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Pavel_K's questions

Martin Hope
Pavel_K
Asked: 2023-11-12 23:37:44 +0800 CST
  • 7

我已经安装了 nvidea 驱动程序：

sudo ubuntu-drivers install

之后我丢失了网络适配器和声音驱动程序。我已经解决了网络驱动程序的问题，但我找不到任何如何处理声音驱动程序的信息。我试过：

sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base
sudo apt-get remove --purge pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install alsa-base
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio
sudo alsa force-reload

但这没有帮助。我现在拥有的：

pavel@home:~$ lshw -C multimedia
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
  *-multimedia UNCLAIMED    
       description: Audio device
       product: GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 0.1
       bus info: pci@0000:1f:00.1
       version: a1
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: bus_master cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f7080000-f7083fff
  *-multimedia UNCLAIMED
       description: Audio device
       product: Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) HD Audio Controller
       vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
       physical id: 0.3
       bus info: pci@0000:21:00.3
       version: 00
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f7700000-f7707fff
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.

pavel@home:~$ inxi -Ax
Audio:     Device-1: NVIDIA GK208 HDMI/DP Audio vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: N/A bus ID: 1f:00.1 
           Device-2: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Family 17h HD Audio vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: N/A bus ID: 21:00.3 

 pavel@home:~$ sudo alsamixer
 cannot open mixer: No such file or directory

谁能告诉我如何安装声音驱动程序？

更新1。

pavel@home:~$ lspci -k
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Root Complex
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Root Complex
00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) I/O Memory Management Unit
    Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) I/O Memory Management Unit
00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:01.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) PCIe GPP Bridge
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:03.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) PCIe GPP Bridge
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:04.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:07.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:07.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Internal PCIe GPP Bridge 0 to Bus B
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:08.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-1fh) PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:08.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Internal PCIe GPP Bridge 0 to Bus B
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 59)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] FCH SMBus Controller
00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 51)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] FCH LPC Bridge
00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 0
00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 1
00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 2
00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 3
00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 4
00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 5
00:18.6 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 6
00:18.7 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Data Fabric: Device 18h; Function 7
03:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43bc (rev 02)
    Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1142
    Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
    Kernel modules: xhci_pci
03:00.1 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43b8 (rev 02)
    Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1062
    Kernel driver in use: ahci
    Kernel modules: ahci
03:00.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43b3 (rev 02)
    DeviceName: Broadcom 5762
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
16:04.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 300 Series Chipset PCIe Port (rev 02)
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
16:05.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 300 Series Chipset PCIe Port (rev 02)
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
16:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 300 Series Chipset PCIe Port (rev 02)
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
16:07.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 300 Series Chipset PCIe Port (rev 02)
    Kernel driver in use: pcieport
1b:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
    Kernel driver in use: r8168
    Kernel modules: r8168
1f:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK208B [GeForce GT 710] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GK208B [GeForce GT 710]
    Kernel driver in use: nvidia
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nvidia_drm, nvidia
1f:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller
20:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Zeppelin/Raven/Raven2 PCIe Dummy Function
    Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Zeppelin/Raven/Raven2 PCIe Dummy Function
20:00.2 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Platform Security Processor
    Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) Platform Security Processor
    Kernel driver in use: ccp
    Kernel modules: ccp
20:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) USB 3.0 Host Controller
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) USB 3.0 Host Controller
    Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
    Kernel modules: xhci_pci
21:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Zeppelin/Renoir PCIe Dummy Function
    Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Zeppelin/Renoir PCIe Dummy Function
21:00.2 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 51)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
    Kernel driver in use: ahci
    Kernel modules: ahci
21:00.3 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) HD Audio Controller
    DeviceName: Realtek ALC898
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) HD Audio Controller

模组探针

pavel@home:~$ sudo modprobe snd-hda-intel
modprobe: FATAL: Module snd-hda-intel not found in directory /lib/modules/5.15.0-88-generic

更新2。

pavel@home:/lib/modules$ ls
5.11.0-27-generic  5.11.0-36-generic  5.11.0-38-generic  5.15.0-88-generic

pavel@home:/boot$ ls
config-5.11.0-36-generic  grub                          initrd.img-5.11.0-38-generic.old-dkms  memtest86+.bin                System.map-5.11.0-38-generic  vmlinuz-5.11.0-38-generic
config-5.11.0-38-generic  initrd.img                    initrd.img-5.15.0-88-generic           memtest86+.elf                System.map-5.15.0-88-generic  vmlinuz-5.15.0-88-generic
config-5.15.0-88-generic  initrd.img-5.11.0-36-generic  initrd.img-5.15.0-88-generic.old-dkms  memtest86+_multiboot.bin      vmlinuz                       vmlinuz.old
efi                       initrd.img-5.11.0-38-generic  initrd.img.old                         System.map-5.11.0-36-generic  vmlinuz-5.11.0-36-generic
linux
Martin Hope
Pavel_K
Asked: 2020-06-09 13:35:23 +0800 CST
  • 6

这里https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList sources.list 格式说明：

此文件中的条目通常遵循以下格式：

deb http://site.example.com/debian分发组件1 组件2 组件
3 deb-src http://site.example.com/debian分发组件1 组件2 组件3

...

分配

“发行版”可以分别是发布代码名称/别名（jessie、stretch、buster、sid）或发布类别（oldstable、stable、testing、unstable）。如果您要跟踪发布类，请使用类名，如果您要跟踪 Debian 点发布，请使用代号。避免在您的 sources.list 中使用 stable ，因为这会在下一个版本发布时导致令人讨厌的意外和损坏的系统；升级到新版本应该是一个深思熟虑、谨慎的行动，每两年编辑一次文件不是负担。

我是一名开发人员，我无法理解他们的意思the release class？怎么解释？例如，当我们开发一个项目时，我们有版本 1、2、3。我们可以给任何版本自己命名——这很酷，不是吗。但是什么是发布类？

linux debian
Martin Hope
Pavel_K
Asked: 2020-02-07 10:52:12 +0800 CST
  • 6

我有一个带有两个接口 wan 和 lan(192.168.0.1) 的 debian 盒子。在 lan:80 我有一个必须从本地网络访问的站点。我还需要从 wan:777 访问这个站点。这是我的 iptables 规则：

iptables -A INPUT -i $LAN -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i $WAN --dport 777 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.1:80
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d 192.168.0.1 --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

但是，它不起作用。仅当我从-i $LANINPUT 中删除时它才有效。我的意思是这样：

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i $WAN --dport 777 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.1:80
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d 192.168.0.1 --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

但是，这是一个不好的方法，因为站点现在也在 wan:80 上，这不是我想要的。我的错误是什么？

linux networking
Martin Hope
Pavel_K
Asked: 2019-06-19 00:18:52 +0800 CST
  • 5

我使用 Thunderbird 60.7.1 (debian 9) 和附加的 MinimizeToTray-reanimated。问题是每次启动 Thunderbird 时都会出现以下消息。我标记allow this installation 之后我必须重新启动 Thunderbird。重新启动后一切正常，MinimizeToTray 正在工作。但是，当我下次启动 Thunderbird 时，我再次看到该消息。如何解决？ 在此处输入图像描述

linux email
Martin Hope
Pavel_K
Asked: 2019-06-12 00:51:20 +0800 CST
  • 45

有这样的配置：MSI A320M PRO-M2 V2 + AMD Ryzen 5 1400 BOX 并且没有单独的显卡。当 PC 打开时，显示器不显示任何内容。MSI 技术支持说：

Ryzen 5 1400 CPU中没有GPU，板载VGA接口无法与该CPU配合使用。需要安装 PCIe 显卡。

并补充说

不管是Intel主板还是AMD主板，板载集成GPU是在CPU里面，而不是在主板里面。主板只提供显示接口。Ryzen Summit Ridge CPU 中没有 GPU；只有 Raven Ridge 和 Bristol Ridge CPU 支持 GPU。

我不明白的是我有另一种配置，华擎 960GC-GS FX + AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 810。同样没有单独的显卡。我发现，AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 810 没有任何 GPU。但是视频有效，我使用此配置发布了这个问题。这怎么解释呢？

cpu graphics-card