问题[azure](ubuntu)

我们目前正在为我们的自托管 Azure VM 使用 Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS，并正在考虑将它们升级到 Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS。我们使用 URNCanonical:UbuntuServer:18.04-LTS:latest创建现有的自托管 Azure VM。

此网页链接 ( https://az-vm-image.info/?cmd=--all+--publisher+Canonicalaz vm image list --output table ) 列出了命令将从 Azure CLI列出的各种 Azure VM 映像的 URN 。

如果您折叠该网页的组，我希望Canonical - UbuntuServer - 20.04-LTS或Canonical:UbuntuServer:20.04-LTS:<version>位于该列表的末尾，但事实并非如此。我知道 Azure VM 映像存在，因为市场上有它：https ://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps/canonical.0001-com-ubuntu-server-focal?tab=Overview

我是新手，所以我不确定如何从该市场链接中获取 URN，或者在上面的 az-vm-image 链接中哪个是正确的 URN，以便为我们的自托管 Azure VM 获取 UbuntuServer 20.04 LTS。

作为参考，我正在使用 Azure CLI 命令az vm create .. --image Canonical:UbuntuServer:18.04-LTS:latest ..来创建我们的 VM。我试过Canonical:UbuntuServer:20.04-LTS:latest了，VM镜像不存在。

我刚刚在 Azure 上部署了全新的 Ubuntu 18.04。安装 dnsmasq 并注意到它完全缺少服务文件。守护进程本身运行良好，但我希望它在启动时启动。我怎么能做到这一点？

我的 ubuntu18 托管在 Azure 云中。我尝试在 netplan 中设置网桥，但失败了。

原版 50-cloud-init.yaml

    network:
    ethernets:
      eth0:
        dhcp4: true
        addresses:
          - 10.0.20.6/24
        dhcp6: false
        match:
          macaddress: 00:0d:3a:83:44:a1
    version: 2

修改 50-cloud-init.yaml：

network:
    ethernets:
      eth0:
        dhcp4: false
        dhcp6: false
        match:
          macaddress: 00:0d:3a:83:44:a1
    bridges:
      br0:
        interfaces: [eth0]
        dhcp4: true
        addresses:
          - 10.0.20.6/24
    version: 2

结果 - 我失去了我的网络，在重新启动期间我看到了这样的错误：

[  134.947548] cloud-init[902]: 2020-05-19 04:33:09,786 - azure.py[ERROR]: Failed to read /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.eth0.leases: [Errno 2] Nosuch file or directory: '/var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.eth0.leases'

有关我的 Ubuntu 19.04 系统的一些背景信息，请参见此处。

就在昨天午夜（CET）之前，我重新启动了，而不是“通用”，“Azure”启动了。该内核无法识别任何 USB，因此我没有可用的鼠标垫或 Internet（也无法使用任何 USB 鼠标）。通过 Grub，我仍然可以引导一个旧的“通用”内核，这似乎运行良好。我现在应该如何进行？

顺便说一句，我有一个完全加密的硬盘。

System profiles显示了这一点：

-Boots-
Wed Sep 25 10:07        : 5.0.0-29-generic
Wed Sep 25 09:51        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Wed Sep 25 09:40        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Wed Sep 25 08:51        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Wed Sep 25 08:49        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Wed Sep 25 08:47        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Wed Sep 25 08:13        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Tue Sep 24 23:15        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Tue Sep 24 23:09        : 5.0.0-1020-azure
Thu Sep 12 09:53        : 5.0.0-27-generic
Thu Sep 5 11:17     : 5.0.0-27-generic
Tue Aug 20 12:15        : 5.0.0-25-generic
Tue Aug 13 12:24        : 5.0.0-23-generic
Tue Aug 6 13:16     : 5.0.0-23-generic
Mon Aug 5 11:20     : 5.0.0-23-generic
Sat Aug 3 10:39     : 5.0.0-23-generic
Fri Aug 2 00:31     : 5.0.0-23-generic
Wed Jul 31 17:23        : 5.0.0-21-generic
Tue Jul 30 19:51        : 5.0.0-21-generic
Tue Jul 30 09:22        : 5.0.0-21-generic
Tue Jul 30 01:54        : 5.0.0-21-generic
Mon Jul 29 23:11        : 5.0.0-21-generic
Mon Jul 29 21:31        : 5.0.0-13-generic

dpkg输出：

biep@Blok:~$ dpkg -l | grep azure
ii  linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020           5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific cloud tools for version 5.0.0-1020
ii  linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1020               5.0.0-1020.21                              all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.0.0
ii  linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1020                 5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific tools for version 5.0.0-1020
ii  linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1020-azure             5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel buildinfo for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure           5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific cloud tools for version 5.0.0-1020
ii  linux-headers-5.0.0-1020-azure               5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-5.0.0-1020-azure                 5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Signed kernel image azure
ii  linux-modules-5.0.0-1020-azure               5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1020-azure         5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure                 5.0.0-1020.21                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific tools for version 5.0.0-1020
biep@Blok:~$ dpkg -l | grep kvm
ii  linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1017-kvm               5.0.0-1017.18                              amd64        Linux kernel buildinfo for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-headers-5.0.0-1017-kvm                 5.0.0-1017.18                              amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-5.0.0-1017-kvm                   5.0.0-1017.18                              amd64        Linux kernel image for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-kvm-headers-5.0.0-1017                 5.0.0-1017.18                              all          Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.0.0
ii  linux-modules-5.0.0-1017-kvm                 5.0.0-1017.18                              amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
iU  linux-tools-5.0.0-1017-kvm                   5.0.0-1017.18                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific tools for version 5.0.0-1017
biep@Blok:~$ dpkg -l | grep gcp
ii  linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1017-gcp               5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Linux kernel buildinfo for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-gcp-headers-5.0.0-1017                 5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.0.0
ii  linux-gcp-tools-5.0.0-1017                   5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific tools for version 5.0.0-1017
ii  linux-headers-5.0.0-1017-gcp                 5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Linux kernel headers for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-5.0.0-1017-gcp                   5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Signed kernel image GCP
ii  linux-modules-5.0.0-1017-gcp                 5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1017-gcp           5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.0.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-tools-5.0.0-1017-gcp                   5.0.0-1017.17                              amd64        Linux kernel version specific tools for version 5.0.0-1017

吹扫：

biep@Blok:~$ LANG=C sudo apt purge 'linux.*azure'
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-signed-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-signed-image-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1004' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1006' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1008' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1010' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1011' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1012' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1014' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1016' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1018' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1020' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1004' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1006' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1008' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1010' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1011' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1012' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1014' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1016' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1018' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1020' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1004' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1006' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1008' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1010' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1011' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1012' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1014' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1016' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1018' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1020-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-doc-5.0.0' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-tools' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1011-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-azure-source-5.0.0' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1012-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1018-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1006-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1004-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-image-5.0.0-1010-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1016-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1008-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Note, selecting 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1014-azure' for regex 'linux.*azure'
Package 'linux-azure-doc-5.0.0' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-source-5.0.0' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1004' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1004' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1004' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1004-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1006' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1008' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1010' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1011' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1012' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1014' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1016' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1018' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1006' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1008' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1010' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1011' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1012' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1014' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1016' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1018' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1006' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1008' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1010' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1011' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1012' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1014' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1016' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1018' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-cloud-tools-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-headers-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-1020-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-modules-extra-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-signed-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-signed-image-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1006-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1008-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1010-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1011-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1012-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1014-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1016-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-5.0.0-1018-azure' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'linux-tools-azure' is not installed, so not removed
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-5.0.0-25 linux-headers-5.0.0-25-generic linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic linux-modules-5.0.0-25-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020* linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1020* linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1020* linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1020-azure* linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure*
  linux-headers-5.0.0-1020-azure* linux-image-5.0.0-1020-azure* linux-modules-5.0.0-1020-azure* linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1020-azure* linux-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 10 to remove and 41 not upgraded.
After this operation, 234 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
(Reading database ... 342406 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-azure-cloud-tools-5.0.0-1020 (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-headers-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-azure-headers-5.0.0-1020 (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-tools-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-azure-tools-5.0.0-1020 (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-buildinfo-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Removing linux-image-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-29-lowlatency
I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-29-lowlatency
I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-1016-aws
I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-1016-aws
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-1020-azure
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-1016-aws
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-1016-aws
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-29-lowlatency
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-29-lowlatency
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-29-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-27-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-27-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
done
Removing linux-modules-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
(Reading database ... 315975 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for linux-modules-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
dpkg: warning: while removing linux-modules-5.0.0-1020-azure, directory '/lib/modules/5.0.0-1020-azure' not empty so not removed
Purging configuration files for linux-image-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-1020-azure (5.0.0-1020.21) ...

虽然这个问题有很多答案，但这里的场景有所不同：

我在 Azure 上使用 Ubuntu 18.04。

错误地，我使sudoers文件世界可写（sudo chmod o+w /etc/sudoers）。有适当的方法来修复。为此，我需要一个 Ubuntu 用户的密码

输出：-

ubuntu@azurevm:~$ ls -la /etc/sudoers
-r--r---w- 1 root root 755 Jan 18  2018 /etc/sudoers
ubuntu@azurevm:~$ 
ubuntu@azurevm-VM:~$ 
ubuntu@azurevm:~$ 
ubuntu@azurevm:~$ pkexec chmod 0755 /etc/sudoers
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.policykit.exec ===
Authentication is needed to run `/bin/chmod' as the super user
Authenticating as: Ubuntu (ubuntu)
Password: 
polkit-agent-helper-1: pam_authenticate failed: Authentication failure
==== AUTHENTICATION FAILED ===
Error executing command as another user: Not authorized

This incident has been reported.
ubuntu@azurevm:~$ uname -a
Linux azurevm 4.18.0-1018-azure #18~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 7 18:09:35 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

而部署 VM 时选择的身份验证模式是基于 SSH 的。还有其他方法可以修复。我既无法重置 ubuntu 的密码，也无法访问 azure CLI。

让我知道如何解决此问题，或者您是否需要有关此的更多信息。

我尝试使用 crontab 但没有用。另外，退出 SSH 连接后是否需要 nohup 来保持其运行？

02 19 * * * /usr/bin python3.7 myScript.py

我正在尝试在 MS Azure 上部署 OpenEdx 实例，为此我正在遵循一些说明。我在 Azure 上创建了一个虚拟机。它是一个 Ubuntu Linux 虚拟机。我已经通过 Git Bash 窗口访问了虚拟机，但在安装后过程中我被困在了下面的点。

指令是这样的：

编辑这一行：

edxapp:x:1003:1006::/edx/app/edxapp:/bin/false

至：

edxapp:x:1003:1006::/edx/app/edxapp:/bin/bash

我改变了这一行：

edxapp:x:1003:1006::/edx/app/edxapp:/bin/false 

至：

edxapp:x:1003:1006::/edx/app/edxapp:/bin/bash. 

但是，它没有被编辑。有人可以指导我吗？如何编辑该行？另外，如果可能的话，请提供一个脚本来完成安装，如果有人之前已经完成了 OpenEdx 安装。