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nik90
Asked: 2011-04-17 08:08:01 +0800 CST

有哪些自定义启动器和 Unity 快速列表可用？

  • 772

请注意，目前，以下包含的大部分信息已过时，无法更新。请注意，其中大部分内容不适用于 Ubuntu 12.04 及更高版本。

为 Unity 创建自定义启动器很简单。快速列表提供了一种简单有效的方式来快速访问特定应用程序的常用任务。

注意：从 Ubuntu 11.10 开始，此弹出选项已消失。现在只能通过编辑主文件夹中的文本文件来创建启动器。

创建自定义启动器很容易。

  1. 右键单击您的桌面，然后单击创建启动器。
  2. 使用文本编辑器编辑 .desktop 文件。（更多信息可以在这里和这里找到。）

那么，您在 Unity 上使用哪些自定义启动器？

注意：请将每个答案限制为一个自定义启动器。另外，请提供它的屏幕截图。

unity

30 个回答

  1. 主页图标快捷列表

    主页图标快捷列表

    1. 将“主文件夹”启动器文件复制到您的主目录：

      mkdir ~/.local/share/applications
cp /usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

    2. 在 gedit 中打开文件进行编辑：

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop

    3. 从文件中删除以下行：

      OnlyShowIn=GNOME;

    4. 将此文本添加到文件底部，然后关闭并保存：

      X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Videos;Documents;Music;Pictures;Downloads
[Videos Shortcut Group]
Name=Videos
Exec=nautilus Videos
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Documents Shortcut Group]
Name=Documents
Exec=nautilus Documents
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Music Shortcut Group]
Name=Music
Exec=nautilus Music
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Pictures Shortcut Group]
Name=Pictures
Exec=nautilus Pictures
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Downloads Shortcut Group]
Name=Downloads
Exec=nautilus Downloads
TargetEnvironment=Unity

    5. 注销并再次登录以查看更改。

    资源

    • 68

  2. SSH 启动器

    快速访问您最喜欢的 SSH 服务器列表。

    SSH 快速列表

    1. 使用 gedit 在终端类型中创建一个新文件：

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/ssh-launcher.desktop

    2. 将此文本复制并粘贴到上述文件中：

      [桌面入口]
版本=1.0
名称=远程服务器
评论=登录我的服务器
Exec=gnome-terminal --disable-factory --sm-client-disable --class=remoteserver -x ssh -t minibox.local
终端=假
X-MultipleArgs=false
类型=应用
图标=实用程序终端
启动通知=真
StartupWMClass=远程服务器
X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Server1；

[Server1 快捷方式组]
Name=SSH 进入 minibox.local
Exec=gnome-terminal --disable-factory --sm-client-disable --class=remoteserver -x ssh -t minibox.local
目标环境=统一

Comment=您可以创建更多这些。只需将“Server2”、“Server3”等添加到 X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts，然后将域名（在本例中为“minibox.local”）更改为您的服务器名称。您还会注意到默认操作（当您只需单击启动器中的图标时）是通过 SSH 连接到 minibox.local - 您需要将其更改为您最常用的服务器。

    3. 通过导航到 Nautilus 中的 ~/.local/share/applications/拖放到启动器上。

    来源 1 ,来源 2

    • 49

  3. Ubuntu Software Center Quicklist

    Quickly add PPAs through the software-properties UI and update sources as well.

    软件管理器快速列表

    1. Copy the original .desktop file to your home folder using Terminal:

      cp /usr/share/applications/ubuntu-software-center.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

    2. Open the file for editing with gedit:

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/ubuntu-software-center.desktop

    3. Add the following at the bottom of the file. This should be entered after the line X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=software-center

    .

    X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=SoftwareUpdates;SoftwareProperties;Synaptic;

[SoftwareUpdates Shortcut Group]  
Name=Update Manager  
Exec=update-manager -c  
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[SoftwareProperties Shortcut Group]  
Name=Add/Edit PPAs  
Exec=gksu software-properties-gtk %u  
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Synaptic Shortcut Group]  
Name=Synaptic Software Manager  
Exec=gksu synaptic %u  
OnlyShowIn=Unity
    • 47

  4. Home Icon Quicklist (auto-update from bookmarks)

    Here is a small shell script that updates your Home-Quicklist with all your bookmarks. No manual manipulation. It reads your bookmark file and creates the menu items from it. It also adds the "Root Filemanager" menu entry.

    运行中的快速列表的屏幕截图

    1. Copy the script listed below into an empty file and put it in your scripts-folder (we will assume that is ~/bin/ and the script name you choose is unityhome.bash).

    2. Run the script once to add the entries:

      bash ~/bin/unityhome.bash

    3. Optionally you may have cron run the script for you every once in a while. To add it to cron, type the follwing command into a shell:

      crontab -e

      An editor will open. There add a line like:

      @reboot /bin/bash/ $HOME/bin/unityhome.bash > /dev/null 2>&1

      If you don't do this step, you'll have to run the script by hand every time you change your nautilus bookmarks if you want the quicklist updated.

    4. Changes only take effect on your next login or after you Alt+F2 

      unity --replace

      So do that. Note: Don't run unity --replace in a terminal. If you close that terminal, it will kill unity with it.

    5. Enjoy and have a look at the similar script for gnome-terminal that parses your ssh bookmarks (in ~/.ssh/config).

    Script:

    Here is the script:

    #!/bin/bash
# tabsize: 4, encoding: utf8
#
# © 2011 [email protected]. Use permitted under MIT license:
#     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
# 
# CONTRIBUTORS: Chris Druif <[email protected]>
#               Scott Severance <http://www.scottseverance.us/>
#               jacopoL <[email protected]>
# 
# This script updates the unity quicklist menu for nautilus to contain the user
# bookmarks. The updates will have efect after unity is restarted (either on
# the next login or by invoking 'unity --replace').

# location of template and unity bar launchers
nautempl="/usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop"
target="$HOME/.local/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop"
bookmarks="$HOME/.gtk-bookmarks"

# backup if file already exists
if [ -e "$target" ]; then
    echo "Creating backup of: $target."
    mv -n "$target" "$target.bak"
fi

# copy template
cp "$nautempl" "$target"

if ! grep -q 'OnlyShowIn=.*Unity' "$target"; then # add only if not already present
    sed -i "s/\(OnlyShowIn=.*\)/\1Unity;/" "$target"
fi

# due to a bug in Unity (Ubuntu 11.10+) we will have to completely remove the OnlyShowIn line:
# https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/842257/comments/6
sed -i '/^OnlyShowIn=/d' "$target"

if ! grep -q 'X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=' "$target"; then # add only if not already present
    echo -e "\nX-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=\n" >> "$target"
else
    echo >> "$target"
fi
bmcount=0
while read bmline; do
    bmcount=$(($bmcount+1))     # number of current bookmark
    bmname=${bmline#*\ }        # name of the bookmark
    bmpath=${bmline%%\ *}       # path the bookmark leads to
    # deal with bookmarks that have no name
    if [ "$bmname" = "$bmpath" ]; then
        bmname=${bmpath##*/}
    fi
    # fix spaces in names and paths
    bmname="$(echo "$bmname" | sed 's/%20/ /g')"
    bmpath="$(echo "$bmpath" | sed 's/%20/ /g')"
    # fix accents in names and paths (for french users)
    bmname="$(echo "$bmname" | python -c 'import sys,urllib;sys.stdout.write(urllib.unquote(sys.stdin.read()))')"
    bmpath="$(echo "$bmpath" | python -c 'import sys,urllib;sys.stdout.write(urllib.unquote(sys.stdin.read()))')"
    # extend shortcut list with current bookmark, prepending a ; if needed
    sed -i "s/\(X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=\(.*;$\|$\)\)/\1Scg${bmcount};/
            t
            s/\(X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=.*\)/\1;Scg${bmcount};/" "$target"
    # write bookmark information
    cat - >> "$target" <<EOF

[Scg$bmcount Shortcut Group]
Name=$bmname
Exec=nautilus "$bmpath"
TargetEnvironment=Unity
EOF
done < "$bookmarks"

# Add a root file manager entry
sed -i "s/\(X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=.*\)/\1RootFM;/" "$target"
cat - >> "$target" <<EOF

[RootFM Shortcut Group]
Name=Root
Exec=gksudo nautilus
TargetEnvironment=Unity
EOF

exit 0

    Improvement: Do not duplicate "Home folder" and "username"

    If you don't want to have two items targeting your Home folder ("Home Folder" at the bottom of the quicklist and the clickable username), you can replace the following code:

        # write bookmark information
    cat - >> "$target" <<EOF

[Scg$bmcount Shortcut Group]
Name=$bmname
Exec=nautilus "$bmpath"
TargetEnvironment=Unity
EOF
done < "$bookmarks"

    by the following code:

        # write bookmark information
    if [ "file://$HOME" != "$bmpath" ]; then
    cat - >> "$target" <<EOF

[Scg$bmcount Shortcut Group]
Name=$bmname
Exec=nautilus "$bmpath"
TargetEnvironment=Unity
EOF
    fi
done < "$bookmarks"
    • 42

  5. LibreOffice 快速列表

    这将为 LibreOffice Start Center 启动器创建一个快速列表。

    LibreOffice 快速列表

    1. 将原始 .desktop 文件复制到主目录中进行编辑：

      cp /usr/share/applications/libreoffice-startcenter.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

    2. 在 gedit 中打开：

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/libreoffice-startcenter.desktop

    3. 编辑 MimeType 行：

      找到以下行：

      MimeType=application/vnd.openofficeorg.extension;

      替换为：

      MimeType=application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template;application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global;application/vnd.stardivision.writer;application/msword;application/vnd.ms-word;application/x-doc;application/rtf;text/rtf;application/vnd.wordperfect;application/wordperfect;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template;application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.calc;application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template;application/vnd.stardivision.calc;application/vnd.stardivision.chart;application/msexcel;application/vnd.ms-excel;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template;application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroenabled.12;text/csv;application/x-dbf;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.draw;application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template;application/vnd.stardivision.draw;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template;application/vnd.sun.xml.impress;application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template;application/vnd.stardivision.impress;application/mspowerpoint;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroenabled.12;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula;application/vnd.sun.xml.math;application/vnd.stardivision.math;

    4. 突出显示并复制下面的文本，然后将其粘贴到 .desktop 文件的底部：

      X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Writer;Impress;Calc;Math;Draw

[Writer Shortcut Group]
Name=Writer
Exec=libreoffice -writer %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Impress Shortcut Group]
Name=Impress
Exec=libreoffice -impress %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Calc Shortcut Group]
Name=Calc
Exec=libreoffice -calc %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Math Shortcut Group]
Name=Math
Exec=libreoffice -math %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Draw Shortcut Group]
Name=Draw
Exec=libreoffice -draw %U
TargetEnvironment=Unity

      注意：对于 LibreOffice 3.4 和 3.4.1：在 Exec 中；libreoffice必须替换为 `libreoffice3.4'，但在 Oneiric 中似乎我们不需要添加版本号。我正在从 Oneiric 对其进行测试并保持默认运行良好，添加版本号会使快速列表无法使用

    5. 导航到 ~/.local/share/applications 并将 LibreOffice Start Center 桌面文件拖放到启动器上。

    可以对 LibreOffice Writer启动器进行类似的修改。

    资源

    • 38

  6. Terminal Quicklist

    终端img（更新）

    1. Copy original Terminal launcher into your home directory using Terminal:

      cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

    2. Open the file with gedit still using Terminal:

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop

    3. Find the following line from the file:

      OnlyShowIn=GNOME;

      Replace the above line with:

      OnlyShowIn=GNOME;Unity;

    4. Add this text to the bottom of the file then Save & Close it:

      X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow;NewTab;Top;Root;

[NewWindow Shortcut Group]
Name=New Window
Exec=gnome-terminal --window
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[NewTab Shortcut Group]
Name=New Tab
Exec=xdotool windowfocus gnome-terminal key ctrl+shift+t
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Root Shortcut Group]
Name=Root Terminal
Exec=gksudo gnome-terminal
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Top Shortcut Group]
Name=Top
Exec=gnome-terminal --command top
TargetEnvironment=Unity

    5. To enable the 'New Tab' option you need to install xdotool 安装 xdotool from Ubuntu Software Centre

    6. Close all Terminal windows, right-click on its launcher icon and untick 'Keep In Launcher'

    7. Open Dash, run Terminal and the new launcher with quicklist will appear.

    • 32

  7. 火狐快速列表

    向启动器添加方便的 Firefox 选项。

    在此处输入图像描述

    1. 将原始 .desktop 文件复制到主目录中进行编辑：

      cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

    2. 在 gedit 中打开：

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/firefox.desktop

    3. 查找并编辑以下行：

      X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow;

      匹配这一行：

      X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow;SafeMode;ProfileManager;

    4. 将此文本添加到 .desktop 的底部，然后保存文件：

      [SafeMode Shortcut Group]
Name=Open Firefox in safe mode
Exec=firefox -safe-mode
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[ProfileManager Shortcut Group]
Name=Firefox Profile Manager
Exec=firefox -ProfileManager
TargetEnvironment=Unity
    • 32

  8. 谷歌服务启动器

    通用服务的自定义启动器，如 gmail、日历、撰写新消息。

    在此处输入图像描述

    1. 通过打开文本编辑器创建一个新文件并将以下文本粘贴到其中：

      [Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Google Services
Exec=xdg-open https://accounts.google.com/
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=chrome-https___docs.google.com_
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=docs.google.com

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Plus;Inbox;Compose;Voice;Contacts;Calendar;Documents;Photos;Maps;Sites;Reader;Bookmarks
Name[en_US]=Google Services (Gmail)
[Plus Shortcut Group]
Name=Plus
Exec=xdg-open 'https://plus.google.com/u/0/'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Inbox Shortcut Group]
Name=InBox
Exec=xdg-open 'https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?shva=1#inbox'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Compose Shortcut Group]
Name=Compose
Exec=xdg-open 'https://mail.google.com/mail/?shva=1#compose'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Voice Shortcut Group]
Name=Voice
Exec=xdg-open 'https://www.google.com/voice/b/0?pli=1#inbox'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Contacts Shortcut Group]
Name=Contacts
Exec=xdg-open 'https://www.google.com/contacts'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Calendar Shortcut Group]
Name=Calendar
Exec=xdg-open 'https://calendar.google.com'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Documents Shortcut Group]
Name=Documents
Exec=xdg-open https://docs.google.com/
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Photos Shortcut Group]
Name=Photos
Exec=xdg-open 'https://plus.google.com/u/0/photos'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Maps Shortcut Group]
Name=Maps
Exec=xdg-open 'http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=ml'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Sites Shortcut Group]
Name=Sites
Exec=xdg-open 'https://sites.google.com/?tab=m3&pli=1'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Reader Shortcut Group]
Name=Reader
Exec=xdg-open 'https://www.google.com/reader/view/?hl=en&tab=my'
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Bookmarks Shortcut Group]
Name=Bookmarks
Exec=xdg-open 'https://www.google.com/bookmarks/l'
TargetEnvironment=Unity

    2. 使用此文件夹位置和名称保存文件：

       ~/.local/share/applications/google-services-launcher.desktop

    3. 通过导航到文件管理器中，将此文件拖放到启动 器上~/.local/share/applications/。

    您可以在此处下载图标。

    资源

    • 31

  9. 女妖快速列表

    女妖快速列表

    1. 将 Banshee 启动器复制到您的主目录，在终端中粘贴以下内容：

      cp /usr/share/applications/banshee.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

    2. 打开这个新文件进行编辑：

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/banshee.desktop

    3. 突出显示并复制下面的文本，然后将其粘贴到文件底部。

      X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Play;Pause;Stop;Previous;Next;Preferences

[Play Shortcut Group]
Name=Play
Exec=banshee --play
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Pause Shortcut Group]
Name=Pause
Exec=banshee --pause
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Stop Shortcut Group]
Name=Stop
Exec=banshee --stop
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Previous Shortcut Group]
Name=Previous
Exec=banshee --previous
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Next Shortcut Group]
Name=Next
Exec=banshee --next
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Preferences Shortcut Group]
Name=Preferences
Exec=banshee --show-preferences
TargetEnviroment=Unity

    来源：1、2 _

    • 25

  10. Google 文档快速列表

    在此处输入图像描述

    1. 使用以下命令创建一个新文件：

      gedit ~/.local/share/applications/gdocs.desktop

    2. 粘贴下面的文字：

      [Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Google Docs
Exec=xdg-open https://docs.google.com/
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=chrome-https___docs.google.com_
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=docs.google.com

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Doc;Spreadsheet;Presentation;Drawing

[Doc Shortcut Group]
Name=New Document
Exec=xdg-open https://docs.google.com/?action=newdoc
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Spreadsheet Shortcut Group]
Name=New Spreadsheet
Exec=xdg-open https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?new
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Presentation Shortcut Group]
Name=New Presentation
Exec=xdg-open https://docs.google.com/?action=new_presentation
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Drawing Shortcut Group]
Name=New Drawing
Exec=xdg-open https://docs.google.com/drawings/create?hl=en
TargetEnvironment=Unity

      Note that this opens in your default browser. For chrome/ium fullscreen apps, find and replace xdg-open with chromium-browser and https: with --app=https:.

    3. Drag the gdocs.desktop into the launcher from ~/.local/share/applications/

    • 24

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