Aephir's questions

我想在网络接口中“清理”。如果我运行ip addr，我会得到以下列表（见文章底部）。

#2 和 #3 是我的 2 个物理网卡（#2 当前未插入），我在我的 netplan 配置中自己创建了 #5 和 #6。#10 ( docker0) 对我来说也很有意义。

然而，其他大多数对我来说完全是个谜（例如，所有的虚拟以太网）。

有没有办法查看创建它们的服务以及它们是否正在使用？本质上，我是否可以安全地删除它们。我有点犹豫要不要sudo ip link delete INTERFACE在不了解他们的情况下开始。

输出brctl show：

bridge name bridge id       STP enabled interfaces
br-870fc0691e90     8000.0242670e67e3   no      veth3c7caf7
br-c43d0708a05e     8000.0242db5a4d9f   no      veth447ed70
br-f32d9d8a97b7     8000.024225ae37b1   no      veth0174902
                            veth0b62e6b
                            veth3965e56
                            veth52593cf
                            veth589e856
                            veth6acd0d3
                            veth74d8b27
                            vethb06ec0c
                            vethb71f188
                            vethcd3e855
                            vethe5a1aae
                            vetheb8ac27
                            vethff7a086
br0     8000.329db9331ed5   yes     eno1
                            vnet0
docker0     8000.0242c78c0ee3   no
virbr0      8000.5254002797d6   yes

输出ip addr：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:21:5e:c6:43:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp11s0f0
3: eno2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:21:5e:c6:43:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp11s0f1
4: enx02215eca3baf: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 02:21:5e:ca:3b:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 32:9d:b9:33:1e:d5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.30.21/24 metric 100 brd 10.0.30.255 scope global dynamic br0
       valid_lft 76838sec preferred_lft 76838sec
    inet6 fe80::309d:b9ff:fe33:1ed5/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: vlan40@eno2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state LOWERLAYERDOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:21:5e:c6:43:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:27:97:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: vnet0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br0 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether fe:54:00:26:69:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe26:6940/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: br-870fc0691e90: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 02:42:67:0e:67:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.20.0.1/16 brd 172.20.255.255 scope global br-870fc0691e90
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:67ff:fe0e:67e3/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
    link/ether 02:42:c7:8c:0e:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: br-c43d0708a05e: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 02:42:db:5a:4d:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.11.0.1/24 brd 172.11.0.255 scope global br-c43d0708a05e
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:dbff:fe5a:4d9f/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: br-f32d9d8a97b7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 02:42:25:ae:37:b1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.21.0.1/16 brd 172.21.255.255 scope global br-f32d9d8a97b7
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:25ff:feae:37b1/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
14: vethb06ec0c@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 72:08:f7:98:75:d2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 4
    inet6 fe80::7008:f7ff:fe98:75d2/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
16: veth3c7caf7@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-870fc0691e90 state UP group default
    link/ether 2a:fb:a7:23:ef:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 2
    inet6 fe80::28fb:a7ff:fe23:efa5/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: veth447ed70@if17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-c43d0708a05e state UP group default
    link/ether ca:3a:29:a8:ba:bd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet6 fe80::c83a:29ff:fea8:babd/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
20: vethe5a1aae@if19: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether a2:c1:db:43:c0:bd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 5
    inet6 fe80::a0c1:dbff:fe43:c0bd/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
22: veth52593cf@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether ca:67:51:81:95:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 3
    inet6 fe80::c867:51ff:fe81:95c5/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
24: veth74d8b27@if23: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 92:fa:e9:b0:13:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::90fa:e9ff:feb0:13d7/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
26: vethb71f188@if25: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 0e:0e:da:df:15:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 6
    inet6 fe80::c0e:daff:fedf:1598/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
28: veth0174902@if27: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 7e:e0:b1:76:d9:47 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 7
    inet6 fe80::7ce0:b1ff:fe76:d947/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth3965e56@if29: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether b2:ca:05:df:1c:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 9
    inet6 fe80::b0ca:5ff:fedf:1caf/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
34: vethff7a086@if33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 6a:97:34:da:5d:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 10
    inet6 fe80::6897:34ff:feda:5d2f/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
36: vetheb8ac27@if35: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether f2:d3:47:65:5c:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 11
    inet6 fe80::f0d3:47ff:fe65:5cb0/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
38: veth0b62e6b@if37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 4e:05:42:a2:62:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 12
    inet6 fe80::4c05:42ff:fea2:623d/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
40: veth6acd0d3@if39: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether b2:7e:7c:8c:85:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 13
    inet6 fe80::b07e:7cff:fe8c:85b3/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
42: veth589e856@if41: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether 0a:4e:7c:29:ba:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 14
    inet6 fe80::84e:7cff:fe29:ba3a/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
72: vethcd3e855@if71: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-f32d9d8a97b7 state UP group default
    link/ether f6:24:c0:75:e6:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 8
    inet6 fe80::f424:c0ff:fe75:e624/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

这是 Ubuntu 服务器 LTS 22.04。

我的问题基本上是，当尝试在 vlan 接口上使用网桥时，我的虚拟机没有网络，我不确定我错过了什么。

我已经尝试了示例中详述的设置。以及许多其他指南。这是我目前的网络计划.yaml（尽管我尝试了各种定义addresses、、gateway4和nameservers的组合，但没有成功）：

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eno1:
      dhcp4: true
    eno2:
      dhcp4: true
  bridges:
    br0:
      dhcp4: true
      interfaces: [ vlan15 ]
      parameters:
        forward-delay: 0
        stp: true
  vlans:
    vlan15:
      id: 15
      link: eno1

我想保持eno2不变，所以我总是有一个后备（没有连接显示器）。在我的 DHCP 服务器中，我设置了 eno1 = 192.168.0.100 和 eno2 = 192.168.0.101。

我在路由器中的 LAN 设置为 192.180.0.0/22（我试图通过 192.168.1.x 范围内的虚拟机，但不是必需的）。

我已经建立了网桥，并激活了它：

~$ brctl show
bridge name bridge id           STP enabled interfaces
br0         8000.00215ec64304   yes         vlan15
                                            vnet0

（我几乎可以肯定在vnet0我启动 VM 之前没有关联）

和

~$ virsh net-list --all
 Name      State    Autostart   Persistent
--------------------------------------------
 br0       active   yes         yes
 default   active   yes         yes

ip a显示两者br0并vlan15链接到 的 MAC eno1。在 VM ( /etc/libvirt/qemu/hassos.xml) 的 .xml 文件中，它显示在“接口”下：

    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:26:69:40'/>
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>

我最初设置它br0直接链接到eno1，所以我virt-install在开始创建 vlan 之前做了，以防万一。但是每当我这样做时，我都会重新启动虚拟机sudo netplan apply。

我能得到的最接近（不是很接近，只是发生了一些事情）是当我在 上定义 aaddresses: 192.168.1.115时br0，我可以使用这个地址和相应的端口访问服务器上的某些东西。只是不是虚拟机（而是直接在服务器上运行在 docker 中的“克隆”）。在那种情况下，它似乎br0被用于服务器上的任何东西？

我正在使用 Ubuntu Server LTS 20.04。

万一这很重要，我（根据其他建议）禁用了网桥的 netfilter，如此处所述。

编辑：我通过创建一个 br0.xml 文件为 libvirt 设置了桥：

<network>
  <name>br0</name>
  <forward mode="bridge"/>
  <bridge name="br0"/>
</network>

并添加：

virsh net-define br0.xml
virsh net-start br0
virst net-autostart br0

我还尝试过更复杂的 .xml 文件，例如

<network>
  <name>br1</name>
  <forward mode='nat'>
    <nat>
      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name='br1' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <ip address='192.168.1.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.1.101' end='192.168.1.150'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

并使用 192.168。1个.X地址，我可以从libvirt中分配IP，但我无法从外部访问。如果我改为使用 192.168。0 .X 地址，尝试启动时出错：

error: Failed to start network br1
error: internal error: Network is already in use by interface eno2

这与设置 192.168 无关。0 .X IP 在 DHCP 池内或外，与设置 192.168 无关。1 .X IP 作为 DHCP 分配与否。

我认为top显示了 CPU（和内存）上的负载有多大。对显示>275% CPU 使用率的结果感到困惑（请参阅top底部的输出），我在文档中阅读了一些内容，看起来它只显示了每个进程的比率，而不是总“CPU 容量”的百分比在使用中（当然只能在 0% 和 100% 之间）？

%CPU累计超过 100%意味着什么？

以及如何查看 CPU 的实际（百分比）负载？经过一番搜索，我找到了一堆工具，但据我所知，我发现的工具似乎都没有显示实际的 CPU 负载。

如果重要的话，我正在运行 Ubuntu Server LTS 20.04，输出cat /proc/cpuinfo为：

processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1615.379
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 1
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1668.215
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 1
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 2
initial apicid  : 2
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 2
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1667.235
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 2
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 4
initial apicid  : 4
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 3
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1621.111
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 3
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 6
initial apicid  : 6
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 4
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1632.964
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 16
initial apicid  : 16
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 5
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1621.480
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 1
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 18
initial apicid  : 18
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 6
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1621.677
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 2
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 20
initial apicid  : 20
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 7
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1649.525
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 3
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 22
initial apicid  : 22
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 8
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1651.279
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 1
initial apicid  : 1
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 9
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1662.240
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 1
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 3
initial apicid  : 3
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 10
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1648.160
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 2
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 5
initial apicid  : 5
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 11
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1617.654
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 8
core id     : 3
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 7
initial apicid  : 7
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.70
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 12
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1687.306
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 17
initial apicid  : 17
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 13
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1724.242
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 1
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 19
initial apicid  : 19
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 14
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1654.071
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 2
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 21
initial apicid  : 21
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 15
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 26
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU           E5520  @ 2.27GHz
stepping    : 5
microcode   : 0x1d
cpu MHz     : 1612.267
cache size  : 8192 KB
physical id : 1
siblings    : 8
core id     : 3
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 23
initial apicid  : 23
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm dca sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm flush_l1d
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit
bogomips    : 4533.69
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

输出top：

top - 08:03:23 up 16 days, 10:02,  1 user,  load average: 1.89, 1.41, 1.27
Tasks: 350 total,   2 running, 348 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.1 us,  2.6 sy,  0.0 ni, 80.9 id,  1.2 wa,  0.0 hi,  1.2 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :  96663.9 total,  15820.4 free,  13078.2 used,  67765.3 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   8192.0 total,   8192.0 free,      0.0 used.  82751.8 avail Mem

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
1453132 libvirt+  20   0   11.3g   8.2g  22896 S 241.5   8.6 322:27.67 qemu-system-x86
1458479 root      20   0  112428  46848   8760 S  14.0   0.0 115:45.19 appdaemon
 637167 aephir    20   0 2974828   1.3g  14196 S  12.0   1.4 966:11.92 java
 729918 libvirt+  20   0 9159180   2.2g  21752 S   5.0   2.4 219:24.44 qemu-system-x86
 713812 root      20   0 1045648 500888  41036 S   1.7   0.5 150:49.27 python3
4127973 root      20   0  481696  54000  34416 S   1.7   0.1 116:21.96 deCONZ
    118 root      25   5       0      0      0 S   0.7   0.0  94:22.52 ksmd
   1005 avahi     20   0    8872   4340   3564 S   0.3   0.0   9:14.64 avahi-daemon
...

我正在尝试在我的Ubuntu Server LTS 20.04. 我并不是真正的虚拟化专家，但我尝试安装：

$ virt-install --name=windows10 --vcpus=4 --memory=8192\
--cdrom=/mnt/data/iso/Win10_20H2_v2_EnglishInternational_x64.iso\
--disk /mnt/data/vm-images/win10-vm,size=50,format=qcow2,bus=virtio\
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio --os-type=win10 --os-variant=win10\
--graphics vnc

但是得到以下警告，它挂在Waiting for installation to complete.（可能是因为我需要访问 Windows GUI 才能实际安装？）。

WARNING  Graphics requested but DISPLAY is not set. Not running virt-viewer.
WARNING  No console to launch for the guest, defaulting to --wait -1

Starting install...
Allocating 'win10-vm'                                        |  50 GB  00:00:06
Domain installation still in progress.
Waiting for installation to complete.

我的 MacBook 上有一个 VNC 客户端（macOS Big Sur 上的 TigerVNC 1.11.0），但我无法连接。一些搜索告诉我一些关于 virt-install 找不到显示器的信息（因为没有显示器连接到 Ubuntu 机器？），以及一些关于 SSH 中的 X-forwarding 的信息，但我找不到明确的指南。我能找到的指南要么在 Linux 机器上使用 GUI，要么使用virt-manager，或者安装只需要 SSH 访问的虚拟机。但是我在 CentOS（无头）上测试 oVirt 时这样做了，所以我知道这应该是可能的，但我不知道如何从 CLI（通过 SSH）做。

谁能指出我（彻底，因为我对此很陌生）指南，了解如何在我通过 SSH 访问的无头机器上安装需要 VNC 访问的 VM？

我正在尝试让我的网络准备好运行一些虚拟机。据我所知，要走的路是从我的物理以太网接口创建一堆网桥（甚至可能绑定我拥有的两个？）和一堆 vlan。同样，从我能读到的内容来看，它会是这样的：

1. Br0 - 主桥，由 Ubuntu 基本操作系统使用。
2. BrX - 其他几个网桥，每个都与一个 vlan 相关联，每个用于一个（或多个？）VM。

这是正确的，并且是一种明智的方式来直接在基本的 Ubuntu 操作系统中运行一些东西，并运行一堆虚拟机？如果是这样，我该怎么做呢？最好是“主”网桥从物理接口继承 MAC。

我看过一堆指南，但是它们的设置方式都不同，所以我有点困惑。此外，它们都没有引用我在/etc/netplan/. 我只有一个00-installer-config.yaml（但我认为它叫什么并不重要，对吧？）具有以下内容：

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    eno1:
      dhcp4: true
  version: 2

我正在运行 Ubuntu Server 20.04.1 LTS。