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Accepted
Karl Morrison
Asked: 2017-08-03 05:46:51 +0800 CST

为 ssh 连接创建别名

  • 772

我想加快连接到特定服务器的速度。

我有服务器让我们说：

123.123.123.1
123.123.123.2
123.123.123.3

我通常连接以下内容：

ssh -p 12345 [email protected]

这很痛苦，因为服务器之间的唯一区别是 ip 的最后一个数字。

我尝试了以下代码：

alias ssht='{ ip=$(cat -); ssh -p 12345 my_user@"123.123.123.$ip"; }<<<'

但是我收到一个错误：

karl@karls-laptop ~/scripts $ ssht 1
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.

有没有办法让这个工作？

bash

5 个回答

  1. 使用预期的方式并将选项和别名写入~/.ssh/config：

    Host 1
  Port 12345
  User my_user
  HostName 123.123.123.1

Host 2
  Port 12345
  User my_user
  HostName 123.123.123.2

    等等...

    然后连接只是使用

    ssh 1
ssh 2
...
    • 61
  2. Best Answer

    这需要一个函数——简单而健壮，而alias在这种情况下，an 将是脆弱的。

    这样的事情应该做：

    function ssht () {
    [[ $1 =~ ^(1|2|3)$ ]] || { echo 'Not a valid last octet value !!' && return ;}
    ip=123.123.123.$1
    ssh my_user@"$ip" -p 12345
}

    该条件[[ $1 =~ ^(1|2|3)$ ]]确保您输入了 1、2、3 之一作为第一个参数（任何尾随参数都被忽略）。

    现在，您可以将所需的最后一个八位字节作为第一个参数：

    ssht 1
ssht 2
ssht 3

    把它放在你~/.bashrc的，让它在任何交互式会话中都可用。

    • 20

  3. 您可以在~/.ssh/config. 来自man ssh_config：

    PATTERNS
     A pattern consists of zero or more non-whitespace characters, ‘*’ (a
     wildcard that matches zero or more characters), or ‘?’ (a wildcard that
     matches exactly one character).  For example, to specify a set of
     declarations for any host in the “.co.uk” set of domains, the following
     pattern could be used:

           Host *.co.uk

     The following pattern would match any host in the 192.168.0.[0-9] network
     range:

           Host 192.168.0.?

    结合：

    HostName
    Specifies the real host name to log into.  This can be used to
    specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts.  If the hostname
    contains the character sequence ‘%h’, then this will be replaced
    with the host name specified on the command line (this is useful
    for manipulating unqualified names).  The character sequence ‘%%’
    will be replaced by a single ‘%’ character, which may be used
    when specifying IPv6 link-local addresses.

    所以，在你的~/.ssh/config，放：

    Host ?
    Hostname 123.123.123.%h
    Port 12345
    User my_user

    然后：

    $ ssh -v 1
OpenSSH_7.4p1, LibreSSL 2.5.0
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/muru/.ssh/config
debug1: /home/muru/.ssh/config line 41: Applying options for ?
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Connecting to 123.123.123.1 [123.123.123.1] port 12345.
debug1: connect to address 123.123.123.1 port 12345: Connection refused
ssh: connect to host 123.123.123.1 port 12345: Connection refused
    • 17

  4. 改用函数：

    function ssht(){
 ssh -p 12345 [email protected].$1
}

    $ ssht 1
$ ssht 2
$ ...

    更好的解决方案是使用 sshconfig文件：

    touch ~/.ssh/config

    有一些类似于：

    Host some-name
    HostName 123.123.123.1
    User your_user
    Port 22

    您还可以使用 ssh 密钥来提高速度，最后只运行：

    ssh some-name

    并且您已连接到该服务器。

    • 7

  5. 您甚至不需要使用 ssht 之类的名称。以数字开头的名称，即使只有数字也是 ssh 配置文件中的有效主机名。

    以下作品适用于 Xubuntu Xenial

    我的一部分 ~/.ssh/config

    Host 1
        Hostname bastion.example.me
        User said
        Port 22
        IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
        ForwardAgent yes

    我运行的命令（下面我默认添加-vv了详细日志记录到STDOUT您的屏幕）

    ssh -vv 1

    输出

    OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2, OpenSSL 1.0.2g  1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/said/.ssh/config
debug1: /home/said/.ssh/config line 24: Applying options for 1
debug1: /home/said/.ssh/config line 540: Applying options for *
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "bastion.example.me" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to bastion.example.me [XXX.YYY.120.51] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/said/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/said/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to bastion.example.me:22 as 'said'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:44tChrTUMwuRcOi6laiYlf6VM3qAD+PEn9EdNMribFw
debug1: Host 'bastion.example.me' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/said/.ssh/known_hosts:69
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: key: /home/said/.ssh/id_rsa (0x562c764294f0), explicit, agent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/said/.ssh/id_rsa
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp SHA256:KQNLYiJICyNbKmIxVVgc67RF+qRKjNi3w+0iXz/YDyk
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to bastion.example.me ([XXX.YYY.120.51]:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug2: channel 0: send open
debug1: Requesting [email protected]
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: network
debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0
debug2: callback start
debug1: Requesting authentication agent forwarding.
debug2: channel 0: request [email protected] confirm 0
debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY
debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0
debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1
debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1
debug2: callback done
debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0
debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0
debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0
debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.8.0-42-lowlatency x86_64)
<TRUNCATED CUSTOM MOTD>
$

    更新 - 下面是一个骇人听闻的替代解决方案，仅用于 bashist 练习，也许是快速和肮脏的东西：

    alias ssht='f(){ ssh -p 22 [email protected].$@;unset -f f;}&&f'

    它能做什么

    • 创建临时函数
    • 将所有参数传递给它
    • 进行 SSH 连接
    • 会话结束后，取消设置功能，使其不会徘徊
    • 它可以接受额外的参数，这意味着您可以链接额外的 ssh 选项，如隧道 ( -L, -R, -D)、详细模式 ( -vv)、no-TTY ( -T) 等。

    例如，我想启动一个没有终端的 socks 代理

    $ ssht 2 -vv -D 1080 -T
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2, OpenSSL 1.0.2g  1 Mar 2016
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/said/.ssh/config
debug1: /home/said/.ssh/config line 540: Applying options for *
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "192.168.0.2" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.2 [192.168.0.2] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
<TRUNCATED>
Welcome to Linux Mint 18.1 Serena (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-81-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://www.linuxmint.com

98 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

    如您所见，没有命令提示符，它使用-vv, -T,-D 1080参数执行。

    我也可以在我的机器上验证隧道（基本上是 SOCKS5 代理）

    $ ss -ltnp | grep 1080
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:1080                     *:*                   users:(("ssh",pid=17038,fd=6))
    • 3

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