问题[libraries](ubuntu)

我正在尝试安装 I/O API 以使用 CMAQ。我正在遵循这些说明。首先，我下载了 gzip 压缩文件 ioapi-3.2.tar.gz，并将其解压。但后来我陷入了第四步，上面写着：

4. 对于每个所需的配置，setenv BIN <machinetype>，其中<machinetype>匹配其中一个ioapi/Makeinclude.*. 然后执行顶级 make dirs 来构建对象目录。生成 BIN iS 的常用模式

   setenv BIN `uname -s``uname -r | cut -d. -fI`
   

   然后通过附加任何编译器详细信息（例如 F90 或调试编译配置）来修改结果。

   Linux 版本 2 和 3 是二进制兼容的，因此Linux2用于这两个版本（对于最新版本的 类似SunOS）。请注意，例如，对于GNU g77/gcc、 Intel if/icc、 Lahey-Fujitsu If95 /GNU gcc和 Portland Group pgf90 / pgccLinux2_×86*有不同（且不兼容）的变体；此外，后者与 Portland Group pf90/GNU cc 不兼容（当后者用于构建 libnetcdf.a 时，如 RedHat 上供应商提供的库一样）（这种不兼容性是近年来安装问题的最大单一生成器！）。

我对linux很陌生，对构建程序更陌生，并且不知道这条指令的含义。我猜我必须对文件夹中包含的我想要安装的每个 I/O API 版本使用“setenv BIN”。我不知道但是如果我应该先使用setenv BIN <machinetype>然后

setenv BIN `uname -s``uname -r | cut -d. -f1`

或者如果我只是应该使用两者之一。如果是这样，我不知道这两者中的哪一个。我真的不知道这些命令的用途，这并没有帮助。因为我在这里很迷失，任何澄清我的问题的任何部分的信息都会有帮助。如果相关的话，我将使用 GCC 来构建 CMAQ。谢谢！

我需要帮助，因为我的 arduino IDE 有问题。我想使用 RFID 模块，所以我安装了库，但是当我点击“验证”时，Arduino 的终端，我得到了：

Warning: platform.txt from the 'Arduino AVR Boards' core contains compiler.path={runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path}/bin/ exceeded, automatically converted to compiler.path=/usr/bin/. It is advisable to upgrade this heart.
/media/netherr591/elegoo/Français/code/Lesson 21 RC522 RFID Module/MF-RC522_RFID/MF-RC522_RFID.ino:29:17: fatal error: SPI. h: No file or folder of this type
compilation completed.
exit status 1
Build error for Arduino Mega or Mega 2560 board

我刚刚安装了 ubuntu 22.04。我可以安装 R sudo apt -y install r-base gdebi-core：

$ R

R version 4.1.2 (2021-11-01) -- "Bird Hippie"
Copyright (C) 2021 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)

但是当我尝试从下载的文件中安装 Rstudio 时，我得到：

$ sudo gdebi rstudio-2022.02.1-461-amd64.deb 
[sudo] password for gigiux: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Reading state information... Done
This package is uninstallable
Dependency is not satisfiable: libssl1.0.0|libssl1.0.2|libssl1.1

一个流行的 deb 文件缺少一个基本库是很奇怪的，另外：

$ sudo apt install libssl1.1
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libssl1.1
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'libssl1.1'

在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装 R 和 R studio 的正确程序是什么？

我全新安装了 22.04 并安装了 Stremio 4.4（最新版本）。当我尝试打开应用程序时，我收到此错误：“加载共享库时出错：libcrypto.so.1.1：无法打开共享对象文件：没有这样的文件或目录”。

我该如何解决？它在 20.04 上运行良好。

我是打包新手，我正在尝试打包我的一个程序使用的库。该库名为 Plytapus，由 PerfectTIN 程序使用。您可以在我的 GitHub 站点https://github.com/phma/和 PerfectTIN 站点http://bezitopo.org/perfecttin/download.html上找到它们的源代码。源包位于https://launchpad.net/~phma-a/+archive/ubuntu/testing。

在将 plytapus-dev 添加到构建要求后，我尝试构建 PerfectTIN 包（仅安装了 plytapus，它在没有 plytapus 的情况下构建）但失败了。原来 plytapus 包缺少 .so 文件。我编辑了 debian 目录中的文件并再次尝试。

变更日志

plytapus (0.6.0-3) focal; urgency=medium

  * Remove extra asterisk from plytapus1.install

 -- Pierre Abbat <[email protected]>  Sun, 20 Dec 2020 14:02:52 -0500

plytapus (0.6.0-2) focal; urgency=medium

  * Add cmake as dependency

 -- Pierre Abbat <[email protected]>  Mon, 23 Nov 2020 03:42:16 -0500

plytapus (0.6.0-1) focal; urgency=medium

  * Initial release

 -- Pierre Abbat <[email protected]>  Tue, 17 Nov 2020 02:18:06 -0500

plytapus1.install

usr/lib/lib*.so.*
usr/lib/lib*.a

控制

Source: plytapus
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Pierre Abbat <[email protected]>
Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 12), cmake (>= 3.4)
Standards-Version: 4.4.0
Section: libs
Homepage: https://github.com/phma/plytapus
#Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/plytapus
#Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/plytapus.git

Package: plytapus-dev
Section: libdevel
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: plytapus (= ${binary:Version}), ${misc:Depends}
Description: Library for reading and writing PLY files
 Plytapus is a C++ library for reading and writing PLY (Stanford polygon)
 files.
 .
 This package provides the header files.

Package: plytapus
Architecture: any
Multi-Arch: same
Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}
Description: Library for reading and writing PLY files
 Plytapus is a C++ library for reading and writing PLY (Stanford polygon)
 files.
 .
 This package provides the shared and static library.

这是构建日志的相关部分：

make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/obj-x86_64-linux-gnu'
Install the project...
/usr/bin/cmake -P cmake_install.cmake
-- Install configuration: "None"
-- Installing: /home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/debian/tmp/usr/lib/libplytapus.so.0.6.0
-- Installing: /home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/debian/tmp/usr/lib/libplytapus.so
-- Installing: /home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/debian/tmp/usr/lib/libplytapus.a
-- Installing: /home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/debian/tmp/usr/include/plytapus.h
-- Installing: /home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/debian/tmp/usr/include/plytapus/config.h
-- Installing: /home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/debian/tmp/usr/include/plytapus/textio.h
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/phma/package/plytapus-0.6.0/obj-x86_64-linux-gnu'
   dh_install
   dh_installdocs
   dh_installchangelogs
   dh_perl
   dh_link
   dh_strip_nondeterminism
   dh_compress
   dh_fixperms
   dh_missing
dh_missing: usr/lib/libplytapus.so.0.6.0 exists in debian/tmp but is not installed to anywhere
dh_missing: usr/lib/libplytapus.a exists in debian/tmp but is not installed to anywhere
    The following debhelper tools have reported what they installed (with files per package)
     * dh_install: plytapus (0), plytapus-dev (3)
     * dh_installdocs: plytapus (0), plytapus-dev (0)
    If the missing files are installed by another tool, please file a bug against it.
    When filing the report, if the tool is not part of debhelper itself, please reference the
    "Logging helpers and dh_missing" section from the "PROGRAMMING" guide for debhelper (10.6.3+).
      (in the debhelper package: /usr/share/doc/debhelper/PROGRAMMING.gz)
    Be sure to test with dpkg-buildpackage -A/-B as the results may vary when only a subset is built
    For a short-term work-around: Add the files to debian/not-installed
   dh_dwz
   dh_strip
   dh_makeshlibs
   dh_shlibdeps
   dh_installdeb
   dh_gencontrol
dpkg-gencontrol: warning: Depends field of package plytapus: substitution variable ${shlibs:Depends} used, but is not defined
   dh_md5sums
   dh_builddeb
dpkg-deb: building package 'plytapus-dev' in '../plytapus-dev_0.6.0-3_amd64.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'plytapus' in '../plytapus_0.6.0-3_amd64.deb'.

我该如何解决这个问题，以便 .so 和 .a 文件位于 plytapus 包中？

我正在尝试使用 编译一个项目，meson但出现错误

ERROR: Dependency "pygobject-3.0" not found

我应该安装哪个软件包？

该项目python-gobject列为依赖项，但似乎同名的包是针对python2的。

我试过python3-gi了，但没有用。

tracegraph202 是一个非常古老且过时的工具，并且与 Linux 不兼容，但我的大学仍然认为让学生安装它是个好主意。我尝试从这里安装它，这里和这里都没有在我的最终工作。请帮忙

我不像以前在 Ubuntu 论坛和 Launchpad 之类的地方那么活跃，所以我不确定引导功能请求的最佳位置在哪里。

目前 Ubuntu 20.10 附带了 freeglut 2.8，它可以追溯到 2013 年。当前版本是 3.2。奇怪的是，freeglut 2.8 在存储库中被列为 freeglut3，尽管它在技术上仍然是 freeglut2。

查询原因：当您尝试将 3D 图像编译为 PDF 时，Ubuntu 20.10（通过 TeXLive 2020）附带的 Asymptote (2.67) 版本会引发段错误。特别是：以任何加载three库并运行的 Asymptote 示例为例asy -f pdf -noprc example.asy。

你会得到输出，但你也会得到一个分段错误。（在与一位 Asymptote 开发人员进行大量通信后，我了解到它实际上是一个浮点异常，但无论如何......）如果您使用 Asymptote 网站上提供的说明从源代码安装最新的 freeglut3，一切正常.

我不太确定为什么 freeglut 一直保留到 7 年前的版本。

我知道我应该安装 librsvg2-bin

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install librsvg2-bin

但在那之后：

rsvg-view-3
rsvg-view-3: command not found

所以它不起作用。所以我寻找命令：

locate rsvg-view-3
/snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36/usr/bin/rsvg-view-3
/snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60/usr/bin/rsvg-view-3

find rsvg-view-3
find: ‘rsvg-view-3’: No such file or directory

使用 snap ：

snap list
Name                             Version                     Rev    Tracking         Publisher     Notes
acrordrdc                        2018.011.20063              8      latest/stable    mmtrt         -
canonical-livepatch              9.5.5                       95     latest/stable    canonical✓    -
chromium                         86.0.4240.183               1382   latest/stable    canonical✓    -
core                             16-2.47.1                   10185  latest/stable    canonical✓    core
core18                           20200929                    1932   latest/stable    canonical✓    base
emacs                            27.1                        857    latest/stable    alexmurray    classic
gimp                             2.10.20                     297    latest/stable    snapcrafters  -
gnome-3-28-1804                  3.28.0-19-g98f9e67.98f9e67  145    latest/stable    canonical✓    -
gnome-3-34-1804                  0+git.3556cb3               60     latest/stable/…  canonical✓    -
gtk-common-themes                0.1-36-gc75f853             1506   latest/stable/…  canonical✓    -
kde-frameworks-5-core18          5.61.0                      32     latest/stable    kde✓          -
kde-frameworks-5-qt-5-14-core18  5.68.0                      4      latest/stable    kde✓          -
krita                            4.4.1                       61     latest/stable    krita✓        -
okular                           20.04.0                     98     latest/stable    kde✓          -
snap-store                       3.36.0-82-g80486d0          481    latest/stable/…  canonical✓    -
snapd                            2.47.1                      9721   latest/stable    canonical✓    snapd
vlc                              3.0.11                      1700   latest/stable    videolan✓     -
wine-platform-3-stable           3.0.4                       6      latest/stable    mmtrt         -
wine-platform-runtime            v1.0                        183    latest/stable    mmtrt         -
wxmaxima                         17.07.0~git                 164    latest/edge      peterpall     -

我可以使用它：

/snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60/usr/bin/rsvg-view-3

这是怎么回事 ？

我刚刚安装了 Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS 并安装了 Steam 启动器。当我运行它时，它会弹出。

Steam needs to install these additional packages:
    libgl1-mesa-dri:i386, libgl1:i386, libc6:i386
[sudo] password for pukar: 
..........W: Failed to fetch http://np.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease  Could not connect to np.archive.ubuntu.com:80 (120.89.98.2), connection timed out
W: Failed to fetch http://np.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-updates/InRelease  Unable to connect to np.archive.ubuntu.com:http:
W: Failed to fetch http://np.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal-backports/InRelease  Unable to connect to np.archive.ubuntu.com:http:
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package libc6:i386 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  libcrypt1

Package libgl1:i386 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

Package libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'libgl1-mesa-dri:i386' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'libgl1:i386' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'libc6:i386' has no installation candidate
Press return to continue: 

我对 Linux 真的很陌生，只知道非常基础的知识。我发现安装这些库可以解决它，但我还没有找到任何方法。