主页 / ubuntu / 问题 / 1438902
Accepted
Utz
Asked: 2022-11-04 06:03:45 +0800 CST

自动安装支持 EFI 和 Legacy 引导

  • 772

我正在尝试使用Autoinstall安装 Ubuntu 22.04 。我生成的包含 userdata.yml（主自动安装文件）的 ISO 有storage部分，应该支持EFI和Legacy 引导，但我找不到实现它的方法。

userdata.yml 中仅支持EFI 引导的存储部分：

  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: false
      type: disk
      id: disk-sda
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1127219200
      wipe: superblock
      flag: boot
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: true
      type: partition
      id: partition-0
    - fstype: fat32
      volume: partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-0
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-1
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-1
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 54760833024
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-2
    - name: myvg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - name: slashlv
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: 53687091200B
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_partition
      id: lvm_partition-0
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-2
    - path: /
      device: format-2
      type: mount
      id: mount-2
    - path: /boot
      device: format-1
      type: mount
      id: mount-1
    - path: /boot/efi
      device: format-0
      type: mount
      id: mount-0

userdata.yml 中仅支持Legacy 引导的存储部分：

  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      type: disk
      id: disk-sda
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1048576
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-0
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-1
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-1
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 54760833024
      wipe: superblock
      flag: ''
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      type: partition
      id: partition-2
    - name: myvg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_volgroup
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
    - name: slashlv
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: 53687091200B
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      type: lvm_partition
      id: lvm_partition-0
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      type: format
      id: format-2
    - path: /
      device: format-2
      type: mount
      id: mount-1
    - path: /boot
      device: format-1
      type: mount
      id: mount-0

当我尝试使用仅支持旧版引导（反之亦然）的 userdata.yml 安装 EFI 时失败 -

2022-11-03 09:48:37,448 ERROR root:39 finish: subiquity/Filesystem/apply_autoinstall_config: FAIL: autoinstall config did not create needed bootloader partition
2022-11-03 09:48:37,448 ERROR root:39 finish: subiquity/apply_autoinstall_config: FAIL: autoinstall config did not create needed bootloader partition

同样，我需要在同一个userdata.yml 文件中同时支持EFI 和 Legacy 引导。

谢谢！

uefi

2 个回答

  1. 正式地，您不能创建同时支持 BIOS 和 UEFI 的单个存储配置。grub_device设置不兼容。引用其中一位安装程序（subquity）开发人员的话

    很可能是。我实际上想清理整个区域并使配置更合理（例如，确实应该可以安装一个可以同时启动旧版和 UEFI 的系统），但看起来我不会绕过很快就会……

    作为一种解决方法，early-commands可用于使单个配置工作。user-data这是我使用的示例片段。它将/autoinstall.yaml根据/sys/firmware/efi.

    #cloud-config
autoinstall:
  storage:
    config:
    - type: disk
      match:
        size: largest
      ptable: gpt
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      id: disk-sda
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: 4194304
      wipe: superblock
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 14
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      id: partition-14
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: 111149056
      wipe: superblock
      flag: boot
      number: 15
      preserve: false
      grub_device: UEFI
      id: partition-15
    - type: partition
      device: disk-sda
      size: -1
      wipe: superblock
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      id: partition-1
    - type: format
      fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      id: format-1
    - type: mount
      path: /
      device: format-1
      id: mount-1
    - type: format
      fstype: fat32
      volume: partition-15
      preserve: false
      id: format-15
    - type: mount
      path: /boot/efi
      device: format-15
      id: mount-15
  early-commands:
    - |
      if [ -e "/sys/firmware/efi" ]; then
        sed -i -e "s/grub_device: UEFI/grub_device: true/" /autoinstall.yaml
      else
        sed -i -e "s/grub_device: UEFI/grub_device: false/" /autoinstall.yaml
      fi
      true

    使用此代码段，所有设备最终都将具有相同的分区布局，这可能会造成混淆。例如，基于 BIOS 的机器最终仍会在 处挂载一个不必要的 ESP 分区/boot/efi，而基于 UEFI 的机器将有一个不必要的bios_grub分区。

    云图像有一个分区布局，用作此配置的灵感。云映像支持 BIOS 和 UEFI，我想复制它。生成的分区表如下所示，其中最终分区填满了磁盘。

    Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start    End       Size      File system  Name  Flags
 1      1.00MiB  5.00MiB   4.00MiB                      bios_grub
 2      5.00MiB  111MiB    106MiB    fat32              boot, esp
 3      111MiB   20479MiB  20368MiB  ext4
    • 1
  2. Best Answer

    解决方案：

    我删除了整个storage部分user-data；无论您是在 UEFI 系统还是 Legacy BIOS 中运行，默认的自动安装“知道”如何处理它。

    注意：它默认创建以下内容 -

    /boot - 2g
(If UEFI) /boot/efi - 1g±
/ - as LVM - 100g, or if your disk is less than 100g, it creates it with about 70% of the disk's size.
VG name - ubuntu-vg
LV name (that mounted to /) - ubuntu-lv
    • 0

相关问题