如何编写 shell 脚本来安装应用程序列表？

Question

Tim

Asked: 2016-04-23 14:20:11 +0800 CST2016-04-23 14:20:11 +0800 CST 2016-04-23 14:20:11 +0800 CST

如何修复 apt 错误“W：Target Packages ... 已配置多次”？

772

我刚刚安装了 Ubuntu Gnome 16.04。我告诉它保存我的文件 - 这很有效。有些软件必须重新安装。现在，当我运行时，sudo apt-get update我看到了：

W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (main/binary-i386/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11 (main/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11-icons (main/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (restricted/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (restricted/binary-i386/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (restricted/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (restricted/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (restricted/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11 (restricted/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11-icons (restricted/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (multiverse/binary-i386/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (multiverse/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (multiverse/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11 (multiverse/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11-icons (multiverse/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: The repository 'http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/stable/Release.gpg: Signature by key 4CCA1EAF950CEE4AB83976DCA040830F7FAC5991 uses weak digest algorithm (SHA1)
W: http://repo.sinew.in/dists/stable/InRelease: Signature by key B6DA722E2E65721AF54B93966F7565879798C2FC uses weak digest algorithm (SHA1)
E: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.152 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.152 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.152 80]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (main/binary-i386/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (main/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11 (main/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11-icons (main/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (restricted/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (restricted/binary-i386/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (restricted/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (restricted/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (restricted/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11 (restricted/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11-icons (restricted/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (multiverse/binary-i386/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Packages (multiverse/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_GB) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target Translations (multiverse/i18n/Translation-en) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11 (multiverse/dep11/Components-amd64.yml) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87
W: Target DEP-11-icons (multiverse/dep11/icons-64x64.tar) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:33 and /etc/apt/sources.list:87

有没有一种自动化的方法来解决这个问题？

8 个回答

Voted

David Foerster · Answer 1 · 2016-04-26T16:35:49+08:00

最近的最新解决方案

我编写了一个 Python 脚本来自动执行此任务。您可以在此处找到最新版本。

安装：

安装先决条件：
```
sudo apt install python3-apt
```
从最新版本下载 PYZ 包 ( aptsources-cleanup.pyz) 。
将 PYZ 捆绑包标记为可执行文件：
```
chmod a+x aptsources-cleanup.pyz
```

用法：

从 PYZ 包的下载位置（参见上面的步骤 2）运行：
```
sudo ./aptsources-cleanup.pyz
```
按照屏幕上显示的说明进行操作。

如果您想报告问题、发表评论或 fork 源代码，请在 GitHub 上进行。

历史过时的解决方案

这是一个更旧、更短、更简单的版本，更适合内联引用：

#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
Detects and interactively deactivates duplicate Apt source entries.

Usage: sudo python3 apt-remove-duplicate-source-entries.py
"""

from __future__ import print_function
import aptsources.sourceslist

EMPTY_COMPONENT_LIST = (None,)

def get_duplicates(sourceslist):
    """
    Detects and returns duplicate Apt source entries.
    """

    sentry_map = dict()
    duplicates = list()
    for se in sourceslist.list:
        if not se.invalid and not se.disabled:
            for c in (se.comps or EMPTY_COMPONENT_LIST):
                key = (se.type, se.uri, se.dist, c)
                previous_se = sentry_map.setdefault(key, se)
                if previous_se is not se:
                    duplicates.append((se, previous_se))
                    break

    return duplicates


if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        input = raw_input
    except NameError:
        pass

    sourceslist = aptsources.sourceslist.SourcesList(False)
    duplicates = get_duplicates(sourceslist)

    if duplicates:
        for dupe, orig in duplicates:
            print(
                'Overlapping source entries:\n'
                '  1. {0}: {1}\n'
                '  2. {2}: {3}\n'
                'I disabled the latter entry.'.format(
                    orig.file, orig, dupe.file, dupe),
                end='\n\n')
            dupe.disabled = True

        print('\n{0} source entries were disabled:'.format(len(duplicates)),
            *[dupe for dupe, orig in duplicates], sep='\n  ', end='\n\n')
        if input('Do you want to save these changes? (y/N) ').upper() == 'Y':
            sourceslist.save()

    else:
        print('No duplicated entries were found.')

它不带任何参数，并且/etc/apt/sources.list*在包的帮助下适用于所有功能python3-apt。行不必完全重复（即使在规范化之后），但如果类型、URI、套件和至少一个组件重叠就足够了。

我不确定相等测试在所有极端情况下是否正确（例如各种“选项”字符串）。

learner · Answer 2 · 2016-11-07T02:50:52+08:00

learner

2016-11-07T02:50:52+08:002016-11-07T02:50:52+08:00

对我来说（16.04 LTS）去

系统设置>>软件和更新>>其他软件并从列表中删除每个重复条目工作正常。

150

Andrew · Answer 3 · 2016-06-04T18:51:48+08:00

Andrew

2016-06-04T18:51:48+08:002016-06-04T18:51:48+08:00

像这样重置您的存储库：

重要提示：首先验证您是否已software-properties-gtk安装（您可以运行software-properties-gtk -h以验证您是否收到帮助消息）
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo software-properties-gtk
选择你的选项
节省

一切正常后，您可以使用sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.bak.

43

mightypile · Answer 4 · 2019-01-15T08:08:12+08:00

mightypile

2019-01-15T08:08:12+08:002019-01-15T08:08:12+08:00

由于错误告诉您问题出在哪里，并且所有问题都是由于单个重复行造成的，因此您可以使用 vim、nano 等文本编辑器轻松手动修复此问题。这样做的一个好处是您可以准确地看到问题是什么，你正在做什么来解决它。

在您的情况下，使用 sudo 或以 root 身份在文本编辑器中打开 /etc/apt/sources.list 。删除第 33 行或第 87 行。您可以先目视检查它们是否重复。

如果你喜欢 vi...

$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
33 [Shift]+g    # to goto line 33
87 [Shift]+g    # to goto line 87, don't need a duplicate of line 33
dd              # to delete the line you're on
:wq             # to write the file and quit

或者，如果你犯了错误，就退出......

:q!             # to quit without saving any changes

31

Mario Olivio Flores · Answer 5 · 2019-01-31T02:37:16+08:00

Mario Olivio Flores

2019-01-31T02:37:16+08:002019-01-31T02:37:16+08:00

对于带有 Linux mint 的基于 Ubuntu 的系统，请转到Software Sources > Maintenance > Remove Duplicate packages

7

Thom Ives · Answer 6 · 2022-03-16T11:03:20+08:00

Thom Ives

2022-03-16T11:03:20+08:002022-03-16T11:03:20+08:00

类似于其他答案，但是...

我不得不查看/etc/apt/sources.list.d。该目录中的两个列表文件试图引用相同的内容。

我保留了引用更多内容的列表文件。问题解决了。

3

logbasex · Answer 7 · 2021-10-17T23:14:47+08:00

logbasex

2021-10-17T23:14:47+08:002021-10-17T23:14:47+08:00

手动编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 并删除重复的行。

1

questionto42standswithUkraine · Answer 8 · 2021-03-21T09:39:45+08:00

对于您无法控制的 Ubuntu 安装程序问题，我认为这不是一个有用的建议。但是，如果您只是在自己编写一些安装命令后遇到此错误，这可能会有所帮助：

在一个 python2 ROS 项目的 Dockerfile 和很多安装apt-get包之前的错误，我首先得到了另一个错误：/bin/sh: 1: python-matplotlib: not found，虽然它是apt-get. 然后我切换到python -m pip install -y matplotlib sympy哪个导致问题的错误：#13 3.422 W: Target Packages (main/binary-all/Packages) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list:1 and /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros1-latest.list:1. 此时，您也可以考虑python2.7 -m pip install -y matplotlib sympy根据this进行测试。然后我切换回

apt-get install -y python-matplotlib python-sympy

apt-get我也将这条线与其他装置分开。

这些步骤可能并非全部都需要，我只是不想取出任何步骤，因为我只能猜测原因。最终工作的 Dockerfile 的一小部分：

RUN apt-get install --upgrade python-pip -y && \
    python -m pip install --upgrade pip
# I have seen during installation that the default fell back to Python3.7 for at least one package:
RUN apt-get install -y MANY_PYTHON2_PACKAGES_PERHAPS_INSTALLED_WITH_PYTHON3.7_DEFAULT
# These packages perhaps need another Python version than the previous?
RUN apt-get install -y python-matplotlib python-sympy
RUN python -m pip install MANY_PYTHON2_PACKAGES_NOT_IN_APT-GET

更新：运行时我再次update遇到错误。我只是放弃了更新。这很有效，因为它之前已经运行了几行：

从：

RUN apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update && \
    apt-get install -y ...

至

RUN apt-get install -y ...

如何修复 apt 错误“W：Target Packages ... 已配置多次”？

最近的最新解决方案

安装：

用法：

历史过时的解决方案

类似于其他答案，但是...

如何运行 .sh 脚本？

如何安装 .tar.gz（或 .tar.bz2）文件？

如何列出所有已安装的软件包

无法锁定管理目录 (/var/lib/dpkg/) 是另一个进程在使用它吗？

如何修复 apt 错误“W：Target Packages ... 已配置多次”？

8 个回答

最近的最新解决方案

安装：

用法：

历史过时的解决方案

类似于其他答案，但是...

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