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RedGreenBlue123's questions

Martin Hope
RedGreenBlue123
Asked: 2025-04-05 01:31:02 +0800 CST
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背景：我一直在编写一个大量使用原子的多线程程序。我注意到这些原子非常慢，尤其是在 ARM 上，因为编译器插入了太多的栅栏，有时甚至在循环内。所以我想使用内存顺序消除不必要的栅栏。

我偶然遇到过这种情况，但我不确定使用放松负载是否安全。以这个简单的参数读取示例为例：

typedef struct {
    big_struct Data;
    _Atomic bool bDataReadDone;
} worker_thread_parameter;

static int WorkerThreadFunction(void* Parameter) {
    // Read Data
    worker_thread_parameter* pWorkerParameter = Parameter;
    big_struct Data = pWorkerParameter->Data;

    // Notify that reading Data is done
    // Use release store to ensure Data is read before this.
    atomic_store_explicit(&pWorkerParameter->bDataReadDone, true, memory_order_release);
        
    // Do something with Data
}

int main() {
    thrd_t aWorkerThread[8];
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
        worker_thread_parameter WorkerParameter = { /* Data = something */, false };
        thrd_create(&aWorkerThread[i], WorkerThreadFunction, &WorkerParameter);

        // Wait for Data to be read
        // Use relaxed load because this thread doesn't read Data anymore,
        // so we don't need to synchronize with the flag.
        while (!atomic_load_explicit(&WorkerParameter.bDataReadDone, memory_order_relaxed));
    }
}

或者这个例子：

// Initialized before the threads are started
_Atomic bool bUsingData = true;
big_struct* pData = malloc(sizeof(*pData));

static int WorkerThread() {
    Use(pData);

    // Notify the cleaner thread to free Data
    // Use release store to ensure Data is used before this.
    atomic_store_explicit(&bUsingData, false, memory_order_release);
}

static int CleanerThread() {
    // Use relaxed load because this thread doesn't read Data anymore,
    // so we don't need to synchronize with the flag.
    while (atomic_load_explicit(bUsingData, memory_order_relaxed));
    free(pData);
}

这个例子：

_Atomic int X = 0;
_Atomic int Y = 0;

// Thread 1

atomic_store_explicit(&X, 99, memory_order_relaxed);
atomic_store_explicit(&Y, 1, memory_order_release);

// Thread 2

if (atomic_load_explicit(&Y, memory_order_relaxed)) {
    atomic_store_explicit(&X, 100, memory_order_relaxed);
    printf("%i", atomic_load_explicit(&X, memory_order_relaxed));
}

// Does thread 2 always prints 100?
c