我认为我的问题是双重的（除非不是），但它们来自我将一些 HDD 分区迁移到新的 SSD 驱动器。使用Boot-Repair，我现在可以启动 Ubuntu 22.04，但 Window 10 无法启动，我很确定 Grub 是其中的一部分。
我有两个驱动器，分别是 /dev/sda 和 /dev/nvme0n1。我从未使用过任何这些驱动器管理工具来写入 /dev/sda，所以应该不会发生任何事情。但如果我尝试从其中任何一个启动 Windows，它都不会起作用。
/dev/sda 包括：
- /dev/sda1：Linux 交换
- /dev/sda2：Linux启动
- /dev/sda3：另一个 ext4
- /dev/sda4：Windows 10
/dev/nvme0n1 包括：
- /dev/nvme0n1p1：/dev/sda2 的克隆（Linux 启动）
- /dev/nvme0n1p2：/dev/sda4 的克隆（Windows 10）
- /dev/nvme0n1p3：尚无文件系统，但标记为 ext4
我已经从 /dev/nvme0n1p1 运行os-prober，grub-update因此这些工具已经尽其所能。
从 /dev/nvme0n1 启动
Grub 现在可以访问任一驱动器上的每个分区，并且我可以启动 Ubuntu，但如果我尝试启动 /dev/nvme0n1p2或/dev/sda4，我会立即收到提示“发生磁盘读取错误 // 按 Ctrl-Alt-Del 重新启动”
引导修复摘要：
============================= Boot Repair Summary ==============================
Default settings: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub2 of
nvme0n1p1 into the MBR of nvme0n1.
Grub-efi would not be selected by default because no ESP detected.
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s
Confirmation request before suggested repair: __________________________________
LegacyWindows detected. The boot of your PC is in EFI mode. You may want to retry after changing it to BIOS-compatibility/CSM/Legacy mode.
Are you sure you want to continue anyway?
Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________
Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on nvme0n1 (TEAM TM8FP6512G) disk!
The boot files of [nvme0n1p1 (end>100GB)] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)Please set your BIOS in Legacy mode in order to start your Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS, then type command [sudo update-grub] in order to add the MacOS entry to your GRUB menu.
User settings: _________________________________________________________________
The settings chosen by the user will reinstall the grub2 of
nvme0n1p1 into the MBR of nvme0n1.
Grub-efi will not be selected by default because no ESP detected.
Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s
Unhide GRUB boot menu in nvme0n1p1/etc/default/grub
==================== Reinstall the grub2 of /dev/nvme0n1p1 =====================
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1 grub-install --version
grub-install (GRUB) 2.06-2ubuntu7.2
==> Reinstall the GRUB of /dev/nvme0n1p1 into the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1 grub-install /dev/nvme0n1
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1 update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-116-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-116-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-113-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-113-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-76-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-76-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-104-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-104-generic
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sdb1. Check your device.map.
Found Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (22.04) on /dev/sda2
Unhide GRUB boot menu in nvme0n1p1/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Boot successfully repaired.
You can now reboot your computer.
Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on nvme0n1 (TEAM TM8FP6512G) disk!
The boot files of [nvme0n1p1 (end>100GB)] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)Please set your BIOS in Legacy mode in order to start your Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS, then type command [sudo update-grub] in order to add the MacOS entry to your GRUB menu.
============================ Boot Info After Repair ============================
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1 and looks at sector
1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and
looks for (,msdos1)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_msdos biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos2)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_msdos biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
nvme0n1p1: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: Grub Legacy
Boot sector info: Grub Legacy (v) is installed in the boot sector of
nvme0n1p1 and looks at sector 17096832 of the same
hard drive for the stage2 file, but no stage2 files
can be found at this location.
Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
nvme0n1p2: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, nvme0n1p2
starts at sector 1743808512. But according to the info
from fdisk, nvme0n1p2 starts at sector 204802048.
Operating System: Windows 8 or 10
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
nvme0n1p3: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: Grub Legacy
Boot sector info: Grub Legacy (v) is installed in the boot sector of
sda2 and looks at sector 17096832 of the same hard
drive for the stage2 file, but no stage2 files can be
found at this location.
Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 8 or 10
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sdb: ___________________________________________________________________________
File system: iso9660
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/FD/sdb: /dev/sdb already mounted or mount point busy.
================================ 4 OS detected =================================
OS#1: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS on nvme0n1p1
OS#2: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS on sda2
OS#3: Windows 8 or 10 on nvme0n1p2
OS#4: Windows 8 or 10 on sda4
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: GM107 [GeForce GTX 750 Ti] from NVIDIA Corporation
Live-session OS is Linuxmint 64-bit (Linux Mint 21.2, victoria, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: P2.20(5.17) from American Megatrends International, LLC.
The firmware is EFI-compatible, and is set in EFI-mode for this live-session.
SecureBoot disabled (confirmed by mokutil).
BootCurrent: 000D
Timeout: 1 seconds
BootOrder: 000D,0000,000C,000E,000A
Boot0000* Windows Boot Manager HD(4,MBR,0x1d8e78d7,0x67f06800,0xc7ff800)/File(\EFI\MICROSOFT\BOOT\BOOTMGFW.EFI)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}....................
Boot000A* Hard Drive BBS(HD,,0x0)..GO..NO........{.T.E.A.M. .T.M.8.F.P.6.5.1.2.G....................A..........................dy..... .....>..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.T.P.B.F.2.3.1.2.1.2.0.0.3.0.2.0.2.9.9.2........BO..NO........u.S.T.3.1.0.0.0.5.2.4.A.S....................A.................................>..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L. . . . . . . . . . . . .V.9.C.P.E.W.2.N........BO
Boot000C* CD/DVD Drive BBS(CDROM,,0x0)..GO..NO........u.H.L.-.D.T.-.S.T. .D.V.D.R.A.M. .G.H.2.4.N.S.7.0....................A.................................>..Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.4.K.B.U.J.5.0.6.5.3. .9. . . . . . . . ........BO
Boot000D* UEFI OS HD(2,MBR,0x14eb2669,0x23c,0x2130)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI)..BO
Boot000E* USB BBS(USB,,0x0)..GO..NO........a.J.M.i.c.r.o.n. .T.e.c.h. .0.5.0.8....................A................................Gd-.;.A..MQ..L.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.6........BO
ed45adef8b51b968450611d9d89804b4 sda4/Boot/bootx64.efi
13bbe79f47b4d57f791e51f5c01f7ac8 sda4/Microsoft/Boot/SecureBootRecovery.efi
ed45adef8b51b968450611d9d89804b4 sda4/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
0155f61ba8a2b8a43ff6c21012230205 sda4/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
nvme0n1 : notGPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
sda : notGPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : is-os, 64, apt-get, grub-pc , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, end-after-100GB
nvme0n1p2 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, end-after-100GB
nvme0n1p3 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, end-after-100GB
sda2 : is-os, 64, apt-get, grub-pc , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, not-far
sda3 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, end-after-100GB
sda4 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, end-after-100GB
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : isnotESP, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
nvme0n1p3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda2 : isnotESP, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda4 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p2 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p3 : maybesepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
sda2 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
sda3 : maybesepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sda4 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk nvme0n1: 476.94 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x000d06a8
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
nvme0n1p1 2048 204802047 204800000 97.7G 83 Linux
nvme0n1p2 * 204802048 598018047 393216000 187.5G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
nvme0n1p3 598018048 1000214527 402196480 191.8G 83 Linux
Disk sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x1d8e78d7
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sda1 2048 27097087 27095040 12.9G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
sda2 27097088 152436735 125339648 59.8G 83 Linux
sda3 152436736 1743808511 1591371776 758.8G 83 Linux
sda4 * 1743808512 1953521663 209713152 100G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Disk sdb: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x14eb2669
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdb1 * 0 5138431 5138432 2.5G 0 Empty
sdb2 572 9067 8496 4.1M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
sdb3 5140480 1953525167 1948384688 929.1G 83 Linux
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:1000GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:ATA ST31000524AS:;
1:1049kB:13.9GB:13.9GB:linux-swap(v1)::;
2:13.9GB:78.0GB:64.2GB:ext4::;
3:78.0GB:893GB:815GB:ext4::;
4:893GB:1000GB:107GB:ntfs::boot;
sdb:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:JMicron Tech:;
2:293kB:4643kB:4350kB:::esp;
3:2632MB:1000GB:998GB:ext4::;
nvme0n1:512GB:nvme:512:512:msdos:TEAM TM8FP6512G:;
1:1049kB:105GB:105GB:ext4::;
2:105GB:306GB:201GB:ntfs::boot;
3:306GB:512GB:206GB:ext4::;
Free space >10MiB: ______________________________________________________________
sdb: 4.43MiB:2510MiB:2506MiB
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 swap 019e69d5-cbf4-4bf4-8f6f-1002f27bb8ad 1d8e78d7-01
├─sda2 ext4 f7c1939e-6939-417e-af42-7f9980294b87 1d8e78d7-02
├─sda3 ext4 e7dd6327-d1f8-40b8-9c74-5f1c9b088ebd 1d8e78d7-03
└─sda4 ntfs 08C80847C808358A 1d8e78d7-04
sdb iso9660 2023-12-23-05-05-55-00 Boot-Repair-Disk 64bit
├─sdb1 iso9660 2023-12-23-05-05-55-00 14eb2669-01 Boot-Repair-Disk 64bit
├─sdb2 vfat 8D6C-A9F8 14eb2669-02 ESP
└─sdb3 ext4 dbdf4531-251f-4191-a2c3-4e2904238123 14eb2669-03 writable
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 ext4 da5f7597-a235-4b9e-a118-16f157daf97d 000d06a8-01 UBUNTU_ROOT
├─nvme0n1p2 ntfs 08C80847C808358A 000d06a8-02
└─nvme0n1p3 ext4 87181479-e982-492f-9ba5-c36df1fe41bf 000d06a8-03
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p1 55.1G 37% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1
/dev/nvme0n1p2 99.1G 47% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p2
/dev/nvme0n1p3 179G 0% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p3
/dev/sda2 20G 61% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sda3 284G 62% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3
/dev/sda4 11.3G 89% /mnt/boot-sav/sda4
/dev/sdb1 0 100% /cdrom
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 rw,relatime,stripe=32639
/dev/nvme0n1p2 fuseblk rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
/dev/nvme0n1p3 ext4 rw,relatime
/dev/sda2 ext4 rw,relatime,stripe=32639
/dev/sda3 ext4 rw,relatime,stripe=32750
/dev/sda4 fuseblk rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
/dev/sdb1 iso9660 ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048,iocharset=utf8
=================== nvme0n1p1/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ====================
Ubuntu da5f7597-a235-4b9e-a118-16f157daf97d
Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (22.04) (on sda2) f7c1939e-6939-417e-af42-7f9980294b87
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
======================== nvme0n1p1/etc/fstab (filtered) ========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=da5f7597-a235-4b9e-a118-16f157daf97d / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /home was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=e7dd6327-d1f8-40b8-9c74-5f1c9b088ebd /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=019e69d5-cbf4-4bf4-8f6f-1002f27bb8ad none swap sw 0 0
192.168.1.105:/mnt/mainhdd/dospace/ /mnt/pi/ nfs defaults,noauto,wsize=65536,retrans=5 0 0
==================== nvme0n1p1/etc/default/grub (filtered) =====================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
================= nvme0n1p1: Location of files loaded by Grub ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
61.751464844 = 66.305130496 boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
38.652488708 = 41.502793728 boot/vmlinuz 2
40.816543579 = 43.826429952 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-113-generic 2
38.652488708 = 41.502793728 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-116-generic 2
31.168018341 = 33.466404864 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-76-generic 1
7.794952393 = 8.369766400 boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-104-generic 1
40.816543579 = 43.826429952 boot/vmlinuz.old 2
59.860347748 = 64.274558976 boot/initrd.img 5
29.602535248 = 31.785480192 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-113-generic 8
59.860347748 = 64.274558976 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-116-generic 5
57.750972748 = 62.009634816 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-76-generic 8
49.625972748 = 53.285482496 boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-104-generic 4
29.602535248 = 31.785480192 boot/initrd.img.old 8
=================== nvme0n1p1: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ===================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18683 Apr 15 2022 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43031 Apr 15 2022 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14387 Dec 18 2022 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13369 Apr 15 2022 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1372 Apr 15 2022 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Feb 21 2022 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Apr 11 2014 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Apr 15 2022 41_custom
====================== sda2/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Ubuntu f7c1939e-6939-417e-af42-7f9980294b87
Windows 10 (on sda4) 08C80847C808358A
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
========================== sda2/etc/fstab (filtered) ===========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=f7c1939e-6939-417e-af42-7f9980294b87 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /home was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=e7dd6327-d1f8-40b8-9c74-5f1c9b088ebd /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=019e69d5-cbf4-4bf4-8f6f-1002f27bb8ad none swap sw 0 0
192.168.1.105:/mnt/mainhdd/dospace/ /mnt/pi/ nfs defaults,noauto,wsize=65536,retrans=5 0 0
======================= sda2/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
==================== sda2: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
19.049831390 = 20.454600704 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
71.342910767 = 76.603867136 boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
53.736465454 = 57.699090432 boot/vmlinuz 2
28.858394623 = 30.986465280 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-112-generic 2
53.736465454 = 57.699090432 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-113-generic 2
44.087940216 = 47.339065344 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-76-generic 1
20.714874268 = 22.242426880 boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-104-generic 1
28.858394623 = 30.986465280 boot/vmlinuz.old 2
70.022457123 = 75.186040832 boot/initrd.img 3
71.408851624 = 76.674670592 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-112-generic 5
70.022457123 = 75.186040832 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-113-generic 3
66.545894623 = 71.453110272 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-76-generic 4
46.304576874 = 49.719160832 boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-104-generic 5
71.408851624 = 76.674670592 boot/initrd.img.old 5
===================== sda2: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ======================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18683 Apr 15 2022 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43031 Apr 15 2022 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14387 Dec 18 2022 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13369 Apr 15 2022 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1372 Apr 15 2022 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Feb 21 2022 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Apr 11 2014 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Apr 15 2022 41_custom
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =========================
Unknown BootLoader on sdb
sprunge.us ko ()
从 /dev/dsa 引导
就像我说的，我没有使用任何这些工具来写入 /dev/sda，但如果我尝试从安装在 /dev/sda 上的 grub 启动 /dev/dsa4，它会开始启动但随后停止，出现一般错误，然后重新启动。这就是我认为 /dev/nvme0n1 上的问题出在 grub 上的原因。
我希望我可以提供一些更具体的错误消息/代码，但我还没有看到。
所以我认为这个问题可以分解为两个：
- /dev/nvme0n1 上的 Grub 无法正确加载任何一个 Windows 分区。
- /dev/sda 上的 grub 可能有问题，也可能没问题，但显然有问题。我担心的是使用 MS 工具来纠正这个问题，因为它往往会破坏 Linux 安装。
我曾尝试使用 Google 搜索此类问题，但缺少特定的关键词，而且我发现的很多问题都是 10 年前的，可能不足以解决我的问题。
查看 Windows 分区
/dev/sda4是否包含/boot和或/EFI不包含？似乎您丢失了 Windows 启动配置数据文件 (BCD) 或它已更改。
要解决此问题，请通过 Windows 安装媒体或 HBCD-PE 重新启动，您可以通过以下命令从文件夹重新安装或复制支持在基于 UEFI 或基于 BIOS 的计算机上启动的 BCD 文件
C:\Windows到 C 驱动器的根目录：If the Windows partition takes another letter than c, you must assign the letter C for it before applying the above command. after that, reboot by Ubuntu and
sudo update-grub. if this fixes the Windows boot of/dev/sda4, try the same solution with/dev/nvme0n1p2.update:
I recommend HBCD_PE_x64.iso because when you boot by HBCD, you will find many tools like BootIce, EasyBCD, Windows disk management tool, cmd, and other tools in addition to the GUI as in normal Windows.
Create USB drive contains multi Ubuntu versions, HBCD-PE-64, and multi Windows installation from Ubuntu
to create a bootable USB for this ISO from Windows (I see in the comment you can use Windows):
open cmd, copy or write one by one, and enter:
Copy all the content in the ISO file to the root of the USB flash drive.
Now you can reboot by HBCD_PE, open the Windows disk management tool, and make sure that the Windows partition takes the C letter, if it takes another letter change it to C.
Open cmd and apply:
After Windows boot configuration data files are placed in the C partition, you can use BootIce to read and/or edit the BCD file
Reboot with Ubuntu to
update-grub.