激活（如果已经运行，则运行或置于前面）程序的命令

一点 bash 和xdotool应该可以解决问题。在帖子末尾安装 xdotool 的注意事项。

激活或启动.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# usage:
#    ActivateOrLaunch.sh firefox-bin
#
# Will launch firefox-bin or activate the first window in the windows stack
# --- Remember to chmod a+x ActivateOrLaunch.sh in order to execute.

# pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process
#       IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout
#       for more information on pgrep http://linux.die.net/man/1/pgrep

# if process is found by pgrep then pipe through head to get firt instance in
#    case of multiple processes running. If process not found $pid will be empty
pid=$(pgrep ${1} | head -n 1)

# Using "-z" check if $pid is empty, if so execute the process
if [ -z "$pid" ]; then
   echo "$1 not running... executing..."
   $1 &
else
   # process was found, find the first visible window and activate it
   echo "Found process $1 with PID $pid"

   # using xdotool [http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/] get the first
   # visible windows using $pid. Redirect stderr to /dev/null and only select
   # the first visible windows using head
   wid=$(xdotool search --onlyvisible --pid $pid 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)

   # if $wid is empty the process does not have any visible windows... do nothing
   if [ -z "$wid" ]; then
     echo "Didn't find any visible windows for process $1 with PID: $pid"
   else
     # send the window id ($wid) from the window stack to xdotool
     echo "Activating first windows in stack"
     xdotool windowactivate $wid
   fi
fi

# ******** NOTES **********
# In order for this script to work correctly you need to pass the complete process 
# name for it to find any visible windows. The process needs needs to be in the path
# for it to execute if not running.
#
# For example
#
# If you try it with firefox-bin on Ubuntu 10.10 it will find the running process and 
# activate the window, but it will not be able to launch the process since the executable 
# in the path is called firefox which is a link to firefox.sh
# (/usr/bin/firefox -> ../lib/firefox-3.6.12/firefox.sh) which in turn executes firefox-bin
# (not in path).
#
# Next, if you use firefox it will find a process but won't be able to find any windows 
# since it's a wrapper function calling firefox-bin and doesn't have any windows. 

你可以在github上找到代码

我在 Ubuntu 10.10 (Gnome) 上测试了代码，它工作正常。它需要一些润色，因为我只是把它打了出来，并不担心让它漂亮（想确保得到评论）

要安装 xdotool 你可以apt-get install xdotool（给我这个获取的版本 2.20100701.2691），如果你想要最新最好的从这里获取它（截至 20101116 它是版本 2.20101012.3049-4）

在您的主目录中创建一个名为 sql-raise.sh 的文件

#!/bin/sh
如果 ps -ef | grep 进程名 | grep -v grep ; 然后
    #进程正在运行，把它带到最前面
    xdotool search --name 进程名 windowraise
    出口 0
菲

#进程没有运行，启动它
进程名

开始的行if ps -ef...转换为：

• 列出所有正在运行的进程
• 过滤掉任何不包含的行process-name
• 过滤掉grep命令本身，防止误报

起始行xdotool是将过程带到最前面的行。

在命令行上执行chmod +x ~/sql-raise.sh以使文件可执行。

要将其绑定到键，请使用系统 -> 首选项 -> 键盘快捷键

'launchorsitch.sh firefox' 如果 firefox 没有运行，则启动它，如果它不处于活动状态，则切换到它；如果它是活动窗口，则将其最小化。

#!/bin/bash
# usage: "launchorswitch.sh xterm" to change to/start/hide xterm
app=$1
app_win_id=`wmctrl -lx|grep -i $app|cut -d ' ' -f 1`
case $app in
    terminator)
        app_exec="terminator --geometry=1000x720+140+28"
    ;;
    *)
        app_exec=$app
    ;;
esac
if [ -z $app_win_id ]; then
    $app_exec & # app not started, so start it
else

    active_win_id=`wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -e 0,-1,-1,-1,-1 -v 2>&1|grep U|cut -d ' ' -f 3`
    if [ $app_win_id == $active_win_id ]; then
        wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -b toggle,hidden    # hide app when active
    else
        wmctrl -i -a $app_win_id    #switch to app
    fi;
fi;

一开始有程序的特殊规则（这里是终止符）。我的 hack 使用 wmctrl 并允许为要查找/运行的可执行文件指定特殊规则。欢迎对风格、明显错误等提出任何意见。