4 个月前，我制作了一个 .sh 脚本，每隔一段时间向自己发送我的 IP 地址，以便能够使用 ssh 远程连接到我的计算机。有几个月我没有使用它，因为我在家工作。我又要离开一段时间了，所以我会用它来连接我的台式电脑，只是，完全没有理由，当我运行脚本时，我不再收到邮件，即使脚本似乎像往常一样运行。我升级了 sendmail-bin 和 mailutils，根据我的记忆（以及回顾我制作脚本时的 bash 命令历史记录），我安装并使用了当时制作脚本的所有内容。
它很简单，基本上是一个 5 行脚本，它是这样的：
#!/bin/bash
echo "O.K."
while true
do
ip="$(dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com)"
echo "My WAN/Public IP address: ${ip}"
echo $ip | mail -s "${ip}" [email protected]
echo "sent"
sleep 10800
done
当我运行它时，脚本会打印“已发送”，我故意将其放入终端以确认它已被发送。
me@myMacine:~$ ./ipsender.sh
O.K.
My WAN/Public IP address: 111.111.11.111
sent
我什至仍然在我的 gmail 垃圾邮件文件夹中保留了带有我的 IP 地址的电子邮件（我以前在我的垃圾邮件文件夹中获取它，这对我来说很好，现在我根本没有收到邮件），旧邮件在发送地址中有我自己计算机的用户名和名称作为域。我真的想不出我在做什么不同的事情，什么都没有；本质上它都是一样的，因此无法想出它不起作用的任何理由。我不再收到任何电子邮件，这就是我所知道的。我也试过 hotmail.com 地址。
我希望你们能帮助我理解为什么我没有收到电子邮件以及我可以做些什么来解决它。
另外我已经知道有一些方法可以使用我自己的 gmail 地址，使用其他包以及我的 gmail 帐户和密码等。我宁愿继续使用相同的方法并保持简单，再次，我没有理由改变它如果我知道它可以工作；简单就是我的剧本的全部内容。
谢谢你。
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这是我通过运行得到的tail -f /var/log/maillog：
me@myComputer:~$ sudo tail -f /var/log/mail.log
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542YSqo007914: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:30:42, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3000000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9230]: w542Vs2b007865: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9230]: w542Vs2b007865: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542Vs2b007865: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:33:16, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3090000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9231]: w542JjVF007748: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9231]: w542JjVF007748: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542JjVF007748: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:45:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3180000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9232]: w542B0U6007560: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9232]: w542B0U6007560: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:05:10 myComputer sm-mta[9213]: w542B0U6007560: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=05:54:10, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=3270000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
这是我运行脚本 ( ./ipsender.sh) 后得到的结果：
Jun 4 03:11:09 myComputer sendmail[9292]: My unqualified host name (myComputer) unknown; sleeping for retry
这是一个很长的停顿，脚本将等待。完成邮件命令并从脚本打印“已发送”后，我在 mail.log 上得到了这个：
Jun 4 03:12:09 myComputer sendmail[9292]: unable to qualify my own domain name (myComputer) -- using short name
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sendmail[9292]: w548C9EK009292: from=me@myComputer, size=134, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040812.w548C9EK009292@myComputer>, relay=me@localhost
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9303]: w548CAhp009303: from=<me@myComputer>, size=383, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040812.w548C9EK009292@myComputer>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sendmail[9292]: w548C9EK009292: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=me@myComputer (1000/1000), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30134, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w548CAhp009303 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=TLSv1.2, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: w548CAhp009303: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<me@myComputer> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120383, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [74.125.198.26], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: w548CAhp009303: w548CAhp009305: DSN: Service unavailable
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9307]: w548CAhp009305: Warning: program /usr/sbin/sensible-mda unsafe: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9307]: w548CAhp009305: SYSERR(root): Cannot exec /usr/sbin/sensible-mda: No such file or directory
Jun 4 03:12:10 myComputer sm-mta[9305]: w548CAhp009305: to=<me@myComputer>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Operating system error
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安装后sensible-mda，输出tail -f /var/log/mail.log如下（仍然不会收到任何邮件）：
casillas@DeepNoble:~$ sudo tail -f /var/log/mail.log
Jun 4 03:46:19 DeepNoble sm-mta[11230]: w548kJ5M011230: to=<casillas@DeepNoble>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent
Jun 4 03:47:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: My unqualified host name (DeepNoble) unknown; sleeping for retry
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: unable to qualify my own domain name (DeepNoble) -- using short name
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: w548mESn011253: from=casillas@DeepNoble, size=134, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040848.w548mESn011253@DeepNoble>, relay=casillas@localhost
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11277]: w548mECQ011277: from=<casillas@DeepNoble>, size=383, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040848.w548mESn011253@DeepNoble>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sendmail[11253]: w548mESn011253: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=casillas@DeepNoble (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30134, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w548mECQ011277 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=TLSv1.2, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: w548mECQ011277: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<casillas@DeepNoble> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120383, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [173.194.67.26], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: w548mECQ011277: w548mECQ011279: DSN: Service unavailable
Jun 4 03:48:14 DeepNoble sm-mta[11279]: w548mECQ011279: to=<casillas@DeepNoble>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent
运行脚本，然后：
Jun 4 03:52:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: My unqualified host name (DeepNoble) unknown; sleeping for retry
长时间的停顿，脚本打印“sent”，然后：
Jun 4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: unable to qualify my own domain name (DeepNoble) -- using short name
Jun 4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: w548rgKs011335: from=casillas@DeepNoble, size=134, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040853.w548rgKs011335@DeepNoble>, relay=casillas@localhost
Jun 4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sm-mta[11342]: w548rgYu011342: from=<casillas@DeepNoble>, size=383, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201806040853.w548rgKs011335@DeepNoble>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun 4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sendmail[11335]: w548rgKs011335: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=casillas@DeepNoble (1000/1000), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30134, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w548rgYu011342 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun 4 03:53:42 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: STARTTLS=client, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com., version=TLSv1.2, verify=FAIL, cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, bits=128/128
Jun 4 03:53:43 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: w548rgYu011342: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<casillas@DeepNoble> (1000/1000), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=120383, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [74.125.198.27], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable
Jun 4 03:53:43 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: w548rgYu011342: w548rhYu011344: DSN: Service unavailable
Jun 4 03:53:43 DeepNoble sm-mta[11344]: w548rhYu011344: to=<casillas@DeepNoble>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30000, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent
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这是我通过阅读本地邮件 ( echo p | mail) 得到的信息，我用“ +++.+++.++.+++”模糊了我当前的 IP 地址：
me@myComputer:~$ echo p | mail
"/var/mail/me": 23 messages 23 new
>N 1 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2540 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 2 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 64/2674 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 3 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2540 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 4 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2541 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 5 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2541 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 6 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2540 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 7 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2541 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 8 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2542 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 9 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2540 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 10 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2543 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 11 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2517 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 12 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2518 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 13 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2519 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 14 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2519 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 15 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2518 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 16 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2518 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 17 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 64/2651 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 18 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2519 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 19 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2516 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 20 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:45 68/2519 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 21 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:46 64/2674 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 22 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:48 68/2538 Returned mail: see transcript for details
N 23 Mail Delivery Subs lun jun 4 03:53 68/2540 Returned mail: see transcript for details
Return-Path: <MAILER-DAEMON>
Received: from localhost (localhost)
by myComputer (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-3) id w548GKL8009375;
Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:20 -0500
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:20 -0500
From: Mail Delivery Subsystem <MAILER-DAEMON>
Message-Id: <201806040816.w548GKL8009375@myComputer>
To: <me@myComputer>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status;
boundary="w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer"
Subject: Returned mail: see transcript for details
Auto-Submitted: auto-generated (failure)
Content-Length: 1983
This is a MIME-encapsulated message
--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer
The original message was received at Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
from localhost [127.0.0.1]
----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----
<[email protected]>
(reason: 550-5.7.1 [+++.+++.++.+++] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized to)
----- Transcript of session follows -----
... while talking to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.:
>>> DATA
<<< 550-5.7.1 [+++.+++.++.+++] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized to
<<< 550-5.7.1 send email directly to our servers. Please use the SMTP relay at your
<<< 550-5.7.1 service provider instead. Learn more at
<<< 550 5.7.1 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=NotAuthorizedError q52-v6si5112685otc.25 - gsmtp
554 5.0.0 Service unavailable
--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer
Content-Type: message/delivery-status
Reporting-MTA: dns; myComputer
Received-From-MTA: DNS; localhost
Arrival-Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
Final-Recipient: RFC822; [email protected]
Action: failed
Status: 5.7.1
Remote-MTA: DNS; gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com
Diagnostic-Code: SMTP; 550-5.7.1 [+++.+++.++.+++] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized to
Last-Attempt-Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:20 -0500
--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer
Content-Type: text/rfc822-headers
Return-Path: <me@myComputer>
Received: from myComputer (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by myComputer (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-3) with ESMTP id w548GJL8009373
for <[email protected]>; Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
Received: (from me@localhost)
by myComputer (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id w548GJsR009365;
Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 03:16:19 -0500
From: me <me@myComputer>
Message-Id: <201806040816.w548GJsR009365@myComputer>
Subject: regarding the incredibly deadly viper
To: <[email protected]>
X-Mailer: mail (GNU Mailutils 2.99.99)
--w548GKL8009375.1528100180/myComputer--
Saved 1 message in /home/me/mbox
Held 22 messages in /var/mail/me
Google 不再允许您的 IP 直接向他们的服务器发送邮件。您必须使用 SMTP 中继。