systemd-boot 安装失败

我在多引导系统上用 systemd-boot 替换 GRUB，在离散分区上有几个 Ubuntu 20.04 和 22.04 实例，因为这些实例正在争夺引导加载程序 grubx64.efi 的控制权，而 systemd-boot 显然可以更好地管理这一点。

安装失败并拒绝配置。特别是，systemd-boot 会忽略配置的引导条目，并且通常系统引导到 grub shell，需要手动引导。

我遵循的过程是推荐的。ESP 是 /dev/sda1，默认挂载到 /boot/efi。引导分区是 /dev/sda2-7，其中 2、4 和 7 最相关，其他仅临时配置。首先，我跑了：

# bootctl install

然后我配置了/boot/efi/loader/loader.conf：

#       /boot/efi/loader/loader.conf
#       systemd-boot configuration file    
timeout 5
#default 4fa9a5bf4498415ead7dea7c2724e90a-*
#       From man loader.conf, Options, default, at https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/loader.conf.html:
default @saved
console-mode keep

然后我在 /boot/efi/loader/entries 的 .conf 文件中配置了引导条目，所有这些都采用以下形式：

#       /boot/efi/loader/entries/sdx4.conf
#       Boot entry configuration file.    
title sdx4 - Ubuntu Desktop 22.04
linux ../vmlinuz
initrd ../initrd.img
options root=PARTUUID=9d1de6a4-452c-42d2-bf18-acee90032326 rw

然后，在推荐的重新引导时，systemd-boot 会显示一个菜单，其中仅包含默认引导加载程序的选项，该引导加载程序引导至 GRUB shell，并引导至 EFI 配置实用程序。

内核文件保留在 /boot 中，因为 linux-update-symlinks 在 /boot 中创建符号链接 initrd.img 和 vmlinuz 并且 FAT32 不支持符号链接。

bootctl status

返回

System:
     Firmware: n/a (n/a)
  Secure Boot: disabled
   Setup Mode: user
 TPM2 Support: no
 Boot into FW: supported

Current Boot Loader:
      Product: n/a
     Features: ✗ Boot counting
               ✗ Menu timeout control
               ✗ One-shot menu timeout control
               ✗ Default entry control
               ✗ One-shot entry control
               ✗ Support for XBOOTLDR partition
               ✗ Support for passing random seed to OS
               ✗ Boot loader sets ESP information
          ESP: n/a
         File: └─n/a

Random Seed:
 Passed to OS: no
 System Token: set
       Exists: yes

Available Boot Loaders on ESP:
          ESP: /boot/efi (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7)
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi (systemd-boot 249.11-0ubuntu3.1)
         File: └─/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI

Boot Loaders Listed in EFI Variables:
        Title: ubuntu
           ID: 0x0000
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7
         File: └─/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi

        Title: ubuntu
           ID: 0x0002
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7
         File: └─/EFI/debian/shimx64.efi

        Title: Linux Boot Manager
           ID: 0x0001
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7
         File: └─/EFI/systemd/systemd-bootx64.efi

        Title: UEFI OS
           ID: 0x0005
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7
         File: └─/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI

        Title: ubuntu
           ID: 0x0006
       Status: active, boot-order
    Partition: /dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7
         File: └─EFI/Ubuntu/grubx64.efi

Boot Loader Entries:
        $BOOT: /boot/efi (/dev/disk/by-partuuid/3aa3442b-045b-4b22-8e8b-6c01a5571ce7)

Default Boot Loader Entry:
        title: sdx7 - Ubuntu Desktop 22.04
           id: sdx7.conf
       source: /boot/efi/loader/entries/sdx7.conf
        linux: ../vmlinuz
       initrd: ../initrd.img
      options: root=PARTUUID=67027db9-885b-471b-9c01-4b2108e6f7e9 rw

tree /boot/efi

返回

/boot/efi/EFI
├── BOOT
│   ├── BOOTX64.EFI
│   ├── fbx64.efi
│   └── mmx64.efi
├── debian
│   ├── BOOTX64.CSV
│   ├── grub.cfg
│   ├── grubx64.efi
│   ├── mmx64.efi
│   └── shimx64.efi
├── Linux
├── systemd
│   └── systemd-bootx64.efi
└── ubuntu
    ├── BOOTX64.CSV
    ├── grub.cfg
    ├── grubx64.efi
    ├── mmx64.efi
    └── shimx64.efi

5 directories, 14 files

这是一场灾难。没有任何文档提供线索，谷歌也没有。任何关于如何让 systemd-boot 工作的建设性想法将不胜感激。