全部问题(ubuntu)

我有两个系统运行在 Ubuntu 22.04 上。我想使用 NFS 将服务器（PC1 - auerbach）的一个磁盘挂载到客户端（PC2 - hubel）上。

PC1 上的文件/etc/exports如下所示：

/media/auerbach-data    139.124.148.0/25(rw,no_subtree_check,sync,fsid=001)

我sudo exportfs -av在 PC1 上运行成功。PC2/etc/fstab上的文件如下所示：

auerbach:/media/auerbach-data      /mnt/auerbach-data    nfs     defaults,auto,rw        0       0

但是，当我sudo mount /mnt/auerbach-data -v在 PC2 上运行时，出现错误消息：

mount.nfs: timeout set for Thu Nov 28 10:44:02 2024
mount.nfs: trying text-based options 'vers=4.2,addr=139.124.148.27,clientaddr=139.124.148.5'
mount.nfs: mount(2): Connection timed out
mount.nfs: Connection timed out

真正奇怪的是，当我在showmount -ePC1 上运行时，我得到：

Export list for PC1:
/media/auerbach-data 139.124.148.0/25

因此，导出本身似乎有效。然后，当我运行 时showmount，我得到：

Hosts on PC1:
PC2’s ip

这似乎表明 PC1 看到了 PC2。此外，当我showmount -e auerbach在 PC2 上运行时，我得到：

Export list for auerbach: 
/media/auerbach-data 139.124.148.0/25

经过一番研究，我解决了这个问题，并发tcpdump -i eno145 host auerbach现在 PC2 上运行 mount 命令时，PC1 没有通过网络收到任何信息。当我 ping PC1 或使用 时，情况并非如此showmount。下面列出了一些日志：

tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v[v]... for full protocol decode
listening on eno145, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), snapshot length 262144 bytes
10:52:29.203855 IP hubel.836 > auerbach.nfs: Flags [S], seq 3035191773, win 64240, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3
448551700 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:52:30.244579 IP hubel.836 > auerbach.nfs: Flags [S], seq 3035191773, win 64240, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3
448552741 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0

有人知道我该如何解决这个问题吗？提前谢谢您！

附加信息： 未打开防火墙auerbach并且端口 2049 已打开（已使用 检查telnet）。

当我使用时sudo mount -t nfs auerbach:/media/auerbach-data /mnt/auerbach-data -v，我得到：

mount.nfs: timeout set for Thu Nov 28 16:53:57 2024
mount.nfs: trying text-based options 'vers=4.2,addr=139.124.148.27,clientaddr=139.124.148.79'

我最近因为 checkinstall 导致系统崩溃。似乎唯一缺少的就是我的 lib 文件夹。

然而，我试图在系统安装时创建一个符号链接，并得到以下符号链接：lib -> /mnt/root/usr/lib/我看到的问题是当我没有安装系统时，/mnt/root这个链接不存在......我怎样才能创建它来指向/usr/lib，当然这样做sudo ln -s /usr/lib /lib只会为当前系统创建一个链接。

当前结构

(base) hutber@hutber:/mnt/root$ ll
total 116
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root  4096 Nov 28 09:25 ./
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root  4096 Nov 28 09:10 ../
-rw-r--r--   1 root root     0 Aug 12 13:14 1
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Feb  2  2024 bin -> usr/bin/
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Nov 21 11:44 boot/
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb  2  2024 cdrom/
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug 12 13:15 .config/
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Jan  9  2024 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 164 root root 12288 Nov 27 22:56 etc/
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Feb  2  2024 home/
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 Nov 28 09:25 lib -> /mnt/root/usr/lib/
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Jan  9  2024 lib64 -> usr/lib64/
drwx------   2 root root 16384 Feb  2  2024 lost+found/
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Feb  2  2024 media/
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Feb 14  2024 mnt/
drwxr-xr-x  16 root root  4096 Sep 19 13:30 opt/
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jan  9  2024 proc/
drwx------  13 root root  4096 Oct  8 13:00 root/
drwxr-xr-x  14 root root  4096 Feb  2  2024 run/
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     8 Feb  2  2024 sbin -> usr/sbin/
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jan  9  2024 srv/
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 18  2022 sys/
drwxrwxrwt  49 root root 20480 Nov 27 23:01 tmp/
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root  4096 Apr 11  2024 usr/
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root  4096 Feb 14  2024 var/

升级 Ubuntu 时我总是遇到问题，所以我避免这样做。但是，一位朋友说他从来没有遇到过问题，所以我决定今早试一试 - 我几乎希望我没有这么做。

所以，我刚刚升级到 24.04.1，当系统重新启动时，它只显示一个黑屏，左上角有一个闪烁的光标。

如果我按下某些键，我可以找到紧急模式，在那里我可以读取启动日志，但它充满了垃圾，我不知道如何开始诊断问题。

我知道最新版本已经投入了大量的工作 —— 因此放弃升级过程并重新安装 Ubuntu 似乎有点可惜（我过去一直这样做 —— 而且我怀疑大多数人在这种情况下都会这么做）。

关于如何进行有什么建议吗？

我在 ubuntu 24.04 客户端/主机上安装了 Oracle Sql developer 和 podman。使用 podman 我做了

podman run -d --name oracle-db -p 1521:1521 container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest

然后使用另一个命令设置一个简单的密码：

podman exec oracle-db ./setPassword.sh Password1
podman port oracle-db
1521/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:1521

但是当我连接到它时我不断收到各种错误（参见图片）。

因此，据我了解，现在我应该能够使用 FREE sid 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到 localhost:1521。唉，我一直收到错误 ORA-01017。有人知道我应该如何连接到它吗？

文档在此处https://www.oracle.com/eg/database/free/get-started/和此处https://container-registry.oracle.com/ → databases → free 。我已启动并运行映像，但无法使用 sql 开发人员连接到它。

在将时间戳转换为秒数、添加一些秒数并将结果转换回时间戳的 bash 脚本中，我从 date 命令中获得了错误的结果。原因如下：

$ dt=$(date '+%s' -u --date="2024-11-25 20:31:00")
$ echo $dt
1732566660
$ date '+%F %T' -u --date="$dt seconds"
2079-10-21 22:33:33

我做错什么了？

我对这一切都不熟悉，了解不多，但使用的代码是split -b 4GB Super Smash Bros Brawl [RSBE01]，它说split: extra operand "Bros"，我多次更改代码，通过添加 -、更改大小、删除它说的单词，以及添加/删除文件类型 (wbfs)，但我总是得到这个，不知道该怎么做。有人知道如何解决这个问题吗？我花了两天时间在网上寻求帮助。我只是想在我的 Wii 上玩它。更新：我删除了文件名中的所有空格，现在它说Split: cannot open 'SuperSmashBrosBrawl' for reading. No such file exists or directory.更新 2：问题解决了。谢谢你们的帮助

我正在使用带有 GNOME 桌面环境的 Ubuntu 22.04。

另外，我可以在登录时选择桌面环境/Windows 管理器的其他组合：

1. GNOME 经典
2. X11 上的 GNOME
3. Ubuntu
4. X11 上的 Ubuntu

除了安装 GNOME 扩展之外，我也喜欢 GNOME，但我注意到在该桌面环境中，我看不到右上角的图标来最小化和最大化窗口。

如果我选择选项 3 或 4，我可以看到图标，但 GNOME 没有最小/最大功能。我该如何解决这个问题？

我正在尝试从 IOS iPad 连接到 Ubuntu 计算机。按照此处的说明（您可以将 iPhone 连接到 Ubuntu 媒体共享吗？）我已经共享了我的用户文档文件夹并连接到它，但当我尝试打开它时，我收到“内容不可用”消息（见屏幕截图）。我在网上读到了一些建议，删除 IOS 上的文件应用程序并再次下载，重新启动 iPad - 但这些都没有改变。有什么想法可能是什么问题吗？

更新 1：

以下是文件内容/etc/samba/smb.conf。我使用的是 Ubuntu 22.04。我也尝试过从 OSX 连接到 Ubuntu 计算机 - 同样的问题，连接但不显示内容。

# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# We want Samba to only log to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd}.
# Append syslog@1 if you want important messages to be sent to syslog too.
   logging = file

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone server" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = classic
# primary domain controller', 'server role = classic backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap config * :              backend = tdb
;   idmap config * :              range   = 3000-7999
;   idmap config YOURDOMAINHERE : backend = tdb
;   idmap config YOURDOMAINHERE : range   = 100000-999999
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 means that usershare is disabled.
#   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

更新2：

以下输出net usershare info --long：

$ net usershare info --long
[Documents]
path=/home/garrett/Documents
comment=
usershare_acl=Everyone:F,
guest_ok=n

我在个人笔记本电脑上安装了 Ubuntu，并连接到酒店 wifi，我之前在同一台电脑上使用 Windows。这个网络是标准的酒店 wifi，您需要以客人身份输入凭据才能访问，但它直接连接，没有任何提示，就像绕过了路由器提示一样。

我的问题是它是如何做到的？它是否检测到了我笔记本电脑的 MAC 地址，然后就认为是我？

我有一台安装了 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 的笔记本电脑，我正在尝试用最新版本（3.4.8，根据我在互联网上找到的信息，官方 PPA 中不久后将不再提供）替换默认的 Rhythmbox（版本 3.4.7）。我暂时不想使用 Flatpak，而且我也有兴趣学习一次“香肠是如何制作的”。

我已成功完成Rhythmbox GitLab的安装过程。现在我可以使用以下命令从安装目录启动 Rhythmbox：

$ export GSETTINGS_SCHEMA_DIR=$PWD/_install/share/glib-2.0/schemas
$ _install/bin/rhythmbox

我的问题是：如何才能将其转变为标准行为应用程序？基本上，我希望它的行为像 Rhythmbox 的默认版本一样，带有启动器等。

我的猜测（未经证实）是：

1. 将编译结果移动到默认应用程序位置（类似于usr/bin）
2. 制作启动脚本（见上面两行）
3. 创建一个带有快捷方式的启动器（类似于此）

正确的做法是什么？