseaudio] module-jackdbus-detect.c: Unable to contact D-Bus session bus: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported: Unable to autolaunch a dbus-daemon without a $DISPLAY for X11
Jul 03 23:58:38 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 pulseaudio[3665]: [pulseaudio] module.c: Failed to load module "module-jackdbus-detect" (argument: "channels=2"): initialization failed.
Jul 03 23:58:38 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 pulseaudio[3665]: [pulseaudio] main.c: Module load failed.
Jul 03 23:58:38 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 pulseaudio[3665]: [pulseaudio] server-lookup.c: Unable to contact D-Bus: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported: Unable to autolaunch a dbus-daemon without a $DISPLAY for X11
Jul 03 23:58:38 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 pulseaudio[3665]: [pulseaudio] main.c: Unable to contact D-Bus: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported: Unable to autolaunch a dbus-daemon without a $DISPLAY for X11
Jul 03 23:58:38 rybu-ThinkPad-W530 pulseaudio[3665]: [pulseaudio] bluez5-util.c: GetManagedObjects() failed: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.177" (uid=122 pid=3665 comm="/usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog ") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" member="GetManagedObjects" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination="org.bluez" (uid=0 pid=1018 comm="/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd ")
我想我应该提到另一件事。安装 mpd 后，我的系统启动时间明显变慢了。有时它看起来像计算机什么都不做，所以我再次重新启动系统。有时需要 3 次重新启动才能进入登录提示。
编辑2：也许我可以通过完全避免杰克来解决这个问题。这是 /var/lib/alsa/asound.state 文件，与我的 usbaudio 设备相关的部分：
state.USBStreamer {
control.1 {
iface PCM
name 'Playback Channel Map'
value.0 0
value.1 0
value.2 0
value.3 0
value.4 0
value.5 0
value.6 0
value.7 0
value.8 0
value.9 0
comment {
access read
type INTEGER
count 10
range '0 - 36'
}
}
control.2 {
iface PCM
name 'Capture Channel Map'
value.0 0
value.1 0
value.2 0
value.3 0
value.4 0
value.5 0
value.6 0
value.7 0
value.8 0
value.9 0
comment {
access read
type INTEGER
count 10
range '0 - 36'
}
}
control.3 {
iface MIXER
name 'USBStreamer Output Playback Switch'
value.0 true
value.1 true
value.2 true
value.3 true
value.4 true
value.5 true
value.6 true
value.7 true
value.8 true
value.9 true
comment {
access 'read write'
type BOOLEAN
count 10
}
}
control.4 {
iface MIXER
name 'USBStreamer Output Playback Switch'
index 1
value true
comment {
access 'read write'
type BOOLEAN
count 1
}
}
control.5 {
iface MIXER
name 'USBStreamer Output Playback Volume'
value.0 255
value.1 255
value.2 255
value.3 255
value.4 255
value.5 255
value.6 255
value.7 255
value.8 255
value.9 255
comment {
access 'read write'
type INTEGER
count 10
range '0 - 255'
dbmin -12750
dbmax 0
dbvalue.0 0
dbvalue.1 0
dbvalue.2 0
dbvalue.3 0
dbvalue.4 0
dbvalue.5 0
dbvalue.6 0
dbvalue.7 0
dbvalue.8 0
dbvalue.9 0
}
}
control.6 {
iface MIXER
name 'USBStreamer Output Playback Volume'
index 1
value 152
comment {
access 'read write'
type INTEGER
count 1
range '0 - 255'
dbmin -12750
dbmax 0
dbvalue.0 -5150
}
}
control.7 {
iface MIXER
name 'USBStreamer Clock Selector'
value 'USBStreamer Internal Clock'
comment {
access 'read write'
type ENUMERATED
count 1
item.0 'USBStreamer Internal Clock'
item.1 'USBStreamer TOSLINK Clock'
}
}
control.8 {
iface MIXER
name 'Mic Capture Switch'
value.0 true
value.1 true
value.2 true
value.3 true
value.4 true
value.5 true
value.6 true
value.7 true
value.8 true
value.9 true
comment {
access 'read write'
type BOOLEAN
count 10
}
}
control.9 {
iface MIXER
name 'Mic Capture Switch'
index 1
value true
comment {
access 'read write'
type BOOLEAN
count 1
}
}
control.10 {
iface MIXER
name 'Mic Capture Volume'
value.0 255
value.1 255
value.2 255
value.3 255
value.4 255
value.5 255
value.6 255
value.7 255
value.8 255
value.9 255
comment {
access 'read write'
type INTEGER
count 10
range '0 - 255'
dbmin -12750
dbmax 0
dbvalue.0 0
dbvalue.1 0
dbvalue.2 0
dbvalue.3 0
dbvalue.4 0
dbvalue.5 0
dbvalue.6 0
dbvalue.7 0
dbvalue.8 0
dbvalue.9 0
}
}
control.11 {
iface MIXER
name 'Mic Capture Volume'
index 1
value 255
comment {
access 'read write'
type INTEGER
count 1
range '0 - 255'
dbmin -12750
dbmax 0
dbvalue.0 0
}
}
如果我没看错的话，看起来相关的音频输出通道可能被静音了？通道 8 和 9 是通过 Toslink 电缆与音频输出相关的通道，所以我怀疑我需要修改这些值，也许我可以从 mpd 直接输出 ALSA。
奇怪的是，如果我删除 asound.state，然后使用“sudo alsactl store”命令重新创建它，则通道映射完全不同：
state.USBStreamer {
control.1 {
iface PCM
name 'Playback Channel Map'
value.0 3
value.1 4
value.2 7
value.3 8
value.4 5
value.5 6
value.6 12
value.7 13
value.8 11
value.9 9
comment {
access read
type INTEGER
count 10
range '0 - 36'
}
}
但它仍然不发出声音。
我正在考虑的另一件事是，由于 JACK可以播放到我的 usbstreamer，并且它正在使用 ALSA，所以也许我可以弄清楚它与 ALSA 一起使用的设置，然后复制它们。/proc/asound/card1 目录有这张卡的当前设置，所以我开始用 jack 和 mplayer 播放它，然后读取文件。
流0：
miniDSP USBStreamer at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, high speed : USB Audio
Playback:
Status: Running
Interface = 1
Altset = 1
Packet Size = 280
Momentary freq = 44100 Hz (0x5.8330)
Feedback Format = 16.16
Interface 1
Altset 1
Format: S32_LE
Channels: 10
Endpoint: 1 OUT (ASYNC)
Rates: 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000
Data packet interval: 125 us
Capture:
Status: Running
Interface = 2
Altset = 1
Packet Size = 280
Momentary freq = 44100 Hz (0x5.8333)
Interface 2
Altset 1
Format: S32_LE
Channels: 10
Endpoint: 2 IN (ASYNC)
Rates: 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000
Data packet interval: 125 us
USB总线：
003/005
USB混音器：
USB Mixer: usb_id=0x27520016, ctrlif=0, ctlerr=0
Card: miniDSP USBStreamer at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, high speed
Unit: 10
Control: name="USBStreamer Output Playback Volume", index=1
Info: id=10, control=2, cmask=0x0, channels=1, type="S16"
Volume: min=-32640, max=0, dBmin=-12750, dBmax=0
Unit: 10
Control: name="USBStreamer Output Playback Volume", index=0
Info: id=10, control=2, cmask=0x3ff, channels=10, type="S16"
Volume: min=-32640, max=0, dBmin=-12750, dBmax=0
Unit: 10
Control: name="USBStreamer Output Playback Switch", index=1
Info: id=10, control=1, cmask=0x0, channels=1, type="INV_BOOLEAN"
Volume: min=0, max=1, dBmin=0, dBmax=0
Unit: 10
Control: name="USBStreamer Output Playback Switch", index=0
Info: id=10, control=1, cmask=0x3ff, channels=10, type="INV_BOOLEAN"
Volume: min=0, max=1, dBmin=0, dBmax=0
Unit: 11
Control: name="Mic Capture Volume", index=1
Info: id=11, control=2, cmask=0x0, channels=1, type="S16"
Volume: min=-32640, max=0, dBmin=-12750, dBmax=0
Unit: 11
Control: name="Mic Capture Volume", index=0
Info: id=11, control=2, cmask=0x3ff, channels=10, type="S16"
Volume: min=-32640, max=0, dBmin=-12750, dBmax=0
Unit: 11
Control: name="Mic Capture Switch", index=1
Info: id=11, control=1, cmask=0x0, channels=1, type="INV_BOOLEAN"
Volume: min=0, max=1, dBmin=0, dBmax=0
Unit: 11
Control: name="Mic Capture Switch", index=0
Info: id=11, control=1, cmask=0x3ff, channels=10, type="INV_BOOLEAN"
Volume: min=0, max=1, dBmin=0, dBmax=0
Unit: 40
Control: name="USBStreamer Clock Selector", index=0
Info: id=40, control=1, cmask=0x0, channels=1, type="U8"
Volume: min=1, max=2, dBmin=0, dBmax=0
pcm0p/信息：
card: 1
device: 0
subdevice: 0
stream: PLAYBACK
id: USB Audio
name: USB Audio
subname: subdevice #0
class: 0
subclass: 0
subdevices_count: 1
subdevices_avail: 0
pcm0p/sub0/hw_params：
access: MMAP_INTERLEAVED
format: S32_LE
subformat: STD
channels: 10
rate: 44100 (44100/1)
period_size: 1024
buffer_size: 2048
pcm0p/sub0/信息
card: 1
device: 0
subdevice: 0
stream: PLAYBACK
id: USB Audio
name: USB Audio
subname: subdevice #0
class: 0
subclass: 0
subdevices_count: 1
subdevices_avail: 0
pcm0p/sub0/状态
state: RUNNING
owner_pid : 12545
trigger_time: 50245.966761737
tstamp : 0.000000000
delay : 2010
avail : 72
avail_max : 1029
-----
hw_ptr : 325870664
appl_ptr : 325872640
pcm0p/sub0/sw_params：
tstamp_mode: NONE
period_step: 1
avail_min: 1024
start_threshold: 0
stop_threshold: 2048
silence_threshold: 0
silence_size: 0
boundary: 4611686018427387904
嗯，如果频道的信息在里面，那就巧妙地隐藏了！
Volker Schatz 描述了设置 ALSA 设备以切换频道。看起来它的完成方式与仅使用播放通道图不同：
http://www.volkerschatz.com/noise/alsa.html
ttable 似乎是用于通道混合的设备，如果您使用整数条目（0 和 1），则用于通道切换。最后，这开始有意义了。ij 符号是对坐标，描述方阵的条目。
编辑：一些进展。“aplay -L”命令给出设备名称列表。对于这个 usbstreamer，它提供：
sysdefault:CARD=USBStreamer
USBStreamer, USB Audio
Default Audio Device
front:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
Front speakers
surround21:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
2.1 Surround output to Front and Subwoofer speakers
surround40:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers
surround41:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers
surround50:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers
surround51:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers
surround71:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers
iec958:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output
dmix:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
Direct sample mixing device
dsnoop:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
Direct sample snooping device
hw:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
Direct hardware device without any conversions
plughw:CARD=USBStreamer,DEV=0
USBStreamer, USB Audio
Hardware device with all software conversions
这些设备名称非常方便，您可以从这里运行命令：
speaker-test -c 10 -t sin -F S32_LE -D front:USBStreamer
它贯穿该设备上的所有扬声器。通道 8 和 9（如预期）分别在左右扬声器上产生正弦波声音。
所以我认为这意味着我应该能够使用 asound.state 中的 ttable 结构将 ALSA 直接输出到我的扬声器。我想 Playback Channel Map 也可能允许这样做，但是经过相当多的摆弄之后，我不清楚如何使它工作。
更新：
我将 asound.state 文件的 control.1 部分修改为：
control.1 {
iface PCM
name 'Playback Channel Map'
value.0 0
value.1 0
value.2 0
value.3 0
value.4 0
value.5 0
value.6 0
value.7 0
value.8 3
value.9 4
comment {
access read
type INTEGER
count 10
range '0 - 36'
}
}
它几乎可以工作。Mplayer 不会播放到 alsa:device=hw=1.0 但错误消息是我向设备发送了错误的格式。ALSA认为该设备只接受 S32LE。从技术上讲，我认为它是 S24LE 设备。我会联系制造商来解决这个问题。
所以我在 mplayer 命令行中添加了 -format s32le ，然后扬声器就出来了！只是，有点乱。它播放得太快了，而且。. . 其他事情正在发生。有某种频率失真。我怀疑正在发生的事情是它正在发送 s16le 数据，就好像它是 s32le 数据一样，所以有一点数据的洗牌（时间上）和音高变化，而且播放速度太快。
所以现在要让它工作，我需要知道如何将 s16le 数据转换为正确的 s24le，然后将其格式化为 s32le，这样 USB 设备就可以使用了。
更新：
speaker-test -c 10 -t sin -D plughw:USBStreamer
工作正常，并将 S16_LE 转换为 S32_LE。
很遗憾，
aplay -Dplughw:USBStreamer ./blah.wav
不起作用。_ 也许此设备的通道映射已关闭？
Deadbeef软件可以轻松播放到 usbstreamer。我给它 hw:USBStreamer 设备，并告诉它进行所有 8->16->24 位转换，它就像一个魅力。
有没有人通过miniDSP usbstreamer b 单元成功流式传输音乐？
我试图在我的笔记本电脑驱动的立体声系统中消除无关的数字->模拟转换。usbstreamer b 单元可以让我的立体声音响只进行一次数模转换。希望有一种方法可以使其与 Linux 兼容。
Ubuntu 16.04 可识别该单元，并可配置为向其发送音频。但是 usbstreamer 似乎没有生成 toslink 信号，所以我怀疑 Ubuntu 向 usbstreamer 发送了错误的数据。
我已经使用 windows 框将 usbstreamer 上的固件设置为 toslink。
编辑（1016 年 7 月 1 日）：我可以从我的笔记本电脑上播放一些声音。如果我通过 aplay 运行 ALSA 测试 wav 文件，它们就会播放。但我无法将任何其他声音广播到 usbstreamer。
有谁知道这是什么症状？aplay 有效，但没有其他系统声音被广播？特别是，我想达到可以通过流媒体播放 Rythmbox 之类的软件的地步。例如，在“声音设置”对话框（Ubuntu 默认）中，如果我将输出设置为 USBStreamer，这将导致系统声音不会发送到 usbstreamer——或者至少，不是以流媒体可以理解的方式发送的。因为他们不玩。
这是我所做的成功的事情：
aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC269VC Analog [ALC269VC Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: USBStreamer [USBStreamer], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
aplay -D plughw:1,0 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Side_Left.wav
经过一番谷歌搜索后，usb-audio 驱动程序似乎需要进行一些设置。ALSA 看到了 usbstreamer，但看起来 Ubuntu 没有现成的驱动程序并且？也许？某些东西可以与 USB 音频驱动程序拼凑在一起。看来我可能必须设置一个 .asoundrc 文件。这些页面似乎特别相关：
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuStudio/UsbAudioDevices
http://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Matrix:Module-usb-audio
编辑2：
最后，我正在使用 mplayer 播放音乐，从我的 linux 笔记本电脑到我的扬声器，通过 usbstreamer 和 minidsp 4x10hd 单元。
我不明白的关键是最好不要将pulseaudio与高端扬声器一起使用。. . Linux 社区很久以前就知道了。因此，他们开发了一种独特的音频接口，称为 Jack。
我还没有弄清楚所有的怪癖，但是“Jack 音频连接套件”有一个很好的 GUI 来设置音频接口。mplayer 将直接流式传输到插孔。
所以我所有的音乐现在都可以正常播放了。嗯，现在我可能不得不以更高的采样率来翻录我所有的音乐......
一旦我一切顺利，我会发布一些希望更容易理解的东西，也许是一个答案。