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Paddy Landau
Asked: 2023-03-04 00:56:25 +0800 CST

如何判断哪些包由于分阶段更新而被阻止

  • 772

很长一段时间以来，我一直在寻找这个问题的答案，虽然我已经看到了建议的解决方案，但没有一个有效。

我可以使用此命令看到所有准备好更新的包：

apt list --upgradable

其中一些由于分阶段更新而被阻止。我想知道哪些会升级，哪些会被阻止。

到目前为止，我所要做的就是发出这个命令（每个包一次）：

apt-cache policy [packagename]

如果输出包含字符串(phased …%)（百分号前的一位、两位或三位数字），则表示该包是分阶段更新的一部分。但它并没有说明它现在是否会安装在我的机器上。

我如何判断哪些待处理的软件包将立即安装，哪些将由于分阶段更新而被阻止？

我正在运行 Ubuntu 22.04，以防万一。

谢谢

package-management

3 个回答

  1. 这是一种方法：

    //The list of all upgradeable packages

$ apt list --upgradeable | cut -d'/' -f1
Listing...
tcpdump
ubuntu-advantage-tools

//The list of upgradeable packages that are NOT phased
//...or are phasing, and it's your turn for install

$ apt upgrade --simulate | grep Inst | cut -d' ' -f2
ubuntu-advantage-tools

    phasing packages 列表当然是列表之间的区别。

    • 7
  2. Best Answer

    我还拼凑了一些命令。我主要apt使用解析输出awk，但如果其他人知道更多本机命令，那就太好了。

    如果您想查找所有进行分阶段更新的包及其相关的阶段百分比。

    apt-cache dumpavail | awk '/^Package: /{p=$2} /^Phased-Update-Percentage/{print p,$2}'

    但是，根据这个问题，您可能只关心正在经历分阶段更新的已安装软件包。

    apt-cache dumpavail | awk '/^Package: /{p=$2} /^Phased-Update-Percentage/{cmd="dpkg -l "p" 2>&1 | grep -c ^ii";cmd | getline out;close(cmd); if(out > 0){print p,$2}}'

    您还可以找到将被阻止的包裹。在这种情况下，在full-upgrade.

    apt-get --simulate full-upgrade | awk '/^The following packages have been kept back:/{save=1;next} /^[[:graph:]]/{save=0;next} save{kp=kp$0} END{split(kp,kpa);for(kpi in kpa){print kpa[kpi]}}'

    但是你想“告诉哪些挂起的包现在会被安装，哪些会因为分阶段更新而被阻止”。把它们放在一起。

    apt-cache dumpavail | 
  awk -v OFS="," -v kp="$(
  apt-get --simulate full-upgrade | awk '/^The following packages have been kept back:/{save=1;next} /^[[:graph:]]/{save=0;next} save{kp=kp$0} END{print kp}'
  )" \
  'BEGIN{split(kp,kpa);for(kpi in kpa){kpd[kpa[kpi]]=""}} /^Package: /{p=$2} /^Phased-Update-Percentage/{cmd="dpkg -l "p" 2>&1 | grep -c ^ii";cmd | getline out;close(cmd); if(out > 0){if(p in kpd){print p,"phased "$2,"held back"}else{print p,"phased "$2,"not held back"}}}'

    这是打过补丁的 22.04 服务器上的示例输出（通过管道传输到column）。

    root@ubuntu:~# apt-cache dumpavail | awk -v OFS="," -v kp="$(apt-get --simulate full-upgrade | awk '/^The following packages have been kept back:/{save=1;next} /^[[:graph:]]/{save=0;next} save{kp=kp$0} END{print kp}')" 'BEGIN{split(kp,kpa);for(kpi in kpa){kpd[kpa[kpi]]=""}} /^Package: /{p=$2} /^Phased-Update-Percentage/{cmd="dpkg -l "p" 2>&1 | grep -c ^ii";cmd | getline out;close(cmd); if(out > 0){if(p in kpd){print p,"phased "$2,"held back"}else{print p,"phased "$2,"not held back"}}}' | column -t -s ,
grub-efi-amd64-bin           phased 0   held back
grub-efi-amd64-signed        phased 0   held back
libmbim-glib4                phased 70  held back
libmbim-proxy                phased 70  held back
libmm-glib0                  phased 70  not held back
libqmi-glib5                 phased 70  held back
libqmi-proxy                 phased 70  held back
libsasl2-2                   phased 70  held back
libsasl2-modules             phased 70  held back
libsasl2-modules-db          phased 70  held back
modemmanager                 phased 70  held back
python3-software-properties  phased 0   held back
shim-signed                  phased 62  held back
software-properties-common   phased 0   held back
tcpdump                      phased 20  not held back
ubuntu-advantage-tools       phased 20  held back

    结果匹配full-upgrade输出

    root@ubuntu:~# apt-cache --simulate full-upgrade
...
The following packages have been kept back:
  grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed libmbim-glib4 libmbim-proxy libqmi-glib5 libqmi-proxy libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db modemmanager python3-software-properties shim-signed software-properties-common ubuntu-advantage-tools
The following packages will be upgraded:
  isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common libmm-glib0 tcpdump

    笔记

    • 我在 Ubuntu 22.04 上用 apt 测试了这些命令2.4.8。
    • 这些命令可能无法处理某些情况。
    • 这不是一个快速的解决方案，需要超过 10 秒才能在我的最小规格 VM 上运行。
    • 处理分阶段更新的方式似乎正在发生变化。在进入这个兔子洞之前，我曾经apt-cache policy确定包裹是否被阻止。这似乎不再可靠。我找到了一个有用的 apt 配置选项APT::Get::Phase-Policy=True，但结果与实际的 apt 行为不一致。这是我在解析 的输出时生成的输出apt-cache policy，但它与 apt 的操作不匹配。
    root@ubuntu:~# for i in $(apt-cache dumpavail | awk '/^Package: /{p=$2} /^Phased-Update-Percentage/{cmd="dpkg -l "p" 2>&1 | grep -c ^ii";cmd | getline out;close(cmd); if(out > 0){print p}}'); do apt-cache -o=APT::Get::Phase-Policy=True policy $i | awk -v p=$i 'NR==2{iv=$2} NR==3{cv=$2} /phased/{pv=$1;pp=$3" "$4;exit} END{if( cv == pv ) { printf "%s,%s,not held back\n",p,pp }else{printf "%s,%s,held back\n",p,pp}}'; done | column -t -s ,
grub-efi-amd64-bin           (phased 0%)   held back
grub-efi-amd64-signed        (phased 0%)   held back
libmbim-glib4                (phased 70%)  held back
libmbim-proxy                (phased 70%)  held back
libmm-glib0                  (phased 70%)  not held back
libqmi-glib5                 (phased 70%)  not held back
libqmi-proxy                 (phased 70%)  not held back
libsasl2-2                   (phased 70%)  held back
libsasl2-modules             (phased 70%)  held back
libsasl2-modules-db          (phased 70%)  held back
modemmanager                 (phased 70%)  not held back
python3-software-properties  (phased 0%)   held back
shim-signed                  (phased 62%)  held back
software-properties-common   (phased 0%)   held back
tcpdump                      (phased 20%)  not held back
ubuntu-advantage-tools       (phased 20%)  held back
    • 6

  3. 的输出apt upgrade将准确告诉您哪些包将被升级，哪些包将被保留。

    您也可以使用apt -s upgrade它来运行模拟，这将为您提供相同的所需信息。

    $ apt -s upgrade
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
  libimage-magick-perl imagemagick libdcmtk16 libopenexr25 libmagick++-6.q16-8
  libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra libimage-magick-q16-perl libmagickwand-6.q16-6
  imagemagick-6.q16 libeditorconfig0 libmagickcore-6.q16-6
  imagemagick-6-common
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
The following packages have been kept back:
  grub-efi-amd64 grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db
  libsnmp-base libsnmp40 shim-signed tcpdump
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 10 not upgraded.
    • 5

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