Ubuntu 中的 systemctl reboot 和 sudo reboot 有什么区别？systemctl reboot 可以做什么，而普通重启不能？
我试图猜测“安装”磁盘，以便我可以通过常规方式访问它，而无需进入“其他位置”，因为某些程序不允许我通过这些方式访问它。我当时正在看 Youtube 视频，现在我就像在一个全新的桌面上，或者就像所有东西都被抹掉了。此时我只需要重新安装Ubuntu，但我找不到任何类型的恢复选项，我尝试放入我原来使用的拇指驱动器并重新启动PC，我找不到任何有关终端命令的教程，我在启动时尝试了 Shift+Esc，但没有任何结果。如果这不是很明显的话，我对 Linux 还很陌生，但我明白，我一生都在 Windows 上工作，习惯了很多东西，但这些东西是无法翻译的。但告诉我我错了
检查当前运行的系统是否需要重新启动非常容易。您检查是否存在/var/run/reboot-required或/run/reboot-required。但是明天哪一个也可以工作？在我的系统上，/var/run只是一个链接/run，所以我想这里有一段历史可以解释事情。只测试安全/run/reboot-required吗？
该文件是否/var/run/reboot-required仅来自内核更新，或者如果需要，软件包的开发人员是否可以自行决定是否要创建它？
以下链接解释了它是如何创建 的（重复）：什么创建文件 /var/run/reboot-required
我最近在笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu 20.04。安装后我的系统无法重新启动并卡在黑屏。在没有响应后，我手动关闭了我的机器，然后当我启动系统时它工作正常。后来当我尝试关机时，它再次卡在黑屏，然后我不得不再次手动关闭我的机器。我的系统上也没有专用显卡。它运行英特尔高清显卡。请为我提供一些解决方案来解决此问题。
我决定最终使用软件更新程序升级到 20.04，我几乎完成了整个过程，但它冻结在
Removing obsolete conffile /etc/default/speech-dispatcher ...
我可以重新启动而不伤害任何东西吗？等待会更聪明吗？重新启动后再次尝试升级是否是个好主意？
我在台式计算机 Intel i9 Core 16Gb RAM ASUS 主板中使用 Ubuntu 20.04。有时，当我运行 OBS Studio、Skype、Chrome 等应用程序时，我的计算机会突然重启。我不知道原因，也找不到可以帮助解决此问题的合适文章。我接下来解释我的尝试，试图找出我的硬件可能存在的问题。
输入后的结果last reboot，显示我之前的 Ubuntu 运行在意外重启后显示为“仍在运行”：
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Wed Aug 26 11:00 still running
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Tue Aug 25 06:20 still running
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 24 06:38 - 00:06 (17:28)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 23 18:52 - 23:36 (04:44)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 23 06:32 - 23:36 (17:04)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Thu Aug 20 09:42 - 18:17 (2+08:35)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 17 21:55 - 22:22 (00:26)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 17 09:22 - 21:55 (12:33)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 17 09:00 - 21:55 (12:54)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 17 08:55 - 21:55 (12:59)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 17 05:56 - 07:37 (01:40)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Mon Aug 17 05:34 - 07:37 (02:02)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 21:09 - 00:07 (02:58)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 20:52 - 21:09 (00:17)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 20:38 - 20:51 (00:12)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 20:14 - 20:38 (00:23)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 20:05 - 20:38 (00:33)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 19:31 - 20:38 (01:07)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 18:39 - 19:30 (00:51)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 18:27 - 18:38 (00:11)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 18:22 - 18:27 (00:04)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 18:18 - 18:27 (00:08)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 18:16 - 18:27 (00:10)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 18:11 - 18:27 (00:15)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 16:42 - 18:11 (01:28)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 16:30 - 16:42 (00:11)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 16:22 - 16:30 (00:08)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 16:13 - 16:22 (00:08)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 15:50 - 16:13 (00:23)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 15:46 - 16:13 (00:27)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 14:01 - 15:42 (01:41)
reboot system boot 5.4.0-42-generic Sun Aug 16 13:50 - 14:00 (00:09)
电脑的硬件配置如下：
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 0d)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Desktop 9 Series) (rev 02)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode]
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f0)
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #8 (rev f0)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #11 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device a2ca
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK208 [GeForce GT 710] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF119 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
当我第一次安装 Ubuntu 时，我尝试了几次让 Nvidia 驱动程序工作，但是任何官方的 nvidia 驱动程序都成功识别我的 nvidia 卡。因此，我目前正在运行 Noveau 驱动程序。
我使用该工具对我的 CPU 进行了压力测试stress-ng并安装powertop以检查我的硬件设备的功耗。我的电脑连接到不间断电源（600 Va），压力测试期间我的硬件的最大功耗为 104W。根据sensors，我的 cpu 核心在压力测试期间的温度是：
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Package id 0: +92.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 0: +91.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 1: +87.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 2: +92.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 3: +91.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 4: +92.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 5: +91.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 6: +89.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 7: +89.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
acpitz-acpi-0
Adapter: ACPI interface
temp1: +27.8°C (crit = +119.0°C)
temp2: +29.8°C (crit = +119.0°C)
powertop同一压力测试期间的输出：
System baseline power is estimated at 104 W
Power est. Usage Device name
85.4 W 1065% CPU core
9.68 W 1065% CPU misc
1.01 W 1065% DRAM
100,0% PCI Device: NVIDIA Corporation GK208 [GeForce GT 710]
100,0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller
100,0% USB device: USB Optical Mouse (Logitech)
100,0% USB device: USB Keyboard (USB)
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller
100,0% PCI Device: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode]
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #5
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Device a2ca
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16)
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #8
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 8th Gen Core 8-core Desktop Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers [Coffee
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #11
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Desktop 9 Series)
100,0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
100,0% Audio codec hwC0D0: Realtek
18,6 pkts/s Network interface: enp3s0 (r8169)
谁能给我提示一下我的电脑发生了什么？我很感激这些建议！
谢谢！
我的 Ubuntu Server 20.04 一直运行得非常快，直到大约 10-15 分钟前重新启动，在撰写本文时，关闭大约需要 3-5 分钟，重新启动大约需要 1-3 分钟，现在我所做的一切超级慢，我的网站没有加载，运行大约需要 5-10 秒ls我正在寻找方向，我有一个很好的内存，大约 8GB，我有 50GB 的 SWAP 空间，我还有 2 个硬盘和 1 个固态硬盘。任何指导都会有所帮助！谢谢你。如果您需要/想要任何日志或文件，我将非常乐意将它们提供给您。
最佳
top - 19:42:00 up 1:43, 2 users, load average: 0.40, 0.44, 0.57
Tasks: 216 total, 1 running, 215 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.8 us, 1.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 93.3 id, 4.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st
MiB Mem : 7833.5 total, 4891.3 free, 1260.4 used, 1681.8 buff/cache
MiB Swap: 65536.0 total, 64037.3 free, 1498.7 used. 6287.4 avail Mem
Unknown command - try 'h' for help
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2835 root 20 0 437496 3492 2036 S 3.0 0.0 2:17.34 ebpf.plugin
2836 netdata 20 0 55524 5244 2008 S 2.0 0.1 1:31.61 apps.plugin
2618 netdata 20 0 343024 87172 4060 S 1.0 1.1 0:57.31 netdata
923 root 20 0 838872 16224 6192 S 0.3 0.2 0:12.16 f2b/server
1066 mysql 20 0 1736500 48264 9200 S 0.3 0.6 5:17.49 mysqld
2841 netdata 20 0 725444 11980 5240 S 0.3 0.1 1:24.26 go.d.plugin
11134 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.3 0.0 0:00.07 kworker/1:3-events
1 root 20 0 168612 9160 6308 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.88 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp
6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-kblockd
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.79 ksoftirqd/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:01.32 rcu_sched
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 migration/0
12 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 idle_inject/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
16 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 idle_inject/1
17 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 migration/1
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.76 ksoftirqd/1
20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-kblockd
21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_kthre
24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd
27 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 oom_reaper
28 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback
29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kcompactd0
30 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
31 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khugepaged
123 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
124 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
125 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 blkcg_punt_bio
126 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 tpm_dev_wq
127 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff
128 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md
129 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 edac-poller
130 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 devfreq_wq
131 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdogd
132 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.56 kswapd0
133 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ecryptfs-kthrea
136 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld
138 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 acpi_thermal_pm
139 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 scsi_eh_0
140 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_0
141 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 scsi_eh_1
142 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_1
145 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 scsi_eh_2
146 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_2
147 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_3
148 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_3
150 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_4
151 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_4
系统日志
Aug 26 19:38:49 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGLg6Sy7z1P6tS: error writing 4BcGPj2rstz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPk2sYtz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: 4BcGPk2sYtz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:50 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGCl3HKWz1P6tL: error writing 4BcGPk2sYtz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPl2tGlz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: 4BcGPl2tGlz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:51 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGJP0tXyz1P6tQ: error writing 4BcGPl2tGlz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPm2v3Sz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: 4BcGPm2v3Sz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:52 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcGP05FY8z1P6tR: error writing 4BcGPm2v3Sz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPn2vlhz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: 4BcGPn2vlhz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:53 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcFwl1Dkmz1P6t1: error writing 4BcGPn2vlhz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPp2wX8z1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/cleanup[10988]: warning: 4BcGPp2wX8z1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:38:54 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcFKb1RZqz1P6sP: error writing 4BcGPp2wX8z1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:38:55 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGPq2xQQz1P6tV: uid=0 from=<root>
Aug 26 19:39:01 mail CRON[11024]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:39:01 mail CRON[11030]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php/sessionclean ] && if [ ! -d /run/systemd/system ]; then /usr/lib/php/sessionclean; fi)
Aug 26 19:39:02 mail systemd[1]: Starting Clean php session files...
Aug 26 19:39:02 mail systemd[1]: phpsessionclean.service: Succeeded.
Aug 26 19:39:02 mail systemd[1]: Finished Clean php session files.
Aug 26 19:39:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:40:01 mail CRON[11166]: (www-data) CMD (php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php)
Aug 26 19:40:01 mail CRON[11167]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:40:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:41:01 mail CRON[11214]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/proxymap[6357]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1:3306: Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (110)
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf lookup error for "[email protected]"
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/cleanup[10817]: warning: 4BcGPq2xQQz1P6tV: sender_bcc_maps map lookup problem -- message not accepted, try again later
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: warning: maildrop/4BcG1N5yKQz1P6t8: error writing 4BcGPq2xQQz1P6tV: queue file write error
Aug 26 19:41:04 mail postfix/pickup[7411]: 4BcGSJ5QClz1P6tV: uid=997 from=<netdata>
Aug 26 19:41:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:42:02 mail CRON[11299]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:42:43 mail postfix/master[2610]: warning: unix_trigger_event: read timeout for service public/pickup
Aug 26 19:43:01 mail CRON[11350]: (root) CMD (/bin/bash /usr/local/bin/fail2ban_banned_db unban_db)
Aug 26 19:43:15 mail postfix/proxymap[6357]: warning: connect to mysql server 127.0.0.1:3306: Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (110)
Aug 26 19:43:15 mail postfix/trivial-rewrite[11236]: warning: proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/transport_maps_maillist.cf lookup error for "*"
其他要求的数据
root@mail:/var/log# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6Gi 1.2Gi 4.8Gi 27Mi 1.6Gi 6.1Gi
Swap: 63Gi 1.5Gi 62Gi
root@mail:/var/log# grep -i swap /etc/fstab
/dev/disk/by-uuid/0edf561f-17da-4d10-89f3-45f3abb4ee82 none swap sw 0 0
/swap.img none swap sw 0 0
root@mail:/var/log# ls -al /swap.img
-rw------- 1 root root 4294967296 Aug 25 01:26 /swap.img
每次重新启动时，我都尝试使用 crontab 升级软件包
@reboot cd /home/toor && (echo "$password" | sudo -S apt-get upgrade)
但是当我在几分钟后检查 sudo apt update 时，仍然有要升级的软件包，我得出的结论是这个命令不起作用
但这echo "$password" | sudo -S apt-get upgrade在我的终端上正常工作，我似乎无法找出错误