例如在/etc/hosts文件为空的 ubuntu 20.04 LTS 中：
>>> cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
ping仍然适用于本地主机的任何子域：
>>> ping test.localhost
PING test.localhost(ip6-localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ip6-localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from ip6-localhost (::1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.049 ms
^C
--- test.localhost ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1028ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.049/0.053/0.058/0.004 ms
或者：
>>> ping test2.localhost
PING test2.localhost(ip6-localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ip6-localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from ip6-localhost (::1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
^C
--- test2.localhost ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.042/0.052/0.063/0.010 ms
这个答案暗示涉及系统解析器，但它实际上是如何发生的？
如果localhostin/etc/hosts被替换为另一个值，则子域不再起作用：
>>> cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 testname
>>> ping testname
PING testname (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from testname (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
64 bytes from testname (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.080 ms
^C
--- testname ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1011ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.071/0.075/0.080/0.004 ms
>>> ping new.testname
ping: new.testname: Name or service not known
为什么它适用于 localhost 而没有其他主机名，它是如何实现的？
