如何从命令行仅安装安全更新？关于如何管理更新的一些提示

Question

cmcginty

Asked: 2010-08-02 11:46:45 +0800 CST2010-08-02 11:46:45 +0800 CST 2010-08-02 11:46:45 +0800 CST

如何从命令行重置 USB 设备？

772

是否可以在不物理断开/连接 PC 的情况下重置 USB 设备的连接？

具体来说，我的设备是数码相机。我正在使用gphoto2，但最近我收到“设备读取错误”，所以我想尝试对连接进行软件重置。

据我所知，没有为相机加载内核模块。唯一看起来相关的是usbhid.

18 个回答

Voted

Li Lo · Answer 1 · 2010-08-02T18:27:03+08:00

将以下内容另存为usbreset.c

/* usbreset -- send a USB port reset to a USB device */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <linux/usbdevice_fs.h>


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename;
    int fd;
    int rc;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: usbreset device-filename\n");
        return 1;
    }
    filename = argv[1];

    fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("Error opening output file");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Resetting USB device %s\n", filename);
    rc = ioctl(fd, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0);
    if (rc < 0) {
        perror("Error in ioctl");
        return 1;
    }
    printf("Reset successful\n");

    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

在终端中运行以下命令：

编译程序：
```
$ cc usbreset.c -o usbreset
```

获取要重置的 USB 设备的总线和设备 ID：

$ lsusb  
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0fe9:9010 DVICO

使我们编译的程序可执行：
```
$ chmod +x usbreset
```
以 sudo 权限执行程序；通过运行以下命令对找到的<Bus>和id进行必要的替换：<Device>lsusb
```
$ sudo ./usbreset /dev/bus/usb/002/003  
```

上述程序来源：http ://marc.info/?l=linux-usb&m=121459435621262&w=2

ssokolow · Answer 2 · 2011-09-13T22:56:24+08:00

ssokolow

2011-09-13T22:56:24+08:002011-09-13T22:56:24+08:00

我以前没有在你的具体情况下发现自己，所以我不确定它是否足够，但我发现重置 USB 设备的最简单方法是这个命令：（不需要外部应用程序）

sudo sh -c "echo 0 > /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-4.6/authorized"
sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-4.6/authorized"

那是我用来重置我的 Kinect 的实际方法，因为 libfreenect 似乎没有让它重新进入睡眠状态的 API。它在我的 Gentoo 机器上，但内核应该足够新，可以为 sysfs 使用相同的路径结构。

您的显然不会，1-4.6但您可以从内核日志 ( dmesg) 中提取该设备路径，或者您可以使用诸如lsusb获取供应商和产品 ID 之类的东西，然后使用这样的快速命令来列出路径与不同供应商的关系/产品 ID 对：

for X in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*; do 
    echo "$X"
    cat "$X/idVendor" 2>/dev/null 
    cat "$X/idProduct" 2>/dev/null
    echo
done

93

Tamás Tapsonyi · Answer 3 · 2013-05-05T03:02:04+08:00

Tamás Tapsonyi

2013-05-05T03:02:04+08:002013-05-05T03:02:04+08:00

这将重置所有 USB1/2/3 连接的端口[1]：

for i in /sys/bus/pci/drivers/[uoex]hci_hcd/*:*; do
  [ -e "$i" ] || continue
  echo "${i##*/}" > "${i%/*}/unbind"
  echo "${i##*/}" > "${i%/*}/bind"
done

我相信这会解决你的问题。如果您不想重置所有 USB 端点，您可以使用适当的设备 ID 从/sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd

注： [1]：*hci_hcd内核驱动程序通常控制 USB 端口。ohci_hcd和uhci_hcd用于 USB1.1 端口，ehci_hcd用于 USB2 端口和xhci_hcd用于 USB3 端口。（参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_controller_interface_(USB,_Firewire)）

78

mcarans · Answer 4 · 2017-12-22T02:15:26+08:00

我创建了一个 Python 脚本，可根据此处的答案简化整个过程。

将下面的脚本另存为 reset_usb.py 或克隆此 repo。

用法：

python reset_usb.py help  # Show this help
sudo python reset_usb.py list  # List all USB devices
sudo python reset_usb.py path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY  # Reset USB device using path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY
sudo python reset_usb.py search "search terms"  # Search for USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by list and reset matching device
sudo python reset_usb.py listpci  # List all PCI USB devices
sudo python reset_usb.py pathpci /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X  # Reset PCI USB device using path /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X
sudo python reset_usb.py searchpci "search terms"  # Search for PCI USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by listpci and reset matching device

脚本：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import fcntl

instructions = '''
Usage: python reset_usb.py help : Show this help
       sudo python reset_usb.py list : List all USB devices
       sudo python reset_usb.py path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY : Reset USB device using path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY
       sudo python reset_usb.py search "search terms" : Search for USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by list and reset matching device
       sudo python reset_usb.py listpci : List all PCI USB devices
       sudo python reset_usb.py pathpci /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X : Reset PCI USB device using path
       sudo python reset_usb.py searchpci "search terms" : Search for PCI USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by listpci and reset matching device       
       '''


if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    print(instructions)
    sys.exit(0)

option = sys.argv[1].lower()
if 'help' in option:
    print(instructions)
    sys.exit(0)


def create_pci_list():
    pci_usb_list = list()
    try:
        lspci_out = Popen('lspci -Dvmm', shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().decode('utf-8')
        pci_devices = lspci_out.split('%s%s' % (os.linesep, os.linesep))
        for pci_device in pci_devices:
            device_dict = dict()
            categories = pci_device.split(os.linesep)
            for category in categories:
                key, value = category.split('\t')
                device_dict[key[:-1]] = value.strip()
            if 'USB' not in device_dict['Class']:
                continue
            for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/sys/bus/pci/drivers/'):
                slot = device_dict['Slot']
                if slot in dirs:
                    device_dict['path'] = os.path.join(root, slot)
                    break
            pci_usb_list.append(device_dict)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to list pci devices! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)
    return pci_usb_list


def create_usb_list():
    device_list = list()
    try:
        lsusb_out = Popen('lsusb -v', shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().decode('utf-8')
        usb_devices = lsusb_out.split('%s%s' % (os.linesep, os.linesep))
        for device_categories in usb_devices:
            if not device_categories:
                continue
            categories = device_categories.split(os.linesep)
            device_stuff = categories[0].strip().split()
            bus = device_stuff[1]
            device = device_stuff[3][:-1]
            device_dict = {'bus': bus, 'device': device}
            device_info = ' '.join(device_stuff[6:])
            device_dict['description'] = device_info
            for category in categories:
                if not category:
                    continue
                categoryinfo = category.strip().split()
                if categoryinfo[0] == 'iManufacturer':
                    manufacturer_info = ' '.join(categoryinfo[2:])
                    device_dict['manufacturer'] = manufacturer_info
                if categoryinfo[0] == 'iProduct':
                    device_info = ' '.join(categoryinfo[2:])
                    device_dict['device'] = device_info
            path = '/dev/bus/usb/%s/%s' % (bus, device)
            device_dict['path'] = path

            device_list.append(device_dict)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to list usb devices! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)
    return device_list


if 'listpci' in option:
    pci_usb_list = create_pci_list()
    for device in pci_usb_list:
        print('path=%s' % device['path'])
        print('    manufacturer=%s' % device['SVendor'])
        print('    device=%s' % device['SDevice'])
        print('    search string=%s %s' % (device['SVendor'], device['SDevice']))
    sys.exit(0)

if 'list' in option:
    usb_list = create_usb_list()
    for device in usb_list:
        print('path=%s' % device['path'])
        print('    description=%s' % device['description'])
        print('    manufacturer=%s' % device['manufacturer'])
        print('    device=%s' % device['device'])
        print('    search string=%s %s %s' % (device['description'], device['manufacturer'], device['device']))
    sys.exit(0)

if len(sys.argv) < 3:
    print(instructions)
    sys.exit(0)

option2 = sys.argv[2]

print('Resetting device: %s' % option2)


# echo -n "0000:39:00.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/unbind;echo -n "0000:39:00.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/bind
def reset_pci_usb_device(dev_path):
    folder, slot = os.path.split(dev_path)
    try:
        fp = open(os.path.join(folder, 'unbind'), 'wt')
        fp.write(slot)
        fp.close()
        fp = open(os.path.join(folder, 'bind'), 'wt')
        fp.write(slot)
        fp.close()
        print('Successfully reset %s' % dev_path)
        sys.exit(0)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to reset device! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)


if 'pathpci' in option:
    reset_pci_usb_device(option2)


if 'searchpci' in option:
    pci_usb_list = create_pci_list()
    for device in pci_usb_list:
        text = '%s %s' % (device['SVendor'], device['SDevice'])
        if option2 in text:
            reset_pci_usb_device(device['path'])
    print('Failed to find device!')
    sys.exit(-1)


def reset_usb_device(dev_path):
    USBDEVFS_RESET = 21780
    try:
        f = open(dev_path, 'w', os.O_WRONLY)
        fcntl.ioctl(f, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0)
        print('Successfully reset %s' % dev_path)
        sys.exit(0)
    except Exception as ex:
        print('Failed to reset device! Error: %s' % ex)
        sys.exit(-1)


if 'path' in option:
    reset_usb_device(option2)


if 'search' in option:
    usb_list = create_usb_list()
    for device in usb_list:
        text = '%s %s %s' % (device['description'], device['manufacturer'], device['device'])
        if option2 in text:
            reset_usb_device(device['path'])
    print('Failed to find device!')
    sys.exit(-1)

Peter · Answer 5 · 2015-03-03T12:38:44+08:00

我需要在 python 脚本中自动执行此操作，因此我将 LiLo 的非常有用的答案改编为以下内容：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import fcntl
driver = sys.argv[-1]
print "resetting driver:", driver
USBDEVFS_RESET= 21780

try:
    lsusb_out = Popen("lsusb | grep -i %s"%driver, shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().split()
    bus = lsusb_out[1]
    device = lsusb_out[3][:-1]
    f = open("/dev/bus/usb/%s/%s"%(bus, device), 'w', os.O_WRONLY)
    fcntl.ioctl(f, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0)
except Exception, msg:
    print "failed to reset device:", msg

就我而言，它是 cp210x 驱动程序（我可以从中看出lsmod | grep usbserial），因此您可以将上面的代码段保存为 reset_usb.py，然后执行以下操作：

sudo python reset_usb.py cp210x

如果您的系统上还没有 ac 编译器设置，这也可能会有所帮助，但您确实有 python。

panticz · Answer 6 · 2021-08-02T12:03:20+08:00

panticz

2021-08-02T12:03:20+08:002021-08-02T12:03:20+08:00

Since the APT package usbutils provides the usbreset binary you can just reset the USB device by:

usbreset ${USB_ID}

e.g.
usbreset 0d8c:0102

6

Ulrich-Lorenz Schlüter · Answer 7 · 2016-01-10T02:18:26+08:00

Ulrich-Lorenz Schlüter

2016-01-10T02:18:26+08:002016-01-10T02:18:26+08:00

我通过重新加载模块来使用一种大锤。这是我的 usb_reset.sh 脚本：

#!/bin/bash

# USB drivers
rmmod xhci_pci
rmmod ehci_pci

# uncomment if you have firewire
#rmmod ohci_pci

modprobe xhci_pci
modprobe ehci_pci

# uncomment if you have firewire
#modprobe ohci_pci

这是我的系统服务文件 /usr/lib/systemd/system/usbreset.service 在我的显示管理器启动后运行 usb_reset.sh ：

[Unit]
Description=usbreset Service
After=gdm.service
Wants=gdm.service

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/path/to/usb_reset.sh

6

chandank · Answer 8 · 2014-11-25T11:34:38+08:00

chandank

2014-11-25T11:34:38+08:002014-11-25T11:34:38+08:00

最快的重置方法是重置 USB 控制器本身。这样做将强制 udev 在断开连接时取消注册设备，并在启用后重新注册。

echo -n "0000:00:1a.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/unbind
echo -n "0000:00:1d.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/unbind
echo -n "0000:00:1a.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/bind
echo -n "0000:00:1d.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/bind

这应该适用于大多数 PC 环境。但是，如果您使用一些自定义硬件，您可以简单地遍历设备名称。使用此方法，您无需通过 lsusb 查找设备名称。您也可以合并到自动化脚本中。

6

mviereck · Answer 9 · 2016-09-01T05:19:31+08:00

mviereck

2016-09-01T05:19:31+08:002016-09-01T05:19:31+08:00

由于问题的特殊情况是 gphoto2 与 USB 上的相机的通信问题，因此 gphoto2 中有一个选项可以重置其 USB 连接：

gphoto2 --reset

也许这个选项在 2010 年问这个问题时不存在。

5

Raghu · Answer 10 · 2016-09-08T03:42:05+08:00

我制作了一个 python 脚本，它将根据设备号重置特定的 USB 设备。您可以通过命令 lsusb 找到设备号。

例如：

$ lsusb

Bus 002 Device 004: ID 046d:c312 Logitech, Inc. DeLuxe 250 Keyboard

在这个字符串中 004 是设备号

import os
import argparse
import subprocess

path='/sys/bus/usb/devices/'

def runbash(cmd):
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    out = p.stdout.read().strip()
    return out

def reset_device(dev_num):
    sub_dirs = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
            for name in dirs:
                    sub_dirs.append(os.path.join(root, name))

    dev_found = 0
    for sub_dir in sub_dirs:
            if True == os.path.isfile(sub_dir+'/devnum'):
                    fd = open(sub_dir+'/devnum','r')
                    line = fd.readline()
                    if int(dev_num) == int(line):
                            print ('Your device is at: '+sub_dir)
                            dev_found = 1
                            break

                    fd.close()

    if dev_found == 1:
            reset_file = sub_dir+'/authorized'
            runbash('echo 0 > '+reset_file) 
            runbash('echo 1 > '+reset_file) 
            print ('Device reset successful')

    else:
            print ("No such device")

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('-d', '--devnum', dest='devnum')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.devnum is None:
            print('Usage:usb_reset.py -d <device_number> \nThe device    number can be obtained from lsusb command result')
            return

    reset_device(args.devnum)

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

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18 个回答

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