我在 django 中使用 crontab，我的操作系统是 ubuntu
def my_scheduled_job():
print("1")
这是 settings.py 中的代码
CRONJOBS = [
('*/1 * * * *', 'stocks.cron.my_scheduled_job')
]
如果我跑
python3 manage.py crontab 运行#with hash
它运行该功能并打印它，但是当我运行服务器时它不运行。我应该怎么办。
这是我在 crontab 中的代码
crontab -e
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/python3 /home/stockstelegraph/manage.py crontab run 6b918d2422a9f4fce735a3383cee6485 # django-cronjobs
我有一个Django配置为将数据库查询写入/tmp/db.log文件的应用程序。
"debug_console_to_file": {
"level": "DEBUG",
"filters": ["require_debug_true"],
"class": "logging.FileHandler",
"filename": "/tmp/db.log",
},
应用程序通常从以用户身份uwsgi使用的服务器启动www-data。python manage.py但是，有时我通过我的用户手动运行它（使用） - tvelichkov。
问题是，当我尝试从我的用户启动它时，我收到一个 Permission denied 错误，/tmp/db.log因为www-data已经创建了它（删除文件可以临时解决问题，但是服务器将收到相同的错误，因为现在我用户拥有该文件）。
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/tmp/db.log'
我试图将我的用户添加到www-data组
$ members www-data
www-data tvelichkov
我还尝试为777文件授予文件权限。
$ ls -l /tmp/db.log
-rwxrwsrwx 1 www-data www-data 22102 юли 30 15:25 /tmp/db.log
但我仍然不断收到这个Permission denied错误。任何帮助，将不胜感激。
注意：我以前在 Ubuntu 18.04 中对这个设置没有任何问题，但现在我在 Ubuntu 20.04 中有它。
更新：这是该/tmp/文件夹的权限，但请注意，这是在我运行之后chown root:root /tmp并且chmod 777 /tmp正如@adrian vera 所建议的那样，顺便说一句，在此更改之后似乎chmod 777 /tmp/db.log正在工作，因为我不再收到 Permission denied 错误。Ubuntu 是否有可能/tmp/在 18.04 和 20.04 版本之间更改了文件夹的内容？因为我很确定在遇到此问题之前我没有对此文件夹进行任何更改？
$ ls -l / | grep tmp
drwxrwxrwx 24 root root 4096 авг 3 10:19 tmp
注意 2：我还有一台安装了干净的 Ubuntu 20.04 的机器，我也遇到了这个问题，回家后我也会仔细检查那里的权限。
UPDATE2：所以在干净的 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装/tmp/文件夹的权限是：
$ ls -l / | grep tmp
drwxrwxrwt 23 root root 12288 авг 3 16:41 tmp
这就是它的/tmp/db.log样子：
$ ls -l /tmp/db.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 0 авг 3 16:54 /tmp/db.log
$ sudo chmod 777 /tmp/db.log
$ ls -l /tmp/db.log
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data www-data 0 авг 3 16:54 /tmp/db.log
$ lsattr /tmp/db.log
--------------e----- /tmp/db.log
$ whoami
tvelichkov
$ getent group www-data
www-data:x:33:tvelichkov
$ python manage.py test --settings=cs.settings.test
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/tvelichkov/.pyenv/versions/3.6.10/lib/python3.6/logging/config.py", line 565, in configure
handler = self.configure_handler(handlers[name])
File "/home/tvelichkov/.pyenv/versions/3.6.10/lib/python3.6/logging/config.py", line 738, in configure_handler
result = factory(**kwargs)
File "/home/tvelichkov/.pyenv/versions/3.6.10/lib/python3.6/logging/__init__.py", line 1032, in __init__
StreamHandler.__init__(self, self._open())
File "/home/tvelichkov/.pyenv/versions/3.6.10/lib/python3.6/logging/__init__.py", line 1061, in _open
return open(self.baseFilename, self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/tmp/db.log'
描述
我试过的
在以下 [1.2.3...] 命令的每个步骤之后，我执行了以下命令来刷新：
python3 manage.py collectstaticsudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl restart nginxsudo systemctl restart gunicorn1.运行：sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/ch-project /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
1.结果：ln: failed to create symbolic link '/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ch-project': File exists
2.运行：/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/my-project
2.结果：-bash: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/my-project: Permission denied
3.运行：systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2020-03-26 13:27:08 UTC; 13s ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Process: 11111 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 11111 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 11111 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
sudo nginx -tnginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/myproject" failed (2: No such file or directory) in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:62
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
nginx.conf但在那种情况下，他们谈论的是一个 worldpres 网站，所以我不知道如何在这里实现它。sudo nginx -c /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default -tnginx: [emerg] "server" directive is not allowed here in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:21
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default test failed
我在带有 ubuntu 18.04.3(LTS) 的 Digital Ocean 液滴上安装了一个 django 项目。我已经安装了 python 3 和 Django 3。在我的虚拟环境中，命令 python --version 返回 3.6.9 命令 django-admin --version 返回 3.0.4。
当我尝试通过浏览器访问 django 时，出现未知导入名称路径错误。我知道这仅在 django 的更高版本中可用。真正的问题是错误页面给出了 2.7.17 的 python 版本和 1.11.11 的 django 版本。我正在使用 gunicorn 和 nginx。写完之后，我突然想到要重新使用 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000。该项目提出没有错误。如何让 gunicorn 和 nginx 运行我的环境版本的 python 和 django？
为了设置 gunicorn，我使用了 Digital Ocean 文章中关于设置 django 站点的分步脚本。
nginx -v 返回：nginx版本：nginx/1.14.0（Ubuntu）
gunicorn -v 返回：gunicorn（版本 19.7.1）
gunicorn.socket：
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket
[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
gunicorn.service
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target
[Service]
User=me
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/me/xyzdir
ExecStart=/usr/bin/gunicorn \
--access-logfile - \
--workers 3 \
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
xyz.wsgi:application
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
我对 Linux 很陌生，所以我可能更多地以 Windows 的方式思考。
我想用 Python 开发一些东西，尤其是 Django 和 Discord Bot。我有一个文件夹PythonEnvironment，我在其中设置了一个名为pyvenv. 现在我想安装“discord.py”并问自己：我应该为discord.py它自己的 Venv（例如discordvenv）和 Django 设置它自己的 Venv（例如djangovenv），还是只在一个 Venv 中安装所有东西？
当我安装了我需要的所有东西时，我可以像在 Windows 中一样开始在 PyCharm 中编程，还是我必须做更多的事情，例如告诉 Pycharm 在特定的 Venv 中工作？
由于某种原因，它不起作用。您在此代码中看到任何问题吗？提前感谢您的评论！
错误日志：
2019/11/10 18:02:02 [error] 8761#8761: *1 connect() to unix:/run/gunicorn.sock failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: demid.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock:/", host: "127.0.0.1"
终端：
demid@demid-Aspire-7736:~$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
demid@demid-Aspire-7736:~$ systemctl daemon-reload
demid@demid-Aspire-7736:~$ systemctl restart gunicorn.socket gunicorn.service nginx.service; systemctl status gunicorn.socket gunicorn.service nginx.service
Failed to dump process list, ignoring: No such file or directory
● gunicorn.socket - gunicorn socket
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-11-10 17:59:39 EET; 288ms ago
Listen: /run/gunicorn.sock (Stream)
CGroup: /system.slice/gunicorn.socket
lapkr. 10 17:59:39 demid-Aspire-7736 systemd[1]: Listening on gunicorn socket.
● gunicorn.service - gunicorn daemon
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-11-10 17:59:39 EET; 213ms ago
Main PID: 8756 (gunicorn)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4669)
CGroup: /system.slice/gunicorn.service
└─8756 /home/demid/myprojectdir/myprojectenv/bin/python3 /home/demid/myprojectdir/myprojectenv/bin/gunicorn
lapkr. 10 17:59:39 demid-Aspire-7736 systemd[1]: Started gunicorn daemon.
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-11-10 17:59:39 EET; 70ms ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Process: 8757 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited,
Process: 8759 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 8758 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 8760 (nginx)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 4669)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─8760 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
├─8761 nginx: worker process
└─8762 nginx: worker process
lapkr. 10 17:59:39 demid-Aspire-7736 systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server...
lapkr. 10 17:59:39 demid-Aspire-7736 systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server.
/etc/nginx/conf.d/demid.com.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name demid.com;
location = /favicon.ico {access_log off; log_not_found off;}
location /static/ {
root /demid/myprojectdir;
}
location / {
include proxy_params;
#proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
# proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
#proxy_pass http://unix:/home/sammy/myproject/myproject.sock;
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
}
}
/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After = network.target
[Service]
User=root
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/demid/myprojectdir
ExecStart=/home/demid/myprojectdir/myprojectenv/bin/gunicorn \
--access-logfile - \
--workers 3 \
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
myproject.wsgi:application
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 50000;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
use epoll;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
keepalive_requests 256;
reset_timedout_connection on;
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_types text/plain text/xml text/css text/javascript application/x-javascript application/json application/xml application/xml+rss image/png image/gif image/jpeg image/jpg;
open_file_cache max=50000 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
client_max_body_size 512m;
server_tokens off;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
我正在 Linode 上的 Linux 虚拟机（Ubuntu 19）上部署我的网站。
我的部署在允许时工作：xx.xx.xx.xx:8000
为了允许 HTTP/TCP 流量，我做了：
sudo delete allow 8000
sudo allow http/tcp
当我运行时：
sudo service apache2 restart
我得到：
Job for apache2.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status apache2.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
所以如果我运行：
journalctl -xe
我得到：
Aug 28 18:52:06 django-server sudo[14724]: pam_unix(sudo:auth): authentication failure; logname=ucluser uid=1000 euid=0 tty=/dev/pts/2 ruser=ucluser rhost= user=ucluser
Aug 28 18:52:30 django-server sshd[14529]: Received disconnect from 109.175.190.135 port 50098:11: disconnected by user
Aug 28 18:52:30 django-server sshd[14529]: Disconnected from user ucluser 109.175.190.135 port 50098
Aug 28 18:56:49 django-server sshd[14705]: Received disconnect from 109.175.190.135 port 50197:11: disconnected by user
Aug 28 18:56:49 django-server sshd[14705]: Disconnected from user ucluser 109.175.190.135 port 50197
Aug 28 19:27:40 django-server sshd[17050]: Received disconnect from 109.175.190.135 port 50366:11: disconnected by user
Aug 28 19:27:40 django-server sshd[17050]: Disconnected from user ucluser 109.175.190.135 port 50366
我认为问题出在这里：
**Aug 28 18:52:06 django-server sudo[14724]: pam_unix(sudo:auth): authentication failure; logname=ucluser uid=1000 euid=0 tty=/dev/pts/2 ruser=ucluser rhost= user=ucluser**
但我不知道如何解决它
如果我运行：
apachectl stop
我得到：
apache2: Syntax error on line 225 of /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: Syntax error on line 50 of /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/django_project.conf: Expected </Directory> but saw </VirtualHost>
Action 'stop' failed.
问题：解决方案是卸载 virtualenv。
当我试图设置一个Django Project. 在manage.py：
ImportError("Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? `Did you "`
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
更新：我跑virtualenv cmd进来Pycharm Pro terminal
了：
You must provide a DEST_DIR
Usage: virtualenv [OPTIONS] DEST_DIR
安装并virtualenv安装。
我想在python中将一个复杂的字符串写入一个文件，但问题是我的文本本身也有一个命令、双引号和单引号，所以python不能写它并假设它也是一个命令。例如，我想将以下文本写入 file.txt：
(b'[{\n "SourceFile": "/home/parsezan/work/hamclaasy-backend/media/3da78f6d-73a0-41d0-bca6-9b237ba13cdd/4550af6d-ac08-4d22-a80c-681bd171d295.jpg",\n "ExifToolVersion": 10.80,\n "FileName": "4550af6d-ac08-4d22-a80c-681bd171d295.jpg",\n "Directory": "/home/parsezan/work/hamclaasy-backend/media/3da78f6d-73a0-41d0-bca6-9b237ba13cdd",\n "FileSize": "112 kB",\n "FileModifyDate": "2019:08:01 16:42:27+04:30",\n "FileAccessDate": "2019:08:01 16:42:27+04:30",\n "FileInodeChangeDate": "2019:08:01 16:42:27+04:30",\n "FilePermissions": "rw-r--r--",\n "FileType": "JPEG",\n "FileTypeExtension": "jpg",\n "MIMEType": "image/jpeg",\n "JFIFVersion": 1.01,\n "ExifByteOrder": "Big-endian (Motorola, MM)",\n "Make": "HUAWEI",\n "Model": "CHM-U01",\n "Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)",\n "XResolution": 72,\n "YResolution": 72,\n "ResolutionUnit": "inches",\n "Software": "CHM-U01 V100R001C185B120",\n "ModifyDate": "2019:07:07 11:33:18",\n "YCbCrPositioning": "Centered",\n "DocumentName": "",\n "ExposureTime": "1/30",\n "FNumber": 2.0,\n "ExposureProgram": "Program AE",\n "ISO": 260,\n "ExifVersion": "0210",\n "DateTimeOriginal": "2019:07:07 11:33:18",\n "CreateDate": "2019:07:07 11:33:18",\n "ComponentsConfiguration": "Y, Cb, Cr, -",\n "ShutterSpeedValue": "1/30",\n "ApertureValue": 2.0,\n "BrightnessValue": 0,\n "ExposureCompensation": 0,\n "MeteringMode": "Average",\n "LightSource": "Daylight",\n "Flash": "Auto, Did not fire",\n "FocalLength": "3.8 mm",\n "MakerNoteUnknownText": "M[64] [e0,1] [ad,f5]",\n "UserComment": "Hisilicon Balong",\n "SubSecTime": 506779,\n "SubSecTimeOriginal": 506779,\n "SubSecTimeDigitized": 506779,\n "FlashpixVersion": "0100",\n "ColorSpace": "sRGB",\n "ExifImageWidth": 4160,\n "ExifImageHeight": 3120,\n "InteropIndex": "R98 - DCF basic file (sRGB)",\n "InteropVersion": "0100",\n "SensingMethod": "One-chip color area",\n "FileSource": "Digital Camera",\n "SceneType": "Directly photographed",\n "CustomRendered": "Custom",\n "ExposureMode": "Auto",\n "WhiteBalance": "Auto",\n "DigitalZoomRatio": 1,\n "FocalLengthIn35mmFormat": "27 mm",\n "SceneCaptureType": "Standard",\n "GainControl": "None",\n "Contrast": "Normal",\n "Saturation": "Normal",\n "Sharpness": "Normal",\n "SubjectDistanceRange": "Unknown",\n "OffsetSchema": 60,\n "DeviceSettingDescription": "(Binary data 4 bytes, use -b option to extract)",\n "Compression": "JPEG (old-style)",\n "ThumbnailOffset": 1134,\n "ThumbnailLength": 6358,\n "ImageWidth": 800,\n "ImageHeight": 600,\n "EncodingProcess": "Baseline DCT, Huffman coding",\n "BitsPerSample": 8,\n "ColorComponents": 3,\n "YCbCrSubSampling": "YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)",\n "Aperture": 2.0,\n "ImageSize": "800x600",\n "Megapixels": 0.480,\n "ScaleFactor35efl": 7.1,\n "ShutterSpeed": "1/30",\n "SubSecCreateDate": "2019:07:07 11:33:18.506779",\n "SubSecDateTimeOriginal": "2019:07:07 11:33:18.506779",\n "SubSecModifyDate": "2019:07:07 11:33:18.506779",\n "ThumbnailImage": "(Binary data 6358 bytes, use -b option to extract)",\n "CircleOfConfusion": "0.004 mm",\n "FOV": "67.4 deg",\n "FocalLength35efl": "3.8 mm (35 mm equivalent: 27.0 mm)",\n "HyperfocalDistance": "1.70 m",\n "LightValue": 5.5\n}]\n', None)"
我尝试：
result = 'echo "{result}" >> file.txt'.format(result=str(raw_result))
subprocess.Popen(result,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
shell=True)
然后尝试将其更改为 dic：
result = 'echo "{result}" >> /home/parsezan/work/django.txt'.format(result=str({'result': str(raw_result)}))
subprocess.Popen(result,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
shell=True)
但没有人不工作。有什么想法吗？谢谢