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JH Park's questions

Martin Hope
JH Park
Asked: 2025-04-08 05:38:53 +0800 CST
  • 8

我想询问如何使用 sed 和正则表达式从文件中提取特定字符串。

以下是输入文本文件（testfile.txt）的示例：

# This file contains a short description of the columns in the
# meta-analysis summary file, named '/some/output/directory/result.txt'

# (Skipping some comment lines...)

# Input for this meta-analysis was stored in the files:
# --> Input File 1 : /some/input/directory/cohort1/dataset1_chrAll.regenie.txt
# --> Input File 2 : /some/input/directory/cohort2/subdir1/chrAll-out.txt
# --> Input File 3 : /some/input/directory/cohort2/subdir2/chrAll-out_ver2.txt
# --> Input File 4 : /some/input/directory/cohort3/resfile.txt
# --> Input File 5 : /some/input/directory/cohort4/regenie_res_chrAll.txt

从这个文件，我想提取输入文件名的列表，因此结果应该是这样的：

/some/input/directory/cohort1/dataset1_chrAll.regenie.txt
/some/input/directory/cohort2/subdir1/chrAll-out.txt
/some/input/directory/cohort2/subdir2/chrAll-out_ver2.txt
/some/input/directory/cohort3/resfile.txt
/some/input/directory/cohort4/regenie_res_chrAll.txt

以下是我尝试过的：

尝试 1

这是我使用的初始命令。

cat testfile.txt | sed -e 's/\/some\/input\/directory\/([A-z0-9\/\.\-]*)\.txt/$1/g'

结果：

sed: -e expression #1, char 55: Invalid range end

尝试 2

经过一番搜索后，我尝试使用反斜杠转义括号。

cat testfile.txt | sed -e 's/\/some\/input\/directory\/\([A-z0-9\/\.\-]*\).txt/$1/g'

结果：

sed: -e expression #1, char 56: Invalid range end

所以它并没有解决问题。

尝试 3

我也尝试过转义括号。

cat testfile.txt | sed -e 's/\/some\/input\/directory\/\(\[A-z0-9\/\.\-\]\*\)\.txt/$1/g'

结果：

# This file contains a short description of the columns in the
# meta-analysis summary file, named '/some/output/directory/result.txt'

# (Skipping some comment lines...)

# Input for this meta-analysis was stored in the files:
# --> Input File 1 : /some/input/directory/cohort1/dataset1_chrAll.regenie.txt
# --> Input File 2 : /some/input/directory/cohort2/subdir1/chrAll-out.txt
# --> Input File 3 : /some/input/directory/cohort2/subdir2/chrAll-out_ver2.txt
# --> Input File 4 : /some/input/directory/cohort3/resfile.txt
# --> Input File 5 : /some/input/directory/cohort4/regenie_res_chrAll.txt

这并没有引发错误，但这不是我想要的。

尝试 4

最后，我尝试添加 -r 选项，但不转义括号或方括号。

cat testfile.txt | sed -re 's/\/some\/input\/directory\/([A-z0-9\/\.\-]*)\.txt/$1/g'

结果：

sed: -e expression #1, char 55: Invalid range end

第一次尝试时显示相同的错误消息。

我想问我的命令行中存在什么问题以及是否有任何可能的解决方案。

谢谢。

regex