像我之前的其他人一样，我的 xfs 驱动器上的 superblock 已损坏。我试过 xfs_repair 和 xfs_repair -L 来恢复驱动器，但都报告了相同的结果：
Phase 1 - find and verify superblock...
superblock read failed, offset 0, size 524288, ag 0, rval -1
fatal error -- Input/output error
{mkfs.xfs -Nf /dev/sdb1} 报告以下内容：
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=244188544 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=976754176, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=476930, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
在关注了关于这个主题的各种帖子后，这些帖子都与我上面尝试过的内容相似，我有一种下沉的感觉，驱动器内容丢失了（感谢 EDF Energy）。有没有人有任何进一步的恢复建议？
编辑：SMART扫描结果...
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD40EFRX-68N32N0 1
Serial Number: PBGJYR4S
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 23dc7b57b
Firmware Version: MJAOA5F0
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Jun 11 19:11:40 2021 BST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 248) Self-test routine in progress...
80% of test remaining.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 24) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 136 136 054 Pre-fail Offline - 80
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 176 176 024 Pre-fail Always - 411 (Average 468)
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 14
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 121 121 020 Pre-fail Offline - 34
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6222
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 14
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 273
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 273
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 142 142 000 Old_age Always - 42 (Min/Max 20/42)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 174 174 000 Old_age Always - 1272
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 1272 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 1272 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6220 hours (259 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 21 5f b7 c0 01 Error: ICRC, ABRT 33 sectors at LBA = 0x01c0b75f = 29407071
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 80 00 b7 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.303 READ DMA EXT
25 00 f8 00 b6 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.303 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 f8 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.302 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 f0 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.302 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 e8 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.302 READ DMA EXT
Error 1271 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6220 hours (259 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 01 97 b5 c0 01 Error: ICRC, ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x01c0b597 = 29406615
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 90 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.096 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 88 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.095 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 80 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.095 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 78 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.095 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 70 b5 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:04.095 READ DMA EXT
Error 1270 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6220 hours (259 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 81 7f b5 c0 01 Error: ICRC, ABRT 129 sectors at LBA = 0x01c0b57f = 29406591
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 00 00 b4 c0 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.858 READ DMA EXT
25 00 f8 08 0a 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.856 READ DMA EXT
c8 00 08 f8 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.856 READ DMA
c8 00 08 f0 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.856 READ DMA
c8 00 08 e8 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.855 READ DMA
Error 1269 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6220 hours (259 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 01 c7 08 00 00 Error: ICRC, ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x000008c7 = 2247
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 c0 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.648 READ DMA
c8 00 08 b8 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.641 READ DMA
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.640 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 1d+02:04:03.638 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 42 00 00 00 a0 08 1d+02:04:03.636 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 1268 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6220 hours (259 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 01 bf 08 00 00 Error: ICRC, ABRT 1 sectors at LBA = 0x000008bf = 2239
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 b8 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.440 READ DMA
c8 00 08 b0 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.440 READ DMA
c8 00 08 a8 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.440 READ DMA
c8 00 08 a0 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.440 READ DMA
c8 00 08 98 08 00 e0 08 1d+02:04:03.440 READ DMA
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Vendor (0xb0) Completed without error 00% 36443 -
# 2 Vendor (0x71) Completed without error 00% 36443 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
该警告
Input/output error意味着您的驱动器出现故障，而不是您的文件系统 -无法xfs_repair从磁盘读取受影响的扇区。您的 SMART 输出证实了上述情况：它在 6220 小时显示多次读取中止，这正是您的硬盘开机时间（即：错误发生在刚刚，而不是在很久以前）。
XFS 维护一些备份超级块（每个 AG 中一个），但是您的磁盘似乎会为许多不同的扇区提供错误，相距甚远，因此我不建议尝试将受影响的扇区归零。相反，我会使用
ddrescue将您的磁盘克隆到不同的设备上，并将任何还原尝试集中在克隆的映像上。显然，如果您有工作和当前的备份，您可以简单地删除磁盘并将数据恢复到新的磁盘上。
我不得不说这看起来像是一个坏磁盘或一个非常接近完全灾难性故障的磁盘。我希望你有备份！？！
如果您没有备份，您应该真正关闭该系统，引导到备用媒体或将故障磁盘带到另一个系统并开始尝试将数据复制到新磁盘。如果您无法访问独立的磁盘修复工作站（仍然是我购买过的最好的小工具！），这可以通过块级别的 dd（或 ddrescue）多次重试来完成。ddrescue 有一个 max-retries 选项，有时通过多次重试，您可以成功读取坏磁盘上的数据。有时... Trinity Rescue Kit LiveCD 提供了这个 GNU 工具。我不确定是否所有 liveCD 发行版都有它。值得得到它并保持它方便！这是另一篇文章中的一个示例，讨论了这样做以供参考： https://superuser.com/questions/905811/faster-recovery-from-a-disk-with-bad-sectors
对于其他人来说，只是一点智慧，我不得不在我的职业生涯中艰难地学习几次。拥有备份但永远不需要它们，总比需要备份却一无所有要好！配置备份！这应该是您安装操作系统后要做的第一件事！！！养成习惯和/或现在，如果没有备份，您将永远不会被抓住！