我是一个对 DevOps 和软件开发感兴趣的相对新手机器学习工程师，对于含糊不清和基于意见的问题感到抱歉。
但是许多教授一些云概念的博客和教程建议我不要使用会导致供应商锁定的服务，但没有明确说明它们是什么类型的服务。
例如，如果我使用自动化脚本来管理云服务器启动等，那么我应该使用 Terraform 等开源脚本，而不是 AWS 或 Azure CLI 吗？
当我编排 Docker 容器和运行 Web 服务时，我是否应该避免使用 Fargate 或 ECS 等更高级别的抽象，恢复到在 EC2 实例（如本地 Linux 服务器）内启动容器？
但无论如何，我仍然必须使用非常特定于云的解决方案和 API 来与它们交互，对吗？例如，Amazon S3 存储桶与 Azure 博客存储提供类似的服务，但 API 不同。
或者我是不是完全错误地理解了这个概念，它意味着完全不同的东西。将不胜感激一些会导致或不会导致所谓的供应商锁定的决策示例。
再次为初学者问题道歉。
使用 Ubuntu 22.04 运行 Amazon EC2 实例。弹性ip地址为52.120.94.72。
我希望 bash 提示符这样读（没有空格）
[email protected]:~/working_directory$
根据网上的一些建议，我像这样编辑了 /etc/hosts 文件的顶部
127.0.0.1 localhost 52.120.94.72
甚至将以下行添加到 .bashrc
export PS1='\[\033[0;32m\]\u@\h:\[\033[36m\]\W\[\033[0m\] \$ '
但它不起作用，目前，bash 提示看起来像
della@52:~ $
这太荒谬了。如何让它看起来像我想要的。此外，$HOSTNAME 环境变量在此上下文中是否重要？特别是，如果我在这种情况下运行一些网络服务器，我可以只使用 ip 地址进行调用，对吧？不需要主机名。
使用 Ubuntu Focal 窝。我试图为 VPN 安装检查点 ssl 软件，但似乎有些东西弄乱了我的所有证书。现在每当我尝试
sudo apt-get update
我收到以下错误。
Get:1 file:/var/cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2004-8.3.1.22 InRelease
Ign:1 file:/var/cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2004-8.3.1.22 InRelease
Get:2 file:/var/cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2004-8.3.1.22 Release [564 B]
Get:2 file:/var/cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2004-8.3.1.22 Release [564 B]
Ign:3 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Ign:4 https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-neon-focal/raw/master stable InRelease
Err:5 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 74.125.68.91 443]
Ign:6 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu focal InRelease
Ign:7 https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-focal/raw/master stable InRelease
Err:8 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu focal Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 199.232.46.217 443]
Ign:9 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli focal InRelease
Err:10 https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-neon-focal/raw/master stable Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 172.65.251.78 443]
Ign:11 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams stable InRelease
Err:12 https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-focal/raw/master stable Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 172.65.251.78 443]
Err:13 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli focal Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 40.65.182.21 443]
Ign:14 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease
Ign:15 https://desktop-download.mendeley.com/download/apt stable InRelease
Err:16 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams stable Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 40.65.182.21 443]
Err:17 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 13.33.33.8 443]
Err:19 https://desktop-download.mendeley.com/download/apt stable Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 162.159.130.86 443]
Ign:20 https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any any InRelease
Ign:21 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 InRelease
Err:22 https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 152.199.39.144 443]
Hit:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:24 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Ign:25 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease
Hit:26 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release
Hit:27 http://deb.volian.org/volian scar InRelease
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Hit:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net/alessandro-strada/ppa/ubuntu focal InRelease
Err:30 https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any any Release
Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate issuer is unknown. Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 52.52.107.175 443]
Get:31 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Hit:33 http://ppa.launchpad.net/inkscape.dev/stable/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:34 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [108 kB]
Reading package lists... Done
W: https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/stable/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-neon-focal/raw/master/dists/stable/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/stable/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-focal/raw/master/dists/stable/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/dists/focal/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli/dists/focal/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu focal Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-neon-focal/raw/master/dists/stable/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-neon-focal/raw/master stable Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams/dists/stable/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-focal/raw/master/dists/stable/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://gitlab.com/feren-os/feren-repositories-focal/raw/master stable Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli/dists/focal/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli focal Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://desktop-download.mendeley.com/download/apt/dists/stable/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams/dists/stable/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams stable Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://desktop-download.mendeley.com/download/apt/dists/stable/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://desktop-download.mendeley.com/download/apt stable Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/dists/any/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64/InRelease: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
W: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64 Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/dists/any/Release: No system certificates available. Try installing ca-certificates.
E: The repository 'https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any any Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
什么是出路，保存重新安装一切的核选项？N：有关存储库创建和用户配置的详细信息，请参见 apt-secure(8) 手册页。N：跳过获取配置文件“main/binary-i386/Packages”作为存储库“http://deb.volian.org/volian Scar InRelease”不支持架构“i386”