我注意到在我的 Ubuntu 20.04 中，我有一些重复的包（来自 Ubuntu 18.04）：计算器、系统监视器等。例如，当我搜索系统监视器时，结果如下：
另外，老包出现乱码，打开老版本显示如下：
但是，Ubuntu 20.04 的版本可以正常显示而没有该问题。
我怎样才能摆脱那些重复的包？
我很好奇为什么 gnome-calculator 似乎错误地计算 cos(pi)，如图所示。我尝试使用不同的 rad/deg 设置而没有得到正确的结果。
我很好奇问题是什么，因为软件肯定必须是正确的。
当我通过终端执行“大胆”时，我得到下一个日志并且根本无法使用它：
efsandino@mc4-efsandino:~$ audacity
Gtk-Message: 09:00:50.299: Failed to load module "overlay-scrollbar"
Gtk-Message: 09:00:50.299: Failed to load module "gail"
Gtk-Message: 09:00:50.300: Failed to load module "atk-bridge"
Gtk-Message: 09:00:50.336: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
ALSA lib conf.c:3710:(snd_config_hook_load) cannot stat file/directory /usr/share/alsa/cards/aliases.conf
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.default
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.default
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.front
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.rear
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.center_lfe
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.side
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround21
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround21
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround40
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround41
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround50
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround51
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.surround71
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.iec958
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.iec958
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.iec958
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.hdmi
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.hdmi
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.modem
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.modem
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.phoneline
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.phoneline
ALSA lib pcm.c:2495:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.dmix
Cannot connect to server socket err = No such file or directory
Cannot connect to server request channel
jack server is not running or cannot be started
JackShmReadWritePtr::~JackShmReadWritePtr - Init not done for -1, skipping unlock
JackShmReadWritePtr::~JackShmReadWritePtr - Init not done for -1, skipping unlock
ALSA lib seq_hw.c:466:(snd_seq_hw_open) open /dev/snd/seq failed: Permission denied
Terminado (killed)
关于如何解决它的任何想法？- 我还注意到我的 gnome-calculator 显示奇怪的符号，这些问题是否相关？
我的操作系统：Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
系统：Ubuntu 18.04 LTS，x86_64
如下图所示的乱码问题：
但是 gedit（默认文本监视器）工作正常：
我该如何解决这个问题？
今天，2020年2月8日，我打开计算器使用，但我发现计算器没有这样的按钮。
我不知道为什么会变成这样。三天前，我正在使用它，没有任何问题。我确信我没有做任何对系统有害的事情。这发生在我的笔记本电脑和台式电脑上。
我正在使用 Ubuntu 19.10。你对此有什么想法吗？
我正在尝试从我的系统中删除 Evolution。但是，删除它也会删除 GNOME 环境。
因此，我得出结论，没有 Evolution 就不可能拥有 GNOME。请注意，我对隐藏它不感兴趣！
根据我的理解，如果没有 GNOME 或 KDE 或其他一些桌面环境，应该无法拥有 Evolution。
这种将 Evolution 逼入用户喉咙的设置是什么废话？这种行为似乎更适用于 Windows。
这不是唯一奇怪的依赖。其他遵循类似模式的：gnome-calculator、gnome-contacts、evince
最后，问题：是否有可能安装 GNOME 桌面环境并且只有：文件管理器和终端
我在 Windows 10 上使用 Hyper-V 中的快速创建功能创建了一个新 VM。
设置 VM 后（我选择了语言设置，创建了密码等），然后我尝试安装 Visual Studio Code 并收到以下错误消息：
Unable to install "Visual Studio Code": too early for operation, device not yet seeded or device model not acknowledged.
从调查来看，这似乎是一个快速问题。
这里有一些细节
snap --version：
snap 2.38
snapd 2.38
series 16
ubuntu 18.04
kernel 4.15.0-50-generic
snap changes：
ID Status Spawn Ready Summary
1 Doing today at 10:58 BST - Initialize system state
2 Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Initialize device
snap tasks --last=seed：
Status Spawn Ready Summary
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Ensure prerequisites for "core" are available
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/core_6673.snap" (6673)
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Mount snap "core" (6673)
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Copy snap "core" data
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Setup snap "core" (6673) security profiles
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:58 BST Make snap "core" (6673) available to the system
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "core"
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Set automatic aliases for snap "core"
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Setup snap "core" aliases
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Run install hook of "core" snap if present
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Start snap "core" (6673) services
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Run configure hook of "core" snap if present
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Ensure prerequisites for "gnome-3-26-1604" are available
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/gnome-3-26-1604_82.snap" (82)
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Mount snap "gnome-3-26-1604" (82)
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Copy snap "gnome-3-26-1604" data
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Setup snap "gnome-3-26-1604" (82) security profiles
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Make snap "gnome-3-26-1604" (82) available to the system
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "gnome-3-26-1604"
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Set automatic aliases for snap "gnome-3-26-1604"
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Setup snap "gnome-3-26-1604" aliases
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Run install hook of "gnome-3-26-1604" snap if present
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Start snap "gnome-3-26-1604" (82) services
Done today at 10:58 BST today at 10:59 BST Run configure hook of "gnome-3-26-1604" snap if present
Doing today at 10:58 BST - Ensure prerequisites for "gnome-calculator" are available
Do today at 10:58 BST - Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/gnome-calculator_352.snap" (352)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Mount snap "gnome-calculator" (352)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Copy snap "gnome-calculator" data
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-calculator" (352) security profiles
Do today at 10:58 BST - Make snap "gnome-calculator" (352) available to the system
Do today at 10:58 BST - Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "gnome-calculator"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Set automatic aliases for snap "gnome-calculator"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-calculator" aliases
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run install hook of "gnome-calculator" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Start snap "gnome-calculator" (352) services
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run configure hook of "gnome-calculator" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Ensure prerequisites for "gnome-characters" are available
Do today at 10:58 BST - Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/gnome-characters_206.snap" (206)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Mount snap "gnome-characters" (206)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Copy snap "gnome-characters" data
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-characters" (206) security profiles
Do today at 10:58 BST - Make snap "gnome-characters" (206) available to the system
Do today at 10:58 BST - Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "gnome-characters"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Set automatic aliases for snap "gnome-characters"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-characters" aliases
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run install hook of "gnome-characters" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Start snap "gnome-characters" (206) services
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run configure hook of "gnome-characters" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Ensure prerequisites for "gnome-logs" are available
Do today at 10:58 BST - Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/gnome-logs_57.snap" (57)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Mount snap "gnome-logs" (57)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Copy snap "gnome-logs" data
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-logs" (57) security profiles
Do today at 10:58 BST - Make snap "gnome-logs" (57) available to the system
Do today at 10:58 BST - Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "gnome-logs"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Set automatic aliases for snap "gnome-logs"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-logs" aliases
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run install hook of "gnome-logs" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Start snap "gnome-logs" (57) services
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run configure hook of "gnome-logs" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Ensure prerequisites for "gnome-system-monitor" are available
Do today at 10:58 BST - Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/gnome-system-monitor_70.snap" (70)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Mount snap "gnome-system-monitor" (70)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Copy snap "gnome-system-monitor" data
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-system-monitor" (70) security profiles
Do today at 10:58 BST - Make snap "gnome-system-monitor" (70) available to the system
Do today at 10:58 BST - Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "gnome-system-monitor"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Set automatic aliases for snap "gnome-system-monitor"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gnome-system-monitor" aliases
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run install hook of "gnome-system-monitor" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Start snap "gnome-system-monitor" (70) services
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run configure hook of "gnome-system-monitor" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Ensure prerequisites for "gtk-common-themes" are available
Do today at 10:58 BST - Prepare snap "/var/lib/snapd/seed/snaps/gtk-common-themes_1198.snap" (1198)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Mount snap "gtk-common-themes" (1198)
Do today at 10:58 BST - Copy snap "gtk-common-themes" data
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gtk-common-themes" (1198) security profiles
Do today at 10:58 BST - Make snap "gtk-common-themes" (1198) available to the system
Do today at 10:58 BST - Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "gtk-common-themes"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Set automatic aliases for snap "gtk-common-themes"
Do today at 10:58 BST - Setup snap "gtk-common-themes" aliases
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run install hook of "gtk-common-themes" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Start snap "gtk-common-themes" (1198) services
Do today at 10:58 BST - Run configure hook of "gtk-common-themes" snap if present
Do today at 10:58 BST - Mark system seeded
......................................................................
Make snap "core" (6673) available to the system
2019-05-17T10:58:58+01:00 INFO Requested daemon restart.
......................................................................
Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "core"
2019-05-17T10:58:58+01:00 INFO Waiting for restart...
sudo systemctl status snapd.autoimport：
● snapd.autoimport.service - Auto import assertions from block devices
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/snapd.autoimport.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Condition: start condition failed at Fri 2019-05-17 16:31:20 BST; 33min ago
└─ ConditionKernelCommandLine=snap_core was not met
Windows 详细信息：- Windows 10，版本 1809，（操作系统内部版本 17763.437）
我尝试过的事情
1 - 乱搞/var/lib/snapd/state.json
我在这里尝试了这个建议：https ://forum.snapcraft.io/t/cant-install-or-refresh-snaps-on-arch-linux/8690/28
看起来像这样：
sudo systemctl stop snapd
sudo cat /var/lib/snapd/state.json | \
jq 'delpaths([["data", "auth", "device"]])' > state.json-new
sudo cp state.json-new /var/lib/snapd/state.json
sudo systemctl start snapd
但是（这可能是我是一个 Ubuntu 菜鸟）我无法jq安装，我不确定它到底在做什么，所以我不能手动安装。
2 - 使用 Ubuntu 19 映像
这显然有同样的问题。
3 - 一位同事尝试使用他的笔记本电脑
他有同样的问题
4 - 重新安装snapd
我运行了这个：sudo apt install --reinstall snapd只是为了让安装卡在 67%。
5 - 乱搞/var/lib/snapd/seed/seed.yaml
根据这个错误：https ://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg5400922.html
我尝试重新排序 gtk-common-themes 部分并删除 gnome-calculator 部分（每次更改后重新启动），这似乎没有任何区别。该snap tasks --last=seed命令仍然显示它卡在 gnome-calculator 任务上。
6 - 用头撞键盘
我感觉好多了，但问题仍然存在。
7 - 使用非快速启动图像
我下载了一个 Ubuntu 18.04.2 ISO 并使用了它。这有效（因为我可以安装 Visual Studio Code 并且 snap 命令看起来很健康）。然而，它没有所有漂亮的 hyper-v 东西，所以屏幕很糟糕，没有复制和粘贴，鼠标非常迟钝等等......
我可以安装各种位来使这个图像对 hyper-v 更友好，但我有一种感觉，我永远不会像官方的那样光滑。如果我能解决snap这个问题，我想我最终会得到最好的用户体验。
8 - 这有效。玩弄/var/lib/snapd/seed/seed.yaml第 2 部分
我从里面删除了一堆东西，/var/lib/snapd/seed/seed.yaml所以现在看起来像这样：
snaps:
-
name: core
channel: stable
file: core_6673.snap
-
name: gtk-common-themes
channel: stable/ubuntu-18.04
file: gtk-common-themes_1198.snap
-
name: gnome-3-26-1604
channel: stable/ubuntu-18.04
file: gnome-3-26-1604_82.snap
然后确实snap abort --last=seed紧随其后sudo systemctl restart snapd。检查snap tasks --last=seed- 它们都应该是完整的，您可以安装快照（例如 Visual Studio Code）。
比我聪明的人可能会指出这会导致可怕的副作用。
我正在运行 18.10，最近 gnome-calculator 停止运行。从命令行运行它会得到以下结果：
jr@Ubuntu-HP:~$ gnome-calculator
You need to connect this snap to the gnome platform snap.
You can do this with those commands:
snap install gnome-3-26-1604
snap connect gnome-calculator:gnome-3-26-1604 gnome-3-26-1604
(the '3-26-1604' number defines the platform version and might change)
因此，按照这些说明：
jr@Ubuntu-HP:~$ snap install gnome-3-26-1604
snap "gnome-3-26-1604" is already installed, see 'snap help refresh'
jr@Ubuntu-HP:~$ snap connect gnome-calculator:gnome-3-26-1604 gnome-3-26-1604
error: snap "gnome-calculator" has no plug named "gnome-3-26-1604"
jr@Ubuntu-HP:~$ apt-cache policy gnome-calculator
gnome-calculator:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1:3.30.1-1ubuntu1
Version table:
1:3.30.1-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu cosmic/main amd64 Packages
关于如何解决这个问题的任何想法？
谢谢！
这是我的$PATH：
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
我目前正在运行 Ubuntu 18.04.1 并安装了 gnome-calculator 3.30.1。我很确定这是与 18.04 捆绑在一起的。
每次我启动 gnome-calculator 时，apparmor 都会在 /var/log/kern.log 中记录以下消息：
kernel: [10238.459543]
audit: type=1400
audit(1547652310.229:29638):
apparmor="DENIED"
operation="open"
profile="snap.gnome-calculator.gnome-calculator"
name="/home/me/Documents/"
pid=10260
comm="head"
requested_mask="r"
denied_mask="r"
fsuid=1000
ouid=1000
记录了另外七条相同的消息，唯一的区别是 gnome-calculator 尝试访问的目录：
name="/home/me/Desktop/"
name="/home/me/Downloads/"
name="/home/me/Music/"
name="/home/me/Pictures/"
name="/home/me/Videos/"
name="/home/me/Public/"
name="/home/me/Templates/"
我对上述内容的解释是 gnome-calculator 正在尝试扫描我的主目录的内容，而 AppArmor 正在阻止它这样做。
如果是这样，为什么 gnome-calculator 扫描我的主目录？
是否有其他人看到相同的日志消息？gnome-calculator 3.30.1 是否被恶意软件感染？我应该担心吗？