Kai's questions

我在 Azure 云中运行了一些 Ubuntu 16.04 VM。每当我重新启动 VM 时，我都必须手动设置默认网关。

网关应该由 dhclient 设置。我激活了调试并得到了这个：

root@backend01:/etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d# cat /tmp/dhclient-script.debug

root@backend01:/etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d# cat /tmp/dhclient-script.debug
Thu Jun  2 17:18:33 UTC 2016: entering /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d, dumping variables.
reason='PREINIT'
interface='eth0'
--------------------------
Thu Jun  2 17:18:33 UTC 2016: entering /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d, dumping variables.
reason='REBOOT'
interface='eth0'
new_ip_address='10.10.0.13'
new_network_number='10.10.0.0'
new_subnet_mask='255.255.0.0'
new_broadcast_address='10.10.255.255'
new_routers='10.10.0.1'
new_rfc3442_classless_static_routes='0 10 10 0 1 32 168 63 129 16 10 10 0 1'
new_domain_name='azure-prod'
new_domain_search='azure-prod.'
new_domain_name_servers='10.11.0.250 10.11.0.251'

所以路由器选项设置正确。甚至租约文件也显示了正确的值：

lease {
  interface "eth0";
  fixed-address 10.10.0.13;
  server-name "RD7CFE90879C98";
  option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;
  option dhcp-lease-time 4294967295;
  option routers 10.10.0.1;
  option dhcp-message-type 5;
  option dhcp-server-identifier 168.63.129.16;
  option domain-name-servers 10.11.0.250,10.11.0.251;
  option domain-search "azure-prod.";
  option dhcp-renewal-time 4294967295;
  option rfc3442-classless-static-routes 0,10,10,0,1,32,168,63,129,16,10,10,0,1;
  option unknown-245 a8:3f:81:10;
  option dhcp-rebinding-time 4294967295;
  option domain-name "azure-prod";
  renew 0 2152/07/09 23:41:47;
  rebind 0 2152/07/09 23:41:47;
  expire 0 2152/07/09 23:41:47;
}

这就是我的 /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf 的样子：

option rfc3442-classless-static-routes code 121 = array of unsigned integer 8;

send host-name = gethostname();
request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
    domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
    dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search, dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers,
    netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
    rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers;


timeout 300;

supersede domain-name "azure-prod";
supersede domain-search "azure-prod";

为什么 dhclient 不设置我的默认路由？

将我的 puppet-master 从 2.7 更新到 3.6.2 后，在节点上运行 puppet 代理时收到以下消息：

err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass on node fqdn

不幸的是，我无法提供更多信息。我 puppet-master 调试日志显示了这一点：

Jul 11 17:53:40 handsoff puppet-master[6197]: Caching node for fqdn
Jul 11 17:53:40 handsoff puppet-master[6197]: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass on node fqdn
Jul 11 17:53:40 handsoff puppet-master[6197]: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass on node fqdn
Jul 11 17:53:40 handsoff puppet-master[6197]: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass on node fqdn

我在这些版本中与工头一起运行 Puppet：

# dpkg -l | grep foreman
ii  foreman                            1.5.1-1                       amd64        Systems management web interface
ii  foreman-installer                  1.5.1-1                       all          Automated puppet-based installer for The Foreman
ii  foreman-postgresql                 1.5.1-1                       all          metapackage providing PostgreSQL dependencies for Foreman
ii  foreman-proxy                      1.5.1-1                       all          RESTful proxies for DNS, DHCP, TFTP, and Puppet
ii  ruby-foreman-api                   0.1.11-1                      all          Ruby bindings for Forman's rest API
ii  ruby-foreman-bootdisk              2.0.8                         all          Foreman Bootdisk Plugin
ii  ruby-foreman-setup                 2.0.4                         all          Foreman

# dpkg -l | grep puppet
ii  facter                             2.1.0-1puppetlabs1            amd64        Ruby module for collecting simple facts about a host operating system
ii  foreman-installer                  1.5.1-1                       all          Automated puppet-based installer for The Foreman
ii  hiera                              1.3.4-1puppetlabs1            all          A simple pluggable Hierarchical Database.
ii  puppet                             3.6.2-1puppetlabs1            all          Centralized configuration management - agent startup and compatibility scripts
ii  puppet-common                      3.6.2-1puppetlabs1            all          Centralized configuration management
ii  puppetdb                           2.1.0-1puppetlabs1            all          PuppetDB Centralized Storage.
ii  puppetdb-terminus                  2.1.0-1puppetlabs1            all          Connect Puppet to PuppetDB by setting up a terminus for PuppetDB.
ii  puppetlabs-release                 1.0-7                         all          "Package to install Puppet Labs gpg key and apt repo"
ii  puppetmaster                       3.6.2-1puppetlabs1            all          Centralized configuration management - master startup and compatibility scripts
ii  puppetmaster-common                3.6.2-1puppetlabs1            all          Puppet master common scripts
ii  ruby-kafo                          0.5.3-1                       all          If you write puppet modules for installing your software, you can use kafo to create powerful installer
ii  ruby-rgen                          0.6.5-1puppetlabs1            all          A framework supporting Model Driven Software Development (MDSD)

任何帮助是极大的赞赏。我在这里完全没有想法。

我对木偶很陌生，所以这可能只是我没有看到明显的东西。

我想使用 puppetlabs-firewall 模块并自己编写了一个小模块。init.pp 看起来像这样：

class cmmfirewall {
  resources { 'firewall':
    purge => true,
  }
  Firewall {
    before  => Class['cmmfirewall::postv4', 'cmmfirewall::postv6'],
    require => Class['cmmfirewall::prev4', 'cmmfirewall::prev6'],
  }
  class { ['cmmfirewall::prev4', 'cmmfirewall::postv4']: }
  class { ['cmmfirewall::prev6', 'cmmfirewall::postv6']: }
}

当我将此类应用于节点时，我收到以下消息：

err: Failed to apply catalog: Parameter name failed on Resources[firewall]: Could not find resource type 'firewall' at /etc/puppet/environments/testing/modules/cmmfirewall/manifests/init.pp:42

我在代理上的 puppet.conf 如下所示：

# File managed by Puppet

[main]
    vardir = /var/lib/puppet
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
    modulepath = /etc/puppet/modules:/opt/puppet/share/puppet/modules
    user  = puppet
    group = puppet
    archive_files = true
    archive_file_server = handsoff.dc0.mynetwork.de

[agent]
    certname = test3.dc0.mynetwork.de
    server = handsoff.dc0.mynetwork.de
    report = true
    classfile = $vardir/classes.txt
    localconfig = $vardir/localconfig
    graph = true
    pluginsync = true
    runinterval = 300

如您所见，pluginsync 应该被激活，但是模块路径中的两个文件夹/etc/puppet/modules:/opt/puppet/share/puppet/modules都是空的。所以我的猜测是问题出在某个地方，并且 pluginsync 没有像我预期的那样工作。

有人可以指出我在哪里寻找错误的正确方向吗？

我正在尝试在 Debian Wheezy 机器上安装工头。当我按照 theforeman.org 上的指南进行操作时，安装程​​序出现以下错误：

root@server:/tmp# foreman-installer 
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': iconv will be deprecated in the future, use String#encode instead.
 Removing mount files: /etc/puppet/files does not exist or is not a directory
 /Stage[main]/Foreman::Plugin::Setup/Foreman::Plugin[setup]/Package[ruby-foreman-setup]/ensure: change from absent to present failed: Execution of '/usr/bin/apt-get -q -y -o DPkg::Options::=--force-confold install ruby-foreman-setup' returned 100: Reading package lists...
Installing             Done                                               [100%] [....................................................]
  Something went wrong! Check the log for ERROR-level output
  The full log is at /var/log/foreman-installer/foreman-installer.log

/var/log/foreman-installer/foreman-installer.log 文件没有显示任何更有用的内容：

# grep ERROR /var/log/foreman-installer/foreman-installer.log
[ERROR 2014-05-27 11:35:11 main]  Removing mount files: /etc/puppet/files does not exist or is not a directory
[ERROR 2014-05-27 11:35:33 main]  /Stage[main]/Foreman::Plugin::Setup/Foreman::Plugin[setup]/Package[ruby-foreman-setup]/ensure: change from absent to present failed: Execution of '/usr/bin/apt-get -q -y -o DPkg::Options::=--force-confold install ruby-foreman-setup' returned 100: Reading package lists...

当我运行带有调试功能的 apt-get 命令时，我得到了这个：

# DEBUG=1 /usr/bin/apt-get -q -y -o DPkg::Options::=--force-confold install ruby-foreman-setup
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
ruby-foreman-setup is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up ruby-foreman-setup (2.0.4) ...
+ . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
+ [ !  ]
+ PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1
+ export PERL_DL_NONLAZY
+ [  ]
+ exec /usr/share/debconf/frontend /var/lib/dpkg/info/ruby-foreman-setup.postinst configure 
+ . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
+ [ ! 1 ]
+ [ -z  ]
+ exec
+ [  ]
+ exec
+ DEBCONF_REDIR=1
+ export DEBCONF_REDIR
+ LOGFILE=/var/log/foreman-install.log
+ PLUGIN=foreman_bootdisk
+ trap db_stop EXIT
+ cd /usr/share/foreman
+ [ ! -z 1 ]
+ bundle show foreman_bootdisk
+ bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Query List: ["rails", "json", "rest-client", "audited-activerecord", "will_paginate", "ancestry", "scoped_search", "net-ldap", "uuidtools", "apipie-rails", "rabl", "oauth", "deep_cloneable", "foreigner", "safemode", "ruby_parser", "fog", "fog-core", "unf", "foreman_bootdisk", "pg", "rbvmomi", "fast_gettext", "gettext_i18n_rails", "gettext_i18n_rails_js", "i18n_data", "foreman_setup"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: rails json rest-client audited-activerecord will_paginate ancestry scoped_search net-ldap uuidtools apipie-rails rabl oauth deep_cloneable foreigner safemode ruby_parser fog fog-core unf foreman_bootdisk pg rbvmomi fast_gettext gettext_i18n_rails gettext_i18n_rails_js i18n_data foreman_setup
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies?gems=rails,json,rest-client,audited-activerecord,will_paginate,ancestry,scoped_search,net-ldap,uuidtools,apipie-rails,rabl,oauth,deep_cloneable,foreigner,safemode,ruby_parser,fog,fog-core,unf,foreman_bootdisk,pg,rbvmomi,fast_gettext,gettext_i18n_rails,gettext_i18n_rails_js,i18n_data,foreman_setup
HTTP Success
Query List: ["activerecord", "audited", "jeweler", "appraisal", "sqlite3", "fog-brightbox", "nokogiri", "fog-json", "net-ssh", "net-scp", "mime-types", "multi_json", "formatador", "excon", "builder", "ruby-hmac", "unicode", "named-parameters", "google-api-client", "deface", "gettext", "po_to_json", "activesupport", "hoe", "newgem", "actionpack", "rack", "rake-compiler", "bundler", "railties", "actionmailer", "activeresource", "sprockets-rails", "activemodel", "actionview", "rake", "actionwebservice", "trollop", "cdb-full", "tokyocabinet", "ffi", "netrc", "rdoc", "sexp_processor", "ParseTree", "ruby2ruby", "unf_ext", "rspec", "launchy"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: activerecord audited jeweler appraisal sqlite3 fog-brightbox nokogiri fog-json net-ssh net-scp mime-types multi_json formatador excon builder ruby-hmac unicode named-parameters google-api-client deface gettext po_to_json activesupport hoe newgem actionpack rack rake-compiler bundler railties actionmailer activeresource sprockets-rails activemodel actionview rake actionwebservice trollop cdb-full tokyocabinet ffi netrc rdoc sexp_processor ParseTree ruby2ruby unf_ext rspec launchy
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies?gems=activerecord,audited,jeweler,appraisal,sqlite3,fog-brightbox,nokogiri,fog-json,net-ssh,net-scp,mime-types,multi_json,formatador,excon,builder,ruby-hmac,unicode,named-parameters,google-api-client,deface,gettext,po_to_json,activesupport,hoe,newgem,actionpack,rack,rake-compiler,bundler,railties,actionmailer,activeresource,sprockets-rails,activemodel,actionview,rake,actionwebservice,trollop,cdb-full,tokyocabinet,ffi,netrc,rdoc,sexp_processor,ParseTree,ruby2ruby,unf_ext,rspec,launchy
HTTP Success
Query List: ["RubyInline", "SexpProcessor", "erubis", "archive-tar-minitar", "rcov", "sprockets", "thor", "aruba", "RedCloth", "syntax", "rubigen", "cucumber", "retriable", "jwt", "extlib", "faraday", "autoparse", "addressable", "signet", "httpadapter", "sinatra", "liquid", "colorize", "spoon", "configuration", "rspec-mocks", "rspec-expectations", "rspec-core", "diff-lcs", "spicycode-rcov", "test-spec", "camping", "fcgi", "memcache-client", "mongrel", "ruby-openid", "thin", "text", "locale", "levenshtein", "minitest", "rubyforge", "gemcutter", "mini_portile", "racc", "tenderlove-frex", "rexical", "weakling", "highline", "github_api", "git", "thoughtbot-shoulda", "mhennemeyer-output_catcher", "rr", "mocha", "redgreen", "peterwald-git", "schacon-git", "bones", "needle", "jruby-pageant", "echoe", "rails-observers", "mail", "text-format", "i18n", "bcrypt-ruby", "tzinfo", "arel", "activerecord-deprecated_finders", "journey", "rack-test", "rack-cache", "rack-mount", "rack-ssl", "thread_safe"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: RubyInline SexpProcessor erubis archive-tar-minitar rcov sprockets thor aruba RedCloth syntax rubigen cucumber retriable jwt extlib faraday autoparse addressable signet httpadapter sinatra liquid colorize spoon configuration rspec-mocks rspec-expectations rspec-core diff-lcs spicycode-rcov test-spec camping fcgi memcache-client mongrel ruby-openid thin text locale levenshtein minitest rubyforge gemcutter mini_portile racc tenderlove-frex rexical weakling highline github_api git thoughtbot-shoulda mhennemeyer-output_catcher rr mocha redgreen peterwald-git schacon-git bones needle jruby-pageant echoe rails-observers mail text-format i18n bcrypt-ruby tzinfo arel activerecord-deprecated_finders journey rack-test rack-cache rack-mount rack-ssl thread_safe
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies?gems=RubyInline,SexpProcessor,erubis,archive-tar-minitar,rcov,sprockets,thor,aruba,RedCloth,syntax,rubigen,cucumber,retriable,jwt,extlib,faraday,autoparse,addressable,signet,httpadapter,sinatra,liquid,colorize,spoon,configuration,rspec-mocks,rspec-expectations,rspec-core,diff-lcs,spicycode-rcov,test-spec,camping,fcgi,memcache-client,mongrel,ruby-openid,thin,text,locale,levenshtein,minitest,rubyforge,gemcutter,mini_portile,racc,tenderlove-frex,rexical,weakling,highline,github_api,git,thoughtbot-shoulda,mhennemeyer-output_catcher,rr,mocha,redgreen,peterwald-git,schacon-git,bones,needle,jruby-pageant,echoe,rails-observers,mail,text-format,i18n,bcrypt-ruby,tzinfo,arel,activerecord-deprecated_finders,journey,rack-test,rack-cache,rack-mount,rack-ssl,thread_safe
HTTP Success
Query List: ["text-hyphen", "ZenTest", "termios", "metaclass", "english", "rspec-support", "multipart-post", "tlsmail", "treetop", "daemons", "fastthread", "gem_plugin", "cgi_multipart_eof_fix", "rack-protection", "tilt", "shotgun", "backports", "multimap", "multi_test", "gherkin", "term-ansicolor", "polyglot", "json_pure", "hike", "bcrypt", "ruby-yadis", "childprocess", "background_process", "bcat", "rdiscount", "flexmock", "allison", "abstract", "markaby", "metaid", "mab", "descendants_tracker", "oauth2", "hashie", "eventmachine", "eventmachine-le", "http_parser.rb", "preforker", "loquacious", "little-plugger", "bones-git", "bones-extras", "atomic"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: text-hyphen ZenTest termios metaclass english rspec-support multipart-post tlsmail treetop daemons fastthread gem_plugin cgi_multipart_eof_fix rack-protection tilt shotgun backports multimap multi_test gherkin term-ansicolor polyglot json_pure hike bcrypt ruby-yadis childprocess background_process bcat rdiscount flexmock allison abstract markaby metaid mab descendants_tracker oauth2 hashie eventmachine eventmachine-le http_parser.rb preforker loquacious little-plugger bones-git bones-extras atomic
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies?gems=text-hyphen,ZenTest,termios,metaclass,english,rspec-support,multipart-post,tlsmail,treetop,daemons,fastthread,gem_plugin,cgi_multipart_eof_fix,rack-protection,tilt,shotgun,backports,multimap,multi_test,gherkin,term-ansicolor,polyglot,json_pure,hike,bcrypt,ruby-yadis,childprocess,background_process,bcat,rdiscount,flexmock,allison,abstract,markaby,metaid,mab,descendants_tracker,oauth2,hashie,eventmachine,eventmachine-le,http_parser.rb,preforker,loquacious,little-plugger,bones-git,bones-extras,atomic
HTTP Success
Query List: ["tins", "spruz", "facets", "language", "escape_utils", "bones-rcov", "bones-rubyforge", "bones-rspec", "bones-zentest", "multi_xml", "httpauth", "faraday-middleware"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: tins spruz facets language escape_utils bones-rcov bones-rubyforge bones-rspec bones-zentest multi_xml httpauth faraday-middleware
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies?gems=tins,spruz,facets,language,escape_utils,bones-rcov,bones-rubyforge,bones-rspec,bones-zentest,multi_xml,httpauth,faraday-middleware
HTTP Success
Query List: []
Unmet Dependencies: ["faraday-middleware", "spicycode-rcov", "tenderlove-frex", "mhennemeyer-output_catcher", "peterwald-git", "schacon-git"]
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Query List: ["faraday-middleware", "spicycode-rcov", "tenderlove-frex", "mhennemeyer-output_catcher", "peterwald-git", "schacon-git"]
Query Gemcutter Dependency Endpoint API: faraday-middleware spicycode-rcov tenderlove-frex mhennemeyer-output_catcher peterwald-git schacon-git
Fetching from: https://rubygems.org/api/v1/dependencies?gems=faraday-middleware,spicycode-rcov,tenderlove-frex,mhennemeyer-output_catcher,peterwald-git,schacon-git
HTTP Success
Query List: []
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "nokogiri":
  In Gemfile:
    foreman_setup (= 2.0.4) ruby depends on
      nokogiri (~> 1.4.3) ruby

    rbvmomi (~> 1.6.0) ruby depends on
      nokogiri (1.6.1)


/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/resolver.rb:129:in `block in resolve'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/resolver.rb:127:in `catch'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/resolver.rb:127:in `resolve'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/definition.rb:192:in `resolve'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/definition.rb:127:in `specs'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/definition.rb:122:in `resolve_remotely!'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/installer.rb:48:in `run'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/installer.rb:12:in `install'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/cli.rb:220:in `install'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/vendor/thor/task.rb:22:in `run'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/vendor/thor/invocation.rb:118:in `invoke_task'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/vendor/thor.rb:263:in `dispatch'
/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/vendor/thor/base.rb:386:in `start'
/usr/bin/bundle:13:in `<main>'
+ [ -f /usr/share/foreman/config/database.yml ]
+ [ ! -z 1 ]
+ /usr/sbin/foreman-rake db:migrate
Could not find gem 'foreman_setup (= 2.0.4) ruby' in the gems available on this machine.
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.
+ true
+ chown -Rf foreman:foreman /usr/share/foreman
+ exit 0
+ db_stop
+ echo STOP

我对红宝石不是很熟悉。知道如何解决这个问题，以便安装程序可以完成工头安装吗？