如何仅查找具有不同名称的重复文件？

如果脚本打印具有相同和不同文件名的所有重复文件，您可以使用以下命令行：

find . -type f -exec sha256sum {} \; | sort | uniq -w64 --all-repeated=separate | cut -b 67-

对于示例运行，我使用以下目录结构。具有相似名称（和不同编号）的文件具有相同的内容：

.
├── dir1
│   ├── uname1
│   └── uname3
├── grps
├── lsbrelease
├── lsbrelease2
├── uname1
└── uname2

现在让我们看看我们的命令做一些魔术：

$ find . -type f -exec sha256sum {} \; | sort | uniq -w64 --all-repeated=separate | cut -b 67-
./lsbrelease
./lsbrelease2

./dir1/uname1
./dir1/uname3
./uname1
./uname2

由新行分隔的每个组由具有相同内容的文件组成。非重复文件未列出。

我为您提供了另一个更灵活、更易于使用的解决方案！

复制下面的脚本并将其粘贴到/usr/local/bin/dupe-check（或任何其他位置和文件名，您需要此脚本的 root 权限）。
通过运行以下命令使其可执行：

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/dupe-check

就像/usr/local/bin在每个用户的 PATH 中一样，现在每个人都可以直接运行它而无需指定位置。

首先，您应该查看我的脚本的帮助页面：

$ dupe-check --help
usage: dupe-check [-h] [-s COMMAND] [-r MAXDEPTH] [-e | -d] [-0]
                  [-v | -q | -Q] [-g] [-p] [-V]
                  [directory]

Check for duplicate files

positional arguments:
  directory             the directory to examine recursively (default '.')

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -s COMMAND, --hashsum COMMAND
                        external system command to generate hashes (default
                        'sha256sum')
  -r MAXDEPTH, --recursion-depth MAXDEPTH
                        the number of subdirectory levels to process: 0=only
                        current directory, 1=max. 1st subdirectory level, ...
                        (default: infinite)
  -e, --equal-names     only list duplicates with equal file names
  -d, --different-names
                        only list duplicates with different file names
  -0, --no-zero         do not list 0-byte files
  -v, --verbose         print hash and name of each examined file
  -q, --quiet           suppress status output on stderr
  -Q, --list-only       only list the duplicate files, no summary etc.
  -g, --no-groups       do not group equal duplicates
  -p, --path-only       only print the full path in the results list,
                        otherwise format output like this: `'FILENAME'
                        (FULL_PATH)´
  -V, --version         show program's version number and exit

您会看到，要获取当前目录（和所有子目录）中具有不同文件名的所有文件的列表，您需要-d标志和格式选项的任何有效组合。

我们仍然假设相同的测试环境。具有相似名称（和不同编号）的文件具有相同的内容：

.
├── dir1
│   ├── uname1
│   └── uname3
├── grps
├── lsbrelease
├── lsbrelease2
├── uname1
└── uname2

所以我们简单地运行：

$ dupe-check
Checked 7 files in total, 6 of them are duplicates by content.
Here's a list of all duplicate files:

'lsbrelease' (./lsbrelease)
'lsbrelease2' (./lsbrelease2)

'uname1' (./dir1/uname1)
'uname1' (./uname1)
'uname2' (./uname2)
'uname3' (./dir1/uname3)

这是脚本：

#! /usr/bin/env python3

VERSION_MAJOR, VERSION_MINOR, VERSION_MICRO = 0, 4, 1
RELEASE_DATE, AUTHOR = "2016-02-11", "ByteCommander"

import sys
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import argparse


class Printer:
    def __init__(self, normal=sys.stdout, stat=sys.stderr):
        self.__normal = normal
        self.__stat = stat
        self.__prev_msg = ""
        self.__first = True
        self.__max_width = shutil.get_terminal_size().columns
    def __call__(self, msg, stat=False):
        if not stat:
            if not self.__first:
                print("\r" + " " * len(self.__prev_msg) + "\r", 
                      end="", file=self.__stat)
            print(msg, file=self.__normal)
            print(self.__prev_msg, end="", flush=True, file=self.__stat)
        else:
            if len(msg) > self.__max_width:
                msg = msg[:self.__max_width-3] + "..."
            if not msg:
                print("\r" + " " * len(self.__prev_msg) + "\r", 
                      end="", flush=True, file=self.__stat)
            elif self.__first:
                print(msg, end="", flush=True, file=self.__stat)
                self.__first = False
            else:
                print("\r" + " " * len(self.__prev_msg) + "\r", 
                      end="", file=self.__stat)
                print("\r" + msg, end="", flush=True, file=self.__stat)
            self.__prev_msg = msg


def file_walker(top, maxdepth=None):
    dirs, files = [], []
    for name in os.listdir(top):
        (dirs if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(top, name)) else files).append(name)
    yield top, files
    if maxdepth != 0:
        for name in dirs:
            for x in file_walker(os.path.join(top, name), maxdepth-1):
                yield x


printx = Printer()
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Check for duplicate files")
argparser.add_argument("directory", action="store", default=".", nargs="?",
                       help="the directory to examine recursively "
                            "(default '%(default)s')")
argparser.add_argument("-s", "--hashsum", action="store", default="sha256sum",
                       metavar="COMMAND", help="external system command to "
                       "generate hashes (default '%(default)s')")
argparser.add_argument("-r", "--recursion-depth", action="store", type=int,
                       default=-1, metavar="MAXDEPTH", 
                       help="the number of subdirectory levels to process: "
                       "0=only current directory, 1=max. 1st subdirectory "
                       "level, ... (default: infinite)")
arggroupn = argparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
arggroupn.add_argument("-e", "--equal-names", action="store_const", 
                       const="e", dest="name_filter",
                       help="only list duplicates with equal file names")
arggroupn.add_argument("-d", "--different-names", action="store_const",
                       const="d", dest="name_filter",
                       help="only list duplicates with different file names")
argparser.add_argument("-0", "--no-zero", action="store_true", default=False,
                       help="do not list 0-byte files")
arggroupo = argparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
arggroupo.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_const", const=0, 
                       dest="output_level",
                       help="print hash and name of each examined file")
arggroupo.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_const", const=2, 
                       dest="output_level",
                       help="suppress status output on stderr")
arggroupo.add_argument("-Q", "--list-only", action="store_const", const=3, 
                       dest="output_level",
                       help="only list the duplicate files, no summary etc.")
argparser.add_argument("-g", "--no-groups", action="store_true", default=False,
                       help="do not group equal duplicates")
argparser.add_argument("-p", "--path-only", action="store_true", default=False,
                       help="only print the full path in the results list, "
                            "otherwise format output like this: "
                            "`'FILENAME' (FULL_PATH)´")
argparser.add_argument("-V", "--version", action="version", 
                       version="%(prog)s {}.{}.{} ({} by {})".format(
                       VERSION_MAJOR, VERSION_MINOR, VERSION_MICRO, 
                       RELEASE_DATE, AUTHOR))
argparser.set_defaults(name_filter="a", output_level=1)
args = argparser.parse_args()

hashes = {}
dupe_counter = 0
file_counter = 0
try:
    for root, filenames in file_walker(args.directory, args.recursion_depth):
        if args.output_level <= 1:
            printx("--> {} files ({} duplicates) processed - '{}'".format(
                    file_counter, dupe_counter, root), stat=True)
        for filename in filenames:
            path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            file_counter += 1
            filehash = subprocess.check_output(
                       [args.hashsum, path], universal_newlines=True).split()[0]
            if args.output_level == 0:
                printx(" ".join((filehash, path)))
            if filehash in hashes:
                dupe_counter += 1 if len(hashes[filehash]) > 1 else 2
                hashes[filehash].append((filename, path))
                if args.output_level <= 1:
                    printx("--> {} files ({} duplicates) processed - '{}'"
                           .format(file_counter, dupe_counter, root), stat=True)
            else:
                hashes[filehash] = [(filename, path)]
except FileNotFoundError:
    printx("ERROR: Directory not found!")
    exit(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    printx("USER ABORTED SEARCH!")
    printx("Results so far:")

if args.output_level <= 1:
    printx("", stat=True)
    if args.output_level == 0:
        printx("")
if args.output_level <= 2:
    printx("Checked {} files in total, {} of them are duplicates by content."
            .format(file_counter, dupe_counter))

if dupe_counter == 0:
    exit(0)
elif args.output_level <= 2:
    printx("Here's a list of all duplicate{} files{}:".format(
            " non-zero-byte" if args.no_zero else "",
            " with different names" if args.name_filter == "d" else
            " with equal names" if args.name_filter == "e" else ""))

first_group = True
for filehash in hashes:
    if len(hashes[filehash]) > 1:
        if args.no_zero and os.path.getsize(hashes[filehash][0][0]) == 0:
            continue
        first_group = False
        if args.name_filter == "a":
            filtered = hashes[filehash]
        else:
            filenames = {}
            for filename, path in hashes[filehash]:
                if filename in filenames:
                    filenames[filename].append(path)
                else:
                    filenames[filename] = [path]
            filtered = [(filename, path) 
                    for filename in filenames if (
                    args.name_filter == "e" and len(filenames[filename]) > 1 or
                    args.name_filter == "d" and len(filenames[filename]) == 1)
                    for path in filenames[filename]]
        if len(filtered) == 0:
            continue
        if (not args.no_groups) and (args.output_level <= 2 or not first_group):
            printx("")
        for filename, path in sorted(filtered):
            if args.path_only:
                printx(path)
            else:
                printx("'{}' ({})".format(filename, path))

Byte Commander 出色的脚本有效，但没有给我所需的行为（列出所有重复文件，其中至少包含一个不同名称的文件）。我进行了以下更改，现在它非常适合我的目的（并且为我节省了大量时间）！我将第 160 行更改为：

args.name_filter == "d" and len(filenames[filename]) >= 1 and len(filenames[filename]) != len(hashes[filehash]))