我需要一个 cli 命令来禁用输入设备（键盘和鼠标），以及一个命令来再次启用它们。
要在Xorg上禁用输入设备，方法是：xinput float <id#>，要启用它们，方法是xinput reattach <id#>，但我在Wayland上，如何在那里执行此操作？
我的 Ubuntu 22.04 系统上的 ~home 下（在许多子目录中）有一些文件。我相信大多数带空格的文件名最初来自 Windows。
我使用以下find命令查找有问题的文件
查找 .-name "* *"
有什么方法可以将名称更改为在名称中当前包含空格的所有文件中包含 _ 或其他字符？
例如我想改变
MSC 机脚订单.pdf
到
MSC_机器_脚顺序.pdf
使用 find 命令，我确定有大约 600 个文件需要更改其名称，因此我希望采用某种自动化的方式来更改名称。
当我运行某些脚本时，带有空格的文件名会导致问题。
提前感谢您的帮助。
我在最新的 WMware Workstation Pro 上安装了最新的 Ubuntu 版本。Ubuntu 运行良好，但我无法通过 Dock 上的 Files 文件夹图标访问磁盘和文件系统。我可以手动打开的唯一目录是 Home、Documents 和其他标准目录。磁盘已正确安装，但我无法访问它。我在 Disks 实用程序和命令行中看到了它，此外，应用程序 Thunar 还允许我定期访问整个文件系统。是什么阻止 Files 显示上述任何目录？
- VMware Workstation Pro 17.6.2 build-24409262 作为客户机安装在 Windows 11 计算机上；
- Ubuntu版本是24.10。
lsblk -f结果：
AME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
fd0
loop0
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/bare/5
loop1
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/core22/1621
loop2
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/gnome-42-2204/176
loop3
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/firmware-updater/127
loop4
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/desktop-security-center/32
loop5
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/firefox/5091
loop6
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/snapd/21759
loop7
squash 4.0 0 100% /snap/prompting-client/51
loop8
0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1536
loop9
0 100% /snap/snap-store/1218
loop10
0 100% /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/247
sda
├─sda1
│
└─sda2
ext4 1.0 83198ac6-0ca6-4488-a2b2-5d157ddcfdf2 8,9G 49% /
sr0 iso966 CDROM 2025-01-12-12-14-12-00 0 100% /media/muserult/CDROM
sr1 iso966 Jolie Ubuntu 24.10 amd64 2024-10-09-14-31-13-00 0 100% /media/muserult/Ubuntu 24.10 amd64
ls结果：
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 ott 7 10:35 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 gen 12 13:20 boot
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 ott 9 16:30 cdrom
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4200 gen 12 16:22 dev
drwxr-xr-x 140 root root 12288 gen 12 13:20 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 gen 12 13:10 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 ott 7 10:35 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 ott 7 10:35 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 gen 12 12:18 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 gen 12 13:11 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 ott 9 15:16 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 ott 9 15:16 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 403 root root 0 gen 12 16:22 proc
drwx------ 5 root root 4096 gen 12 13:10 root
drwxr-xr-x 37 root root 900 gen 12 16:22 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 ott 7 10:35 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 ott 9 15:22 snap
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 ott 9 15:16 srv
-rw------- 1 root root 3754950656 gen 12 12:22 swap.img
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 gen 12 16:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt 19 root root 460 gen 12 16:23 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 ott 9 15:16 usr
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 gen 12 13:10 var
[更新 2]
如果我安装 Ubuntu LTS 24.04.1，相同的安装（相同的机器，相同的主机 SO，相同的 WMware 版本，相同的设置，相同的任何内容）就可以完美运行
我在 ubuntu 服务器上设置了一个 openvpn 客户端，我希望即使连接失败也能始终保持界面打开。我已persist-tun在 .conf 文件中尝试过此操作：
但是，如果我运行，那么界面就不会再显示？sudo systemctl stop [email protected]ifconfig
事情是这样的：
$ python3 -m ssl
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/splunk/lib/python3.9/runpy.py", line 197, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "/opt/splunk/lib/python3.9/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "/opt/splunk/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 99, in <module>
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ImportError: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
或者
$ openssl --help
openssl: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.0.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
一定是 splunk 安装出了问题，损坏了 openssl...我在 ubuntu bug launchpad 中问了这个问题：https: //bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/openssl/+bug/2089827
我怎样才能修复而不必弄乱 Splunk？
我在这里找到：https：//community.splunk.com/t5/Splunk-Search/Why-am-I-getting-error-quot-libssl-so-1-0-0-cannot-open-shared/mp/267920 我可以这样做并修复：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/splunk/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
问题和疑虑
我想更好地了解情况并发现任何潜在问题。具体来说：
这种方法不值得推荐吗？它本身有什么问题吗？
此外，我正在尝试理解问题的根本原因：
- 是什么导致了这个问题？
- 为什么系统依赖于 Splunk 内的 OpenSSL 库？
- 为什么系统不能使用单独的库，而是使用与 Splunk 捆绑的库？
我正在使用 Document Viewer 42.3 阅读 PDF。例如，我需要将第 107 页上的某些信息与第 96 页上的信息进行比较。这需要反复操作，因为我必须针对该文档中的许多项目执行此操作！最好的方法是运行同一份 PDF 两次，这样速度会快得多。
是否可以同时对同一个 PDF 运行两次文档查看器？
我不需要编辑/保存文档（我将必要的信息复制到 Calc 上）。
谢谢你的帮助。
更新 1 我尝试了命令 evince && evince，打开了一个文档查看器实例，然后弹出各种窗口，结果是我有两个不同的 pdf，而不是同一个。所以我关闭了所有内容，重新开始，然后发现我收到了 7 次警告：
GVFS-WARNING **: 21:48:27.910: The peer-to-peer connection failed: Error while getting peer-to-peer dbus connection: Could not connect: Permission denied. Falling back to the session bus. Your application is probably missing --filesystem=xdg-run/gvfsd privileges.
有一次
(evince:21797): GLib-GObject-WARNING **: 21:48:29.214: invalid cast from 'GtkFileChooserNative' to 'GtkWidget'
我关闭了所有内容，然后再次尝试了相同的命令，这次它只打开了一个文档查看器实例。当我关闭它时，它会打开第二个。所以它连续打开，但不是同时打开。而且所有的错误代码也在那里。
命令之后
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
我尝试使用命令刷新我的 nvidia 驱动程序，但出现错误：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001341sv00001462sd00001112bc03sc02i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GM108M [GeForce 840M]
driver : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-510 - distro non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-510-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我尝试使用下一个方法修复该问题：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo aptitude -f install libdpkg-perl
libdpkg-perl is already installed at the requested version (1.21.1ubuntu2.3)
libdpkg-perl is already installed at the requested version (1.21.1ubuntu2.3)
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo aptitude -f install build-essential
The following NEW packages will be installed:
build-essential{b}
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 4 744 B of archives. After unpacking 21,5 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:10.2) but it is not installable
Depends: g++ (>= 4:10.2) but it is not installable
Depends: dpkg-dev (>= 1.17.11) but it is not installable
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Keep the following packages at their current version:
1) build-essential [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
但它没有帮助，我仍然收到错误：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我使用了来自无法纠正问题的分支的提示，您持有损坏的软件包
接下来打开突触，我多次选择菜单编辑 - >修复损坏的包，但没有任何变化，“应用”按钮仍然被禁用。
在我的操作系统中：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# uname -a
Linux master-at-home 6.8.0-49-generic #49~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Nov 6 17:42:15 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo lshw -numeric -C display
*-display
description: 3D controller
product: GM108M [GeForce 840M] [10DE:1341]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation [10DE]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a2
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
resources: irq:38 memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f0000000-f1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:416]
vendor: Intel Corporation [8086]
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
logical name: /dev/fb0
version: 06
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
configuration: depth=32 driver=i915 latency=0 resolution=1920,1080
resources: irq:39 memory:f7400000-f77fffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
由于此错误，我无法在驱动程序管理器中选择正确的视频驱动程序...
我必须采取哪个步骤来修复这个错误？
更新 # 1：
我运行更新命令没有错误：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo apt update
Hit:1 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:2 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x nodistro InRelease
Hit:3 http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:5 https://deb.opera.com/opera-stable stable InRelease
Hit:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/giuspen/ppa/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:7 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
6 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
vlc-plugin-qt libvlc5 redis-server vlc-data python3-tornado libvlccore9
libzbar0 libheif1 vlc imagemagick libavcodec-extra vlc-bin libjs-jquery-ui
libpathplan4 vlc-l10n graphviz libavdevice58 libgvpr2 libgvc6 ffmpeg
libopenexr25 libpostproc55 libcgraph6 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra
vlc-plugin-samba libcdt5 php-twig libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libavcodec-extra58
vlc-plugin-notify libavutil56 imagemagick-6.q16 libswscale5 redis-tools
libeditorconfig0 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 vlc-plugin-access-extra
vlc-plugin-skins2 vlc-plugin-video-splitter liblab-gamut1 libswresample3
imagemagick-6-common vlc-plugin-video-output libavformat58 libde265-0
libvlc-bin vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-visualization libavfilter7
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
#
# Patches available for the local privilege escalation issue in needrestart
# tracked by CVE-2024-48990, CVE-2024-48991, CVE-2024-48992, and CVE-2024-10224
# For more see: https://ubuntu.com/blog/needrestart-local-privilege-escalation
#
The following NEW packages will be installed:
debsuryorg-archive-keyring
The following packages will be upgraded:
php-common php8.4-cli php8.4-common php8.4-opcache php8.4-phpdbg php8.4-readline
6 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 5 314 kB of archives.
After this operation, 37,9 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 debsuryorg-archive-keyring all 2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [4 328 B]
Get:2 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php-common all 2:95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [16,9 kB]
Get:3 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-readline amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [13,7 kB]
Get:4 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-opcache amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [467 kB]
Get:5 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-phpdbg amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [2 017 kB]
Get:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-cli amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [1 995 kB]
Get:7 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 php8.4-common amd64 8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 [801 kB]
Fetched 5 314 kB in 5s (1 056 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package debsuryorg-archive-keyring.
(Reading database ... 274447 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-debsuryorg-archive-keyring_2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking debsuryorg-archive-keyring (2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../1-php-common_2%3a95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking php-common (2:95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (2:92ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../2-php8.4-readline_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-readline (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../3-php8.4-opcache_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-opcache (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../4-php8.4-phpdbg_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-phpdbg (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../5-php8.4-cli_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-cli (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../6-php8.4-common_8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking php8.4-common (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) over (8.4.1-3+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up debsuryorg-archive-keyring (2024.02.05+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php-common (2:95+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-common (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-opcache (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-readline (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-cli (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Setting up php8.4-phpdbg (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for php8.4-cli (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
Processing triggers for php8.4-phpdbg (8.4.2-1+ubuntu22.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) ...
但检查自动安装仍然出现错误：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我尝试完整升级命令：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# sudo apt full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
vlc-plugin-qt libvlc5 redis-server vlc-data python3-tornado libvlccore9
libzbar0 libheif1 vlc imagemagick libavcodec-extra vlc-bin libjs-jquery-ui
libpathplan4 vlc-l10n graphviz libavdevice58 libgvpr2 libgvc6 ffmpeg
libopenexr25 libpostproc55 libcgraph6 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra
vlc-plugin-samba libcdt5 php-twig libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libavcodec-extra58
vlc-plugin-notify libavutil56 imagemagick-6.q16 libswscale5 redis-tools
libeditorconfig0 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 vlc-plugin-access-extra
vlc-plugin-skins2 vlc-plugin-video-splitter liblab-gamut1 libswresample3
imagemagick-6-common vlc-plugin-video-output libavformat58 libde265-0
libvlc-bin vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-visualization libavfilter7
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
#
# Patches available for the local privilege escalation issue in needrestart
# tracked by CVE-2024-48990, CVE-2024-48991, CVE-2024-48992, and CVE-2024-10224
# For more see: https://ubuntu.com/blog/needrestart-local-privilege-escalation
#
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
还是同样的错误：
root@master-at-home:/opt/PhpStorm-242.24807.17/bin# ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
dpkg-dev : Depends: libdpkg-perl (= 1.21.1ubuntu2) but 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 is to be installed
Recommends: build-essential but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
更新 # 2：
我检查文件的内容：
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list :
# deb cdrom:[Kubuntu 22.04.3 LTS _Jammy Jellyfish_ - Release amd64 (20230807.1)]/ jammy main multiverse restricted universe
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb-src http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.
和
root@master-at-home:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# ls -la
total 48
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 січ 9 13:57 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 січ 10 15:07 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110 гру 23 17:35 docker.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 гру 8 14:32 giuspen-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 гру 8 14:32 giuspen-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190 гру 8 14:32 google-chrome.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190 гру 8 14:32 google-chrome.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 113 гру 8 14:32 nodesource.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 113 гру 8 14:32 nodesource.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 гру 8 14:32 ondrej-ubuntu-php-jammy.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 гру 8 14:32 ondrej-ubuntu-php-jammy.list.save
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187 січ 9 13:57 opera-stable.list
在我的 KDE 中，我发现了 Synaptic，并在其中发现：
不确定你指的是哪个软件和更新 GUI？我需要安装一些特殊程序吗？
GParted 突然需要 root 权限。这是在我尝试打开加密 USB 上的“lost+found”文件夹后发生的，该文件夹两次要求 root 权限，但我最终在打开之前退出了，这可能与此有关？
输入 root 密码后，GParted 开始扫描位置，并且花了很长时间打开，所以我关闭了它，因为它以前从来没有这样做过。
我读到过 GUI 不应该以 root 权限运行，那么有没有办法可以恢复到不使用 root 权限的情况？
有人能告诉我以 root 身份使用 GParted 是否安全吗，或者我是否应该卸载并重新安装才能使其像以前一样工作？推荐的卸载/重新安装方法是什么？
我目前正在将笔记本电脑从 22.04 升级到 24.04.1 LTS，遇到了多个问题，但首先发生的情况如下
我尝试使用软件更新程序更新 Ubuntu，但它给出了以下错误消息：
"Failed to download repository information, check your internet connection"
然后，我单击“确定”后，它显示了以下消息：
"The software on this computer is up to date."
"However, Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS is now available (you have 22.04)"
然后它向我展示了发行说明，我再次单击“升级”，出现了“发行版升级”窗口，在它向我显示此消息之前，它已经顺利通过了“设置新软件频道”部分
W:Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.,
W:See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.,
W:An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: https://repo.protonvpn.com/debian stable InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 8DD48989F43719CA,
E:The repository 'https://example.com/apt stable Release' does not have a Release file.
我尝试过处理无公钥错误和 example.com 错误，所以我将分别讨论我为它们做了什么
对于公钥错误，我尝试按照此“https://askubuntu.com/questions/13065/how-do-i-fix-the-gpg-error-no-pubkey”帖子中的最佳答案进行操作，这使我在终端中输入了以下内容
sudo mkdir -m 0755 -p /etc/apt/keyrings/
curl -fsSL https://example.com/EXAMPLE.gpg |
sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/EXAMPLE.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/EXAMPLE.gpg] https://example.com/apt stable main" |
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/EXAMPLE.list > /dev/null
我很确定这就是导致 example.com 没有 Release 文件的问题的原因，但我将继续
之后我又尝试彻底删除 proton VPN，结果还是不行，于是我输入了他们网站上的这些命令
sudo apt autoremove proton-vpn-gnome-desktop && sudo apt purge protonvpn-stable-release
之后我尝试按照其说明删除旧版本
sudo apt-get autoremove protonvpn
rm -rf ~/.cache/protonvpn
rm -rf ~/.config/protonvpn
据我所知，已成功删除 proton vpn，但尝试更新时仍然出现无公钥错误（遗憾的是我没有最初执行此操作时的输出（我关闭了终端窗口）但这是我再次执行此操作时的输出）
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package 'protonvpn' is not installed, so not removed
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 3 not to upgrade.
至于错误，我相信我是在按照这个[解决方案](如何修复 GPG 错误“NO_PUBKEY”？发布说明 )"E:The repository 'https://example.com/apt stable Release' does not have a Release file."后意外创建的。
所以我的问题是如何解决这个问题？我假设我必须删除 example.com 和 proton vpn 的一些文件，但我不知道该怎么做
（此外，我不希望进行全新安装，但如果您认为我应该这样做，我可能会这样做）
请参考我的这个问题，
ls -R /mnt/EFI
/mnt/EFI:
BOOT Dell ubuntu
/mnt/EFI/BOOT:
bkpbootx64.efi bootx64.efi fbx64.efi mmx64.efi
/mnt/EFI/Dell:
logs
/mnt/EFI/Dell/logs:
diags_current.xml diags_previous.xml
/mnt/EFI/ubuntu:
BOOTX64.CSV grub.cfg grubx64.efi mmx64.efi shimx64.efi
根据我的 EFI 分区 (/mnt/EFI) 的内容，没有与 Windows 引导加载程序相关的目录或文件（例如 Microsoft 或 bootmgfw.efi）。这表明 Windows 引导加载程序已被删除或未正确安装。到 2024 年 12 月中旬，它一直运行良好。不知道到底发生了什么。我的 BIOS 显示一个三星 PCINVME 1TB SSD（我相信它包含 Windows OS 引导加载程序等...）现在从 gparted 看不到它。
图片来自 gparted
