问题[odbc](ubuntu)

我正在尝试使用 pyodbc 连接到 python 中的 MSSQL 数据库。我已经按照此处的说明使用 19.04 版本安装了 MS 驱动程序。尝试通过 pip 安装 pyodbc 时，我得到sql.h: No such file or directory. 谷歌搜索告诉我我需要安装unixodbcand unixodbc-dev，但是当我尝试这样做时，我收到以下消息：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 unixodbc : Depends: odbcinst1debian2 (>= 2.3.7) but it is not going to be installed
            Depends: libodbc1 (>= 2.3.7) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

运行 apt autoclean、apt install -f 等没有做任何事情。

我目前正试图通过 ODBC 连接通过 ODBC 管理员 GUI 访问一些 MYSQL 和 PostgreSQL 数据库，就像在 Windows 上一样。搜索后，我只找到了在 Ubuntu 上安装和设置 ODBC 连接的零散和旧教程。

当我在一个微妙的生产环境中工作时，有人可以帮助我提供更新的说明，所以我最不需要搞砸的事情吗？预先感谢。

我刚刚在我的 Ubuntu 18.10 机器上安装了适用于 linux 的 MSSQL 2017 和适用于 linux 的 Visual Studio 代码。两个安装都成功了，但我无法从 Visual Studio 连接到数据库。

我有以下正在运行的驱动程序：

$ odbcinst -j

    unixODBC 2.3.7
    DRIVERS............: /etc/odbcinst.ini
    SYSTEM DATA SOURCES: /etc/odbc.ini
    FILE DATA SOURCES..: /etc/ODBCDataSources
    USER DATA SOURCES..: /home/neo4j/.odbc.ini
    SQLULEN Size.......: 8
    SQLLEN Size........: 8
    SQLSETPOSIROW Size.: 8

但是，当我尝试安装

$ sudo apt-get install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev

我收到以下错误：

Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 mssql-tools : Depends: msodbcsql17 (>= 17.3.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: msodbcsql17 (< 17.4.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
 unixodbc-dev : Depends: unixodbc (= 2.3.7)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

经过大量谷歌搜索，我发现了很多建议，但它们没有运行，比如尝试删除 msodbcsql 和 unixodbc

$ sudo apt-get remove msodbcsql

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package 'msodbcsql' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

在这一点上，我被锁定，无法继续。

有没有人正在运行的解决方案？

我无法运行sqlcmd命令
我的操作系统（18.04）是

$ uname -a Linux Linux 4.15.0-23-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 18:02:16 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P 'password'
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : Login timeout expired.
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : TCP Provider: Error code 0x2749.
Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : A network-related or instance-specific error has occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. Server is not found or not accessible. Check if instance name is correct and if SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. For more information see SQL Server Books Online..

我已pyodbc安装并尝试连接到服务器，但pyodbc找不到驱动程序。我做了以下事情：

1. 安装pyodbc使用pip：

   pip install pyodbc
   

2. 按照微软的指示。

3. 运行一个测试脚本：

   import pyodbc 
   
   print(pyodbc.drivers())
   

   它返回一个空数组。

我还需要做什么？我在 Anaconda Python 安装中的 Jupyter Notebook 中运行脚本。