在 24.10（Plasma 6 - 包括将服务菜单文件位置更改为~/.local/share/kio/servicemenus）之前，我已经能够添加自定义服务菜单，以便使用各种程序，如 Thunar 重命名器或 Catfish 搜索。
例如，.desktopThunar 批量重命名器的“定制服务”文件是：
[Desktop Entry]
Actions=BulkRename;
Icon=edit-rename
MimeType=all/all;
ServiceTypes=KonqPopupMenu/Plugin
Type=Service
X-KDE-Priority=TopLevel
X-KDE-StartupNotify=false
[Desktop Action BulkRename]
Exec=thunar -B %U
Icon=org.xfce.thunar
Name=Bulk Rename
但是现在这样的操作会出现这个错误：
我是 Linux 新手。几天前我刚从 Windows 转过来，所以我还在弄清楚一些事情。我使用的是 Kubuntu 24.04.1（最新 LTS 版本）。
我想在桌面上添加一个应用程序小部件，但这个小部件只包含我的游戏列表。不幸的是，我删除了除“游戏”子菜单之外的所有子菜单。我没有意识到 KDE 菜单编辑器不仅会影响这个单独的小部件，还会影响任务栏中的应用程序启动器小部件。请帮助我恢复其他子菜单并将应用程序启动器重置为正常！
我的应用程序启动器在我意外删除了它的所有子菜单后被毁了（现在唯一的子菜单是“游戏”：
我使用 KDE 菜单编辑器删除了除“游戏”之外的所有子菜单，因为我认为这只会影响桌面上的一个小部件：
我的妻子不久前买了这台笔记本电脑，但蓝牙从未在 Kubuntu 上工作过。蓝牙管理器似乎在工作，但从未检测到蓝牙设备。其他设备也无法检测到这台笔记本电脑。我已经执行了以下查找故障的步骤，但未能纠正故障：
lsmod | grep bluetooth
bluetooth 1028096 44 btrtl,btmtk,btintel,btbcm,bnep,btusb,rfcomm
ecdh_generic 16384 2 bluetooth
sudo systemctl status bluetooth
[sudo] password for ***:
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-01-25 10:12:41 AEDT; 17min ago
Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
Main PID: 1131 (bluetoothd)
Status: "Running"
Tasks: 1 (limit: 18643)
Memory: 3.2M (peak: 3.9M)
CPU: 95ms
CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
└─1131 /usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSin>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSin>
Jan 25 10:12:51 ***-laptop bluetoothd[1131]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.63 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSou
HCI 配置：
hciconfig
hci0: Type: Primary Bus: USB
BD Address: FC:B0:DE:10:24:60 ACL MTU: 1021:8 SCO MTU: 255:12
UP RUNNING PSCAN ISCAN
RX bytes:1857 acl:0 sco:0 events:162 errors:0
TX bytes:7871 acl:0 sco:0 commands:162 errors:0
在这里，我尝试连接多个设备，但均未检测到：
bluetoothctl
Waiting to connect to bluetoothd...[bluetooth]# Agent registered
[bluetooth]# power on
[bluetooth]# Changing power on succeeded
[bluetooth]# scan on
[bluetooth]# SetDiscoveryFilter success
[bluetooth]# Discovery started
[bluetooth]# [CHG] Controller FC:B0:DE:10:24:60 Discovering: yes
[bluetooth]#
我也按照此帖子中的故障查找方法进行了操作，但也没有修复故障： 蓝牙未找到任何设备（Ubuntu 18.04）
Blueman 的反应与默认蓝牙管理器类似，它显示正在发送和接收的数据，但列表中没有显示任何设备。
[lsusb; sudo dmesg |egrep -i 'blue|firm'] 命令的结果如下：
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 322e:233b BillionPixels USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:0a64 Logitech, Inc. Logi USB Headset
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0489:e112 Foxconn / Hon Hai Bluetooth Radio
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 046d:c534 Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
[sudo] password for ***:
[ 2.085384] usb 1-10: Product: Bluetooth Radio
[ 3.883063] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22
[ 3.918107] NET: Registered PF_BLUETOOTH protocol family
[ 3.918113] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 3.918121] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 3.918124] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 3.918130] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 4.543165] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] Finished loading DMC firmware i915/adlp_dmc.bin (v2.20)
[ 4.561797] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: GuC firmware i915/adlp_guc_70.bin version 70.20.0
[ 4.561804] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] GT0: HuC firmware i915/tgl_huc.bin version 7.9.3
[ 4.565390] rtw89_8851be 0000:02:00.0: loaded firmware rtw89/rtw8851b_fw.bin
[ 4.567233] rtw89_8851be 0000:02:00.0: Firmware version 0.29.41.3 (65cefb31), cmd version 0, type 5
[ 4.567237] rtw89_8851be 0000:02:00.0: Firmware version 0.29.41.3 (65cefb31), cmd version 0, type 3
[ 6.308872] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 6.308881] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 6.308888] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[ 6.316031] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.22
[ 8.688539] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[ 8.688549] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[ 8.688553] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[ 67.674108] audit: type=1107 audit(1737921654.609:213): pid=1201 uid=101 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_method_call" bus="system" path="/" interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" member="GetManagedObjects" mask="send" name="org.bluez" pid=3835 label="snap.opera.opera" peer_pid=1199 peer_label="unconfined"
[ 7257.641982] audit: type=1400 audit(1737928844.605:243): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" class="file" profile="snap.firmware-updater.firmware-notifier" name="/proc/sys/vm/max_map_count" pid=20976 comm="firmware-notifi" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
[14156.380869] audit: type=1107 audit(1737935743.272:265): pid=1201 uid=101 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_method_call" bus="system" path="/" interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager" member="GetManagedObjects" mask="send" name="org.bluez" pid=35462 label="snap.opera.opera" peer_pid=1199 peer_label="unconfined"
任何帮助都将不胜感激。
干杯。
在 Kubuntu 24.04 上，快捷键Ctrl+Space与更改键盘布局有关，但我需要在我使用的所有 IDE（Intellij、Visual Studio）中使用该快捷键。
我怎样才能让系统不再使用Ctrl+ Space？
自从升级到 24.10 以来，我的登录屏幕一直闪烁，但大多数时候都会长时间关闭，而当它打开时，持续时间几乎不会长达一秒钟。
有时我会在黑屏上收到一条消息，说out of range。
我仍然可以通过输入密码登录，幸运的是焦点默认为密码输入框，一旦我进入桌面，一切都很好。
有什么想法可以让我稳定我的登录管理器，或者这是否是目前已知的无法修复的错误？
我在 Kubuntu 24.04.1 上，并且我已成功通过添加它来挂载带有 cifs 的 smb 共享/etc/fstab，使用以下行：
//192.168.10.122/Test /mnt/Test cifs user,noauto,user=test,password=test 0 0
问题是密码是纯文本，不安全。因此，我遵循了新的指南，通过创建(读写)凭证文件 ( .smb_cred) ，并将此行改为：chmod 600
//192.168.10.122/Test /mnt/Test cifs uid=1000,credentials=/home/test/.smb_cred,iocharset=utf8 0 0
问题是它不起作用。我看到了已安装的文件，但它是空的。
我使用 NVIDIA GPU 的声音输出作为主声音接收器。不过，我时不时会插入 EPOS 耳机（一种与实际耳机进行无线通信的 USB 适配器）。
在 KUbuntu 22.04 下，pulseaudio 会自动切换到 EPOS 进行声音输入和输出。
自升级到 KUbuntu 24.04.1 以来，此功能一直无法正常工作，而且我无法调试它，因为我不熟悉 pipewire 也不熟悉 pipewire-pulse“桥”。
插入 EPOS 加密狗后，切换无法正常进行：在 pavucontrol 中，EPOS 显示为默认源和接收器，但没有实际声音。我可以通过使用 pavucontrol 选择 NVIDIA GPU 作为默认设置，然后再选择 EPOS，使其正常工作。
有一次（在网络会议期间），我突然没有声音了。我通过在 pavucontrol 中执行相同的操作恢复了声音。但当我关闭 pavucontrol 时，它又出错了。然而，这并不是系统性发生的，而是随机发生的。
我认为我的配置对于从 22.04 升级到 24.04 来说非常标准。我所做的唯一更改是在/bin/true下创建了一个符号链接$HOME/bin/pulseaudio：这使游戏 (Victoria 3) 能够正确检测 NVIDIA GPU 声音接收器（否则它将输出到计算机机箱的内置扬声器）。
仅供参考，网络会议是在 Firefox 下使用 Big Blue Button 进行的（直接从 Mozilla 获得，而不是 snap distrib）。
pactl list这是EPOS 加密狗工作时输出的开始部分（是否有 pipewire 的等效项？）：
Module #1
Nom : libpipewire-module-rt
Paramètre : {
nice.level = -11
rt.prio = 88
#rt.time.soft = -1
#rt.time.hard = -1
#uclamp.min = 0
#uclamp.max = 1024
}
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-rt"
object.id = "1"
object.serial = "1"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Use realtime thread scheduling, falling back to RTKit"
module.usage = "( nice.level=<priority: default 20(don't change)> ) ( rt.prio=<priority: default 83> ) ( rt.time.soft=<in usec: default -1> ) ( rt.time.hard=<in usec: default -1> ) ( rlimits.enabled=<default true> ) ( rtportal.enabled=<default true> ) ( rtkit.enabled=<default true> ) ( uclamp.min=<default 0> ) ( uclamp.max=<default 1024> )"
module.version = "1.0.5"
nice.level = "-11"
rt.prio = "88"
Module #2
Nom : libpipewire-module-protocol-native
Paramètre : {
# List of server Unix sockets, and optionally permissions
#sockets = [ { name = "pipewire-0" }, { name = "pipewire-0-manager" } ]
}
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-protocol-native"
object.id = "2"
object.serial = "2"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Native protocol using unix sockets"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #3
Nom : libpipewire-module-profiler
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-profiler"
object.id = "3"
object.serial = "3"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Generate Profiling data"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #5
Nom : libpipewire-module-metadata
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-metadata"
object.id = "5"
object.serial = "5"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Allow clients to create metadata store"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #7
Nom : libpipewire-module-spa-device-factory
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-spa-device-factory"
object.id = "7"
object.serial = "7"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Provide a factory to make SPA devices"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #9
Nom : libpipewire-module-spa-node-factory
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-spa-node-factory"
object.id = "9"
object.serial = "9"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Provide a factory to make SPA nodes"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #11
Nom : libpipewire-module-client-node
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-client-node"
object.id = "11"
object.serial = "11"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Allow clients to create and control remote nodes"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #13
Nom : libpipewire-module-client-device
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-client-device"
object.id = "13"
object.serial = "13"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Allow clients to create and control remote devices"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #15
Nom : libpipewire-module-portal
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-portal"
object.id = "15"
object.serial = "15"
Module #16
Nom : libpipewire-module-access
Paramètre : {
# Socket-specific access permissions
#access.socket = { pipewire-0 = "default", pipewire-0-manager = "unrestricted" }
# Deprecated legacy mode (not socket-based),
# for now enabled by default if access.socket is not specified
#access.legacy = true
}
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-access"
object.id = "16"
object.serial = "16"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Perform access check"
module.usage = "( access.socket={ <socket>=<access>, ... } ) ( access.legacy=true ) "
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #17
Nom : libpipewire-module-adapter
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-adapter"
object.id = "17"
object.serial = "17"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Manage adapter nodes"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #19
Nom : libpipewire-module-link-factory
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-link-factory"
object.id = "19"
object.serial = "19"
module.author = "Wim Taymans <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Allow clients to create links"
module.usage = "( allow.link.passive=<bool, default false> ) "
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #21
Nom : libpipewire-module-session-manager
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-session-manager"
object.id = "21"
object.serial = "21"
module.author = "George Kiagiadakis <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Implements objects for session management"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Module #28
Nom : libpipewire-module-jackdbus-detect
Paramètre : {
#jack.library = libjack.so.0
#jack.server = null
#jack.client-name = PipeWire
#jack.connect = true
#tunnel.mode = duplex # source|sink|duplex
source.props = {
#audio.channels = 2
#midi.ports = 1
#audio.position = [ FL FR ]
# extra sink properties
}
sink.props = {
#audio.channels = 2
#midi.ports = 1
#audio.position = [ FL FR ]
# extra sink properties
}
}
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.name = "libpipewire-module-jackdbus-detect"
object.id = "28"
object.serial = "28"
Module #536870912
Nom : module-always-sink
Paramètre :
Nombre d’utilisations : n/d
Propriétés :
module.author = "Pauli Virtanen <[email protected]>"
module.description = "Always keeps at least one sink loaded even if it's a null one"
module.usage = "sink_name=<name of sink>"
module.version = "1.0.5"
Destination #126
État : IDLE
Nom : alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo
Description : HDA NVidia Digital Stereo (HDMI)
Pilote : PipeWire
Spécification de l’échantillon : s32le 2ch 48000Hz
Plan des canaux : front-left,front-right
Module du propriétaire : 4294967295
Sourdine : non
Volume : front-left: 29491 / 45% / -20,81 dB, front-right: 29491 / 45% / -20,81 dB
balance 0,00
Volume de base : 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
Source du moniteur : alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo.monitor
Latence : 0 usec, configuré 0 usec
Marqueurs : HARDWARE DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY SET_FORMATS
Propriétés :
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA NVidia"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.components = "HDA:10de0094,14628d92,00100100"
alsa.device = "3"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
alsa.id = "NVidia"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA NVidia at 0xef080000 irq 17"
alsa.mixer_name = "Nvidia GPU 94 HDMI/DP"
alsa.name = "DELL U2718Q"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
api.alsa.card.longname = "HDA NVidia at 0xef080000 irq 17"
api.alsa.card.name = "HDA NVidia"
api.alsa.path = "hdmi:0"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "0"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "playback"
audio.channels = "2"
audio.position = "FL,FR"
card.profile.device = "4"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
device.id = "48"
device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (HDMI)"
device.profile.name = "hdmi-stereo"
device.routes = "1"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.sink"
media.class = "Audio/Sink"
device.description = "HDA NVidia"
node.name = "alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo"
node.nick = "DELL U2718Q"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
object.path = "alsa:pcm:0:hdmi:0:playback"
priority.driver = "696"
priority.session = "696"
factory.id = "18"
clock.quantum-limit = "8192"
client.id = "35"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "merge"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "79"
object.serial = "126"
node.max-latency = "16384/48000"
api.alsa.period-size = "1024"
api.alsa.period-num = "32"
api.alsa.headroom = "0"
api.acp.auto-port = "false"
api.acp.auto-profile = "false"
api.alsa.card = "0"
api.alsa.use-acp = "true"
api.dbus.ReserveDevice1 = "Audio0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:01:00.1"
device.enum.api = "udev"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-analog-pci"
device.name = "alsa_card.pci-0000_01_00.1"
device.nick = "HDA NVidia"
device.plugged.usec = "7069916"
device.product.id = "0x10fa"
device.subsystem = "sound"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card0"
device.vendor.id = "0x10de"
device.vendor.name = "NVIDIA Corporation"
device.string = "0"
Ports :
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (type: HDMI, priority: 5900, availability group: Legacy 1, available)
Port actif : hdmi-output-0
Formats :
pcm
Destination #146
État : RUNNING
Nom : alsa_output.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.analog-stereo
Description : EPOS BTD 800 Analog Stereo
Pilote : PipeWire
Spécification de l’échantillon : s16le 2ch 48000Hz
Plan des canaux : front-left,front-right
Module du propriétaire : 4294967295
Sourdine : non
Volume : front-left: 26214 / 40% / -23,88 dB, front-right: 26214 / 40% / -23,88 dB
balance 0,00
Volume de base : 41335 / 63% / -12,01 dB
Source du moniteur : alsa_output.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.analog-stereo.monitor
Latence : 0 usec, configuré 0 usec
Marqueurs : HARDWARE HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Propriétés :
alsa.card = "3"
alsa.card_name = "EPOS BTD 800"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.components = "USB1395:0382"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
alsa.id = "E800"
alsa.long_card_name = "EPOS EPOS BTD 800 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed"
alsa.mixer_name = "USB Mixer"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
api.alsa.card.longname = "EPOS EPOS BTD 800 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed"
api.alsa.card.name = "EPOS BTD 800"
api.alsa.path = "front:3"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "3"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "playback"
audio.channels = "2"
audio.position = "FL,FR"
card.profile.device = "3"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
device.id = "84"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.routes = "1"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.sink"
media.class = "Audio/Sink"
device.description = "EPOS BTD 800"
node.name = "alsa_output.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.analog-stereo"
node.nick = "EPOS BTD 800"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
object.path = "alsa:pcm:3:front:3:playback"
priority.driver = "1009"
priority.session = "1009"
factory.id = "18"
clock.quantum-limit = "8192"
client.id = "35"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "merge"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "86"
object.serial = "146"
node.max-latency = "16384/48000"
api.alsa.period-size = "256"
api.alsa.period-num = "128"
api.alsa.headroom = "256"
api.acp.auto-port = "false"
api.acp.auto-profile = "false"
api.alsa.card = "3"
api.alsa.use-acp = "true"
api.dbus.ReserveDevice1 = "Audio3"
device.bus = "usb"
device.bus-id = "usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0"
device.enum.api = "udev"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-analog-usb"
device.name = "alsa_card.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00"
device.nick = "EPOS BTD 800"
device.plugged.usec = "2794502964"
device.product.id = "0x0382"
device.product.name = "EPOS BTD 800"
device.serial = "EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583"
device.subsystem = "sound"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/sound/card3"
device.vendor.id = "0x1395"
device.vendor.name = "DSEA A/S"
device.string = "3"
Ports :
analog-output: Analog Output (type: Analog, priority: 9900, availability unknown)
Port actif : analog-output
Formats :
pcm
Source #62
État : RUNNING
Nom : alsa_input.usb-046d_0809_78AC8FE2-02.mono-fallback
Description : Webcam Pro 9000 Mono
Pilote : PipeWire
Spécification de l’échantillon : s16le 1ch 48000Hz
Plan des canaux : mono
Module du propriétaire : 4294967295
Sourdine : non
Volume : mono: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
Volume de base : 19944 / 30% / -31,00 dB
Moniteur de la destination : n/d
Latence : 0 usec, configuré 0 usec
Marqueurs : HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Propriétés :
alsa.card = "1"
alsa.card_name = "USB Device 0x46d:0x809"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.components = "USB046d:0809"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
alsa.id = "U0x46d0x809"
alsa.long_card_name = "USB Device 0x46d:0x809 at usb-0000:00:14.0-5, high speed"
alsa.mixer_name = "USB Mixer"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
api.alsa.card.longname = "USB Device 0x46d:0x809 at usb-0000:00:14.0-5, high speed"
api.alsa.card.name = "USB Device 0x46d:0x809"
api.alsa.path = "hw:1"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "1"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "capture"
audio.channels = "1"
audio.position = "MONO"
card.profile.device = "1"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
device.id = "49"
device.profile.description = "Mono"
device.profile.name = "mono-fallback"
device.routes = "1"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.source"
media.class = "Audio/Source"
device.description = "Webcam Pro 9000"
node.name = "alsa_input.usb-046d_0809_78AC8FE2-02.mono-fallback"
node.nick = "USB Device 0x46d 0x809"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
object.path = "alsa:pcm:1:hw:1:capture"
priority.driver = "2000"
priority.session = "2000"
factory.id = "18"
clock.quantum-limit = "8192"
client.id = "35"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "split"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "62"
object.serial = "62"
node.max-latency = "16384/48000"
api.alsa.period-size = "512"
api.alsa.period-num = "64"
api.alsa.headroom = "512"
api.acp.auto-port = "false"
api.acp.auto-profile = "false"
api.alsa.card = "1"
api.alsa.use-acp = "true"
api.dbus.ReserveDevice1 = "Audio1"
device.bus = "usb"
device.bus-id = "usb-046d_0809_78AC8FE2-02"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:5:1.2"
device.enum.api = "udev"
device.form_factor = "webcam"
device.icon_name = "camera-web-analog-usb"
device.name = "alsa_card.usb-046d_0809_78AC8FE2-02"
device.nick = "USB Device 0x46d:0x809"
device.plugged.usec = "7635131"
device.product.id = "0x0809"
device.product.name = "Webcam Pro 9000"
device.serial = "046d_0809_78AC8FE2"
device.subsystem = "sound"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-5/1-5:1.2/sound/card1"
device.vendor.id = "0x046d"
device.vendor.name = "Logitech, Inc."
device.string = "1"
Ports :
analog-input-mic: Microphone (type: Mic, priority: 8700, availability unknown)
Port actif : analog-input-mic
Formats :
pcm
Source #126
État : IDLE
Nom : alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo.monitor
Description : Monitor of HDA NVidia Digital Stereo (HDMI)
Pilote : PipeWire
Spécification de l’échantillon : s32le 2ch 48000Hz
Plan des canaux : front-left,front-right
Module du propriétaire : 4294967295
Sourdine : non
Volume : front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
Volume de base : 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
Moniteur de la destination : alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo
Latence : 0 usec, configuré 0 usec
Marqueurs : HARDWARE DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Propriétés :
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA NVidia"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.components = "HDA:10de0094,14628d92,00100100"
alsa.device = "3"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
alsa.id = "NVidia"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA NVidia at 0xef080000 irq 17"
alsa.mixer_name = "Nvidia GPU 94 HDMI/DP"
alsa.name = "DELL U2718Q"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
api.alsa.card.longname = "HDA NVidia at 0xef080000 irq 17"
api.alsa.card.name = "HDA NVidia"
api.alsa.path = "hdmi:0"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "0"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "playback"
audio.channels = "2"
audio.position = "FL,FR"
card.profile.device = "4"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "monitor"
device.id = "48"
device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (HDMI)"
device.profile.name = "hdmi-stereo"
device.routes = "1"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.sink"
media.class = "Audio/Sink"
device.description = "HDA NVidia"
node.name = "alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo"
node.nick = "DELL U2718Q"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
object.path = "alsa:pcm:0:hdmi:0:playback"
priority.driver = "696"
priority.session = "696"
factory.id = "18"
clock.quantum-limit = "8192"
client.id = "35"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "merge"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "79"
object.serial = "126"
node.max-latency = "16384/48000"
api.alsa.period-size = "1024"
api.alsa.period-num = "32"
api.alsa.headroom = "0"
api.acp.auto-port = "false"
api.acp.auto-profile = "false"
api.alsa.card = "0"
api.alsa.use-acp = "true"
api.dbus.ReserveDevice1 = "Audio0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:01:00.1"
device.enum.api = "udev"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-analog-pci"
device.name = "alsa_card.pci-0000_01_00.1"
device.nick = "HDA NVidia"
device.plugged.usec = "7069916"
device.product.id = "0x10fa"
device.subsystem = "sound"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card0"
device.vendor.id = "0x10de"
device.vendor.name = "NVIDIA Corporation"
device.string = "0"
Ports :
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (type: HDMI, priority: 5900, availability group: Legacy 1, available)
Port actif : hdmi-output-0
Formats :
pcm
Source #146
État : RUNNING
Nom : alsa_output.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.analog-stereo.monitor
Description : Monitor of EPOS BTD 800 Analog Stereo
Pilote : PipeWire
Spécification de l’échantillon : s16le 2ch 48000Hz
Plan des canaux : front-left,front-right
Module du propriétaire : 4294967295
Sourdine : non
Volume : front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
Volume de base : 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
Moniteur de la destination : alsa_output.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.analog-stereo
Latence : 0 usec, configuré 0 usec
Marqueurs : HARDWARE DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Propriétés :
alsa.card = "3"
alsa.card_name = "EPOS BTD 800"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.components = "USB1395:0382"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
alsa.id = "E800"
alsa.long_card_name = "EPOS EPOS BTD 800 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed"
alsa.mixer_name = "USB Mixer"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
api.alsa.card.longname = "EPOS EPOS BTD 800 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed"
api.alsa.card.name = "EPOS BTD 800"
api.alsa.path = "front:3"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "3"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "playback"
audio.channels = "2"
audio.position = "FL,FR"
card.profile.device = "3"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "monitor"
device.id = "84"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.routes = "1"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.sink"
media.class = "Audio/Sink"
device.description = "EPOS BTD 800"
node.name = "alsa_output.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.analog-stereo"
node.nick = "EPOS BTD 800"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
object.path = "alsa:pcm:3:front:3:playback"
priority.driver = "1009"
priority.session = "1009"
factory.id = "18"
clock.quantum-limit = "8192"
client.id = "35"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "merge"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "86"
object.serial = "146"
node.max-latency = "16384/48000"
api.alsa.period-size = "256"
api.alsa.period-num = "128"
api.alsa.headroom = "256"
api.acp.auto-port = "false"
api.acp.auto-profile = "false"
api.alsa.card = "3"
api.alsa.use-acp = "true"
api.dbus.ReserveDevice1 = "Audio3"
device.bus = "usb"
device.bus-id = "usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0"
device.enum.api = "udev"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-analog-usb"
device.name = "alsa_card.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00"
device.nick = "EPOS BTD 800"
device.plugged.usec = "2794502964"
device.product.id = "0x0382"
device.product.name = "EPOS BTD 800"
device.serial = "EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583"
device.subsystem = "sound"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/sound/card3"
device.vendor.id = "0x1395"
device.vendor.name = "DSEA A/S"
device.string = "3"
Ports :
analog-output: Analog Output (type: Analog, priority: 9900, availability unknown)
Port actif : analog-output
Formats :
pcm
Source #147
État : RUNNING
Nom : alsa_input.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.mono-fallback
Description : EPOS BTD 800 Mono
Pilote : PipeWire
Spécification de l’échantillon : s16le 1ch 16000Hz
Plan des canaux : mono
Module du propriétaire : 4294967295
Sourdine : non
Volume : mono: 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
balance 0,00
Volume de base : 65536 / 100% / 0,00 dB
Moniteur de la destination : n/d
Latence : 0 usec, configuré 0 usec
Marqueurs : HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Propriétés :
alsa.card = "3"
alsa.card_name = "EPOS BTD 800"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.components = "USB1395:0382"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_usb_audio"
alsa.id = "E800"
alsa.long_card_name = "EPOS EPOS BTD 800 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed"
alsa.mixer_name = "USB Mixer"
alsa.name = "USB Audio"
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
api.alsa.card.longname = "EPOS EPOS BTD 800 at usb-0000:00:14.0-2, full speed"
api.alsa.card.name = "EPOS BTD 800"
api.alsa.path = "hw:3"
api.alsa.pcm.card = "3"
api.alsa.pcm.stream = "capture"
audio.channels = "1"
audio.position = "MONO"
card.profile.device = "2"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
device.id = "84"
device.profile.description = "Mono"
device.profile.name = "mono-fallback"
device.routes = "1"
factory.name = "api.alsa.pcm.source"
media.class = "Audio/Source"
device.description = "EPOS BTD 800"
node.name = "alsa_input.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00.mono-fallback"
node.nick = "EPOS BTD 800"
node.pause-on-idle = "false"
object.path = "alsa:pcm:3:hw:3:capture"
priority.driver = "2000"
priority.session = "2000"
factory.id = "18"
clock.quantum-limit = "8192"
client.id = "35"
node.driver = "true"
factory.mode = "split"
audio.adapt.follower = ""
library.name = "audioconvert/libspa-audioconvert"
object.id = "88"
object.serial = "147"
node.max-latency = "16000/16000"
api.alsa.period-size = "256"
api.alsa.period-num = "125"
api.alsa.headroom = "256"
api.acp.auto-port = "false"
api.acp.auto-profile = "false"
api.alsa.card = "3"
api.alsa.use-acp = "true"
api.dbus.ReserveDevice1 = "Audio3"
device.bus = "usb"
device.bus-id = "usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:14.0-usb-0:2:1.0"
device.enum.api = "udev"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-analog-usb"
device.name = "alsa_card.usb-EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583-00"
device.nick = "EPOS BTD 800"
device.plugged.usec = "2794502964"
device.product.id = "0x0382"
device.product.name = "EPOS BTD 800"
device.serial = "EPOS_EPOS_BTD_800_A000870205107583"
device.subsystem = "sound"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/sound/card3"
device.vendor.id = "0x1395"
device.vendor.name = "DSEA A/S"
device.string = "3"
Ports :
analog-input-headset-mic: Headset Microphone (type: Casque, priority: 8800, availability unknown)
Port actif : analog-input-headset-mic
Formats :
pcm
我刚刚升级到 KDE 5.27.11，发现我最常用的自定义快捷方式之一无法再使用。
我曾经使用 Ctrl+Alt+Left 和 Ctrl+Alt+Right 在虚拟桌面之间垂直切换（这样我就不必记住我是要向上还是向下），但现在看来我需要将一个设置为向上，一个设置为向下，而当我已经在顶部/底部时，向上/向下移动什么也不做。
有没有办法让它像以前一样工作？例如：如果我在顶部桌面时点击“向上”，它就会前进到底部桌面。
我正在使用 Kubuntu，想管理登录时自动启动的应用程序。我已检查系统设置中的“自动启动”选项卡，但我刚刚安装了 AnyDesk，尽管它没有列在那里，但它会自动启动。
那么其他桌面 GUI 如 Ubuntu 或最省电的 Ubuntu Mate，它们的自动启动应用程序隐藏在哪里？
我将目录从旧的外部驱动器复制到新的外部驱动器，但我不知道字节数或位数是哪个，它们是不同的。在旧的驱动器中，dolphin 显示目录的大小为 782,3 GiB (839.945.943.248)，而在新的驱动器中，dolphin 显示目录的大小为 782,3 GiB (839.937.038.544)。两个驱动器中的文件和文件夹数量相同。这是正常的还是应该相同？这是一张图片：
左边的是旧驱动器，右边的是新驱动器。