全部问题(ubuntu)

我发现了类似的问题，但解决方案不同，所以我想写一篇自己的帖子。运行时，sudo apt upgrade我在安装最新的 Linux 内核 6.8.0.45.45 时出错

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic is already the newest version (6.8.0-45.45).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up linux-image-6.8.0-45-generic (6.8.0-45.45) ...
Setting up linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic (6.8.0-45.45) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.8.0-45-generic
Sign command: /usr/bin/kmodsign
Binary update-secureboot-policy not found, modules won't be signed

Building module:
Cleaning build area....(bad exit status: 2)
make -j4 KERNELRELEASE=6.8.0-45-generic all INCLUDEDIR=/lib/modules/6.8.0-45-generic/build/include KVERSION=6.8.0-45-generic DKMS_BUILD=1...(bad exit status: 2)
ERROR (dkms apport): binary package for evdi: 5.2.14 not found
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.0-45-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/evdi/5.2.14/build/make.log for more information.
dkms autoinstall on 6.8.0-45-generic/x86_64 failed for evdi(10)
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
 * dkms: autoinstall for kernel 6.8.0-45-generic
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 11
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-generic:
 linux-headers-generic depends on linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic; however:
  Package linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-headers-6.8.0-44-generic (6.8.0-44.44) ...
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.8.0-44-generic
Sign command: /usr/bin/kmodsign
Binary update-secureboot-policy not found, modules won't be signed

Building module:
Cleaning build area...(bad exit status: 2)
make -j4 KERNELRELEASE=6.8.0-44-generic all INCLUDEDIR=/lib/modules/6.8.0-44-generic/build/include KVERSION=6.8.0-44-generic DKMS_BUILD=1...(bad exit status: 2)
ERROR (dkms apport): binary package for evdi: 5.2.14 not found
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.0-44-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/evdi/5.2.14/build/make.log for more information.
dkms autoinstall on 6.8.0-44-generic/x86_64 failed for evdi(10)
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
 * dkms: autoinstall for kernel 6.8.0-44-generic
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.8.0-44-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-headers-6.8.0-44-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 11
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic:
 linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 6.8.0-45.45); however:
  Package linux-headers-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Processing triggers for linux-image-6.8.0-45-generic (6.8.0-45.45) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.8.0-45-generic
Sign command: /usr/bin/kmodsign
Binary update-secureboot-policy not found, modules won't be signed

Building module:
Cleaning build area...(bad exit status: 2)
make -j4 KERNELRELEASE=6.8.0-45-generic all INCLUDEDIR=/lib/modules/6.8.0-45-generic/build/include KVERSION=6.8.0-45-generic DKMS_BUILD=1...(bad exit status: 2)
ERROR (dkms apport): binary package for evdi: 5.2.14 not found
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.0-45-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/evdi/5.2.14/build/make.log for more information.
dkms autoinstall on 6.8.0-45-generic/x86_64 failed for evdi(10)
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
 * dkms: autoinstall for kernel 6.8.0-45-generic
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.8.0-45-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-image-6.8.0-45-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 11
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic
 linux-headers-generic
 linux-headers-6.8.0-44-generic
 linux-generic
 linux-image-6.8.0-45-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

/var/lib/dkms/evdi/5.2.14/build/make.log 显示以下内容

DKMS make.log for evdi-5.2.14 for kernel 6.8.0-45-generic (x86_64)
Mon Sep 23 08:12:17 AM PDT 2024
make KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 SUBDIRS=/var/lib/dkms/evdi/5.2.14/build SRCROOT=/var/lib/dkms/evdi/5.2.14/build CONFIG_MODULE_SIG= -C /lib/modules/6.8.0-45-generic/build modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic'
make --no-print-directory -C /usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic \
-f /usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic/Makefile modules
make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=arch/x86/entry/syscalls all
make -f ./scripts/Makefile.build obj=scripts/basic
set -e; mkdir -p include/config/; trap "rm -f include/config/.tmp_kernel.release" EXIT; { echo 6.8.0-45-generic; } > include/config/.tmp_kernel.release; if [ ! -r include/config/kernel.>
make -f ./scripts/Makefile.asm-generic obj=arch/x86/include/generated/uapi/asm \
generic=include/uapi/asm-generic
set -e; mkdir -p include/generated/uapi/linux/; trap "rm -f include/generated/uapi/linux/.tmp_version.h" EXIT; {        if [ 12 -gt 255 ]; then echo \#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE 395519; >
set -e; mkdir -p include/generated/; trap "rm -f include/generated/.tmp_utsrelease.h" EXIT; {   if [ `echo -n "6.8.0-45-generic" | wc -c ` -gt 64 ]; then echo '"6.8.0-45-generic" exceed>
set -e; mkdir -p include/generated/; trap "rm -f include/generated/.tmp_compile.h" EXIT; { ./scripts/mkcompile_h "x86_64" "gcc-13 (Ubuntu 13.2.0-23ubuntu4) 13.2.0" "ld"; } > include/gen>
./scripts/remove-stale-files
make[3]: *** No rule to make target 'arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_32.tbl', needed by 'arch/x86/include/generated/uapi/asm/unistd_32.h'.  Stop.
make[2]: *** [arch/x86/Makefile:249: archheaders] Error 2
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[1]: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.0-45-generic'
make: *** [Makefile:22: all] Error 2

运行dkms status返回以下内容

evdi/1.14.1: added
evdi/1.14.2+dfsg, 6.8.0-44-generic, x86_64: installed
evdi/1.14.2+dfsg, 6.8.0-45-generic, x86_64: installed
evdi/5.2.14: added

这是 dkms 的问题吗？我还遗漏了什么吗？

我正在使用带有 xfce 的 ubuntu 22.04。

我想放置一个脚本来执行以下操作：

ln -fs /path/to/folder ~/

每次用户通过图形远程访问登录时（特别是，我使用的是 remmina）。我试过了，，，.../etc/profile.d都没用。也许我需要重启一些服务？/etc/bash.bashrc/etc/X11/Xsession.d/etc/gdm3/PostLogin/Default.sample

我找到了这个，但这是特定于用户的。这个也一样。其他几个论坛讨论没有给我任何线索。

在此先感谢对这个绝望的灵魂提供的任何帮助。

我已经在 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 上安装了该unicode软件包：apt install unicode

unicode/noble,noble,now 3.1-1 all [installed]
  display unicode character properties

帮助文本显示了一个特殊的选项“ --brexit-ascii”：

  --ascii               Display ASCII table
  --brexit-ascii, --brexit
                        Display ASCII table (EU-UK Trade and Cooperation
                        Agreement version)

这个“ASCII 表（欧盟-英国贸易与合作协议版本）”到底是什么？我找不到任何关于它的技术信息。真的有这样的东西吗？还是开发人员的某种政治抗议？

使用 gnome-terminal （默认）并添加以下内容~/.bashrc来为终端着色

# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
 46# force_color_prompt=yes
 47 
 48 if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
 49     if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
 50         # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
 51         # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
 52         # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
 53         color_prompt=yes
 54     else
 55         color_prompt=
 56     fi
 57 fi
 58 
 59 RED='\[\033[01;31m\]'
 60 YELLOW='\[\033[01;33m\]'
 61 GREEN='\[\033[01;32m\]'
 62 BLUE='\[\033[01;34m\]'
 63 
 64 CYAN='\[\033[01;36m\]'
 65 LIGHT_CYAN='\[\033[00;36m\]'
 66 WHITE='\[\033[00m\]'
 67 LIGHT_GRAY='\[\033[01;37m\]'
 68 COLOR_NONE='\[\e[00m\]'
 69 
 70 
 71 parse_git_branch () {
 72    while read -r branch; do
 73         [[ $branch = \** ]] && current_branch=${branch#* }
 74    done < <(git branch 2>/dev/null)
 75    [[ $current_branch ]] && printf '(%s)' "$current_branch"
 76 }
 77 
 78 
 79 if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
 80 #PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[00m\]\t \[\033[01;37m\]\u@\[\033[01;36m\]\h\[\033[01;33m\]:\[\033[00;32m\]\w\[\033[01;31m\] $(parse_git_branch)\[\033[00m\]\$ '
 81 PS1="${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)} \\[$(tput setaf 2)\\]\t ${LIGHT_GRAY}\u@\h${GREEN}:${BLUE}\w${RED} $(parse_git_branch)${WHITE}$ "
 82 else
 83 PS1="${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\t${LIGHT_GRAY}\u@\h${GREEN}:\w$(parse_git_branch)\$ "
 84 fi
 85 PS1="$PS1${RED}"
 86 
 87 unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

但它没有定义主机和用户名不同的颜色，而目录和命令则按定义着色

这可能是什么问题？

注意：如果注释行#87 unset color-prompt forced-color-prompt，则分支名称不会显示在 shell 中

请参阅下面所附的截图

那么我们如何才能为主机/用户名启用颜色呢？

我有一台配备 4GB RAM 的华硕 X540S，在 Windows XP 下运行良好。为了更新它，我格式化了硬盘并安装了 Xubuntu 22.04。大多数时候它似乎运行良好，然后突然一切都停止了，键盘和鼠标停止工作，屏幕显示相同的无响应图像。关闭它的唯一方法是按住电源按钮。我注意到当这种情况发生时，电源和硬盘灯都亮着。

我确实遇到了一些其他问题（尤其是 Firefox snap），但现在大多数问题似乎都解决了。我尝试了论坛上的几个建议，但未能解决这个问题。后来我升级到 24.04，问题仍然存在。

• 交换空间已增加到 4GB（在 1TB 硬盘上）。
• 我发现/var/crash崩溃后该文件夹是空的。
• 我已经禁用 Firefox 中的硬件加速（通常在发生崩溃时它正在运行）。
• 我按照论坛中的建议对 grub 配置文件做了一些更改。
• 我已禁用自动启动的屏幕保护程序。

这里是否有人有其他建议，例如我该如何解决这个问题？

升级到 24.04.1 失败，并显示一条消息，提示我需要在安装之前进行所有更新。如您在附加日志中看到的，我已尝试进行所有更新，但某些“esm-apps”更新未安装，我需要安装 Ubuntu Pro 来更新它们。我假设这些更新不是进行更新所必需的。

有一系列 dotnet 更新未安装，但我之前已删除 dotnet。这些更新是否阻碍了升级？如果是，我可以删除它们吗？

顺便说一句，我也尝试了软件更新程序，但它退出时没有任何消息。:-(

问候

$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease                                 
Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease                          
Hit:4 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease                             
Hit:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease                         
Hit:6 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable InRelease
Hit:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease           
Hit:8 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/prod jammy InRelease        
Hit:9 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease
Hit:10 https://hub-dist.unity3d.com/artifactory/hub-debian-prod-local stable InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
4 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.


$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
  libheif1 libjs-jquery-ui libpathplan4 graphviz libgvpr2 libgvc6 libopenexr25
  python3-scipy libcgraph6 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra libcdt5
  libmagickwand-6.q16-6 imagemagick-6.q16 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 liblab-gamut1
  imagemagick-6-common libde265-0 libpmix2
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
The following packages have been kept back:
  dotnet-hostfxr-7.0 ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-pro-client ubuntu-pro-client-l10n
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.


$ do-release-upgrade 
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.

$ sudo apt list --upgradeable -a
Listing... Done
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy-updates,jammy-security 7.0.119-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.0.5-1]
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.20-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.19-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.18-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.17-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.16-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.15-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.14-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.13-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.12-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.11-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.10-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.9-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.8-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.7-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy,now 7.0.5-1 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 7.0.119-0ubuntu1~22.04.1]
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.4-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.3-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.2-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.1-1 amd64
dotnet-hostfxr-7.0/jammy 7.0.0-1 amd64

$ sudo apt remove dotnet
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package 'dotnet' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

升级到 24.04 后，这是我尝试打开顶部菜单时看到的内容。

Dash 中的图标也未居中对齐。

我的理解是，无论谁编写了程序，都会编写帮助部分来解释可以传递给它的每个参数的作用，如果我输入，g++ --help我会得到一个显示很多选项的说明“在我的情况下，我正在查看/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ --help”，但它们看起来非常相似

我有 CMake 生成的输出，我试图逐步了解它，有时路径包含在 -I 中，有时包含在 -isystem 中

/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ \
"-I${PICO_SDK_PATH}/src/rp2_common/pico_atomic/include" \
-isystem "${PICO_SDK_PATH}/src/common/pico_stdlib_headers/include" \

有什么区别吗？

为什么我在屏幕上看不到以太-I或-system或？-D--help

--help靠近读段顶部

--target-help            Display target specific command line options (including assembler and linker options).

--help={common|optimizers|params|target|warnings|[^]{joined|separate|undocumented}}[,...].

我不明白如何打开和查看此--help=子帮助，看看它是否在子类别中进行了解释

我安装了 Libreoffice 24.2，它是从 libreoffice 网站上的 .deb 包安装的。我收到通知说有新版本可用，所以我下载并安装了 24.8 版本。然后我注意到，它并没有像以前每次升级时那样用 24.8 覆盖 24.2，而是分别安装它们。每当我打开文档时，它仍然使用旧版本。

然后我通过 apt 在命令行上卸载了 24.2，之后当我尝试启动 24.8 时，我无法启动任何 libreoffice 程序。当我输入：

libreoffice --writer

我收到此错误：

我尝试从此处提供的 debs 卸载并重新安装：

https://www.libreoffice.org/donate/dl/deb-x86_64/24.8.1/en-US/LibreOffice_24.8.1_Linux_x86-64_deb.tar.gz

解压缩文件并输入：

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

但我仍然收到该错误。我该如何修复它？

$ sudo ufw status
Status: active

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
Nginx Full                 ALLOW       Anywhere                  
22/tcp                     ALLOW       Anywhere                  
Nginx Full (v6)            ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)             
22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW       Anywhere (v6) 

我如何才能仅允许来自特定地区、国家或大陆的 SSH（22/tcp）请求？

例如，这个问题与仅允许来自 localhost 的请求无关，因为 locahost 的 IP 是已知的。我想要类似这样的功能：将某个国家/地区的所有 IP 范围放在一个文本文件中，并将其嵌入到 ufw 允许规则中。