我的家用电脑运行的是 Ubuntu 18.04。我有一台运行 Windows 10 的类似配置的工作计算机。两台计算机都是大约 4 年的戴尔计算机。在我的 Ubuntu 电脑上——当我访问一些网站、在谷歌地球上滚动、处理数据时——硬盘开始疯狂旋转，风扇开始运转，就好像电脑在挣扎一样。我注意到我的 Windows 计算机在执行相同任务时没有相同的问题。访问网站时风扇永远不会启动，只有在我处理大量图像文件时。
我已确保我的 Ubuntu 计算机的组件没有灰尘，并且通风口畅通无阻。
为什么我的 Ubuntu 计算机似乎在简单的任务上如此挣扎？
以下是 Windows 10 计算机的统计数据。
这是Ubuntu计算机...
H/W path Device Class Description
=============================================================
system XPS 8920 (07DC)
/0 bus 0VHXCD
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/27 memory 32GiB System Memory
/0/27/0 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered
(Unregiste
/0/27/1 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregiste
/0/27/2 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregiste
/0/27/3 memory 8GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregiste
/0/2d memory 256KiB L1 cache
/0/2e memory 1MiB L2 cache
/0/2f memory 8MiB L3 cache
/0/30 processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700 CPU @ 3.60GHz
/0/100 bridge Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Brid
/0/100/1 bridge Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processo
/0/100/1/0 display GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
/0/100/1/0.1 multimedia GP106 High Definition Audio Controller
/0/100/2 display HD Graphics 630
/0/100/14 bus 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Cont
/0/100/14/0 usb1 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/0/1 scsi5 storage Flash Card Reader/Writer
/0/100/14/0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk Card Reader
/0/100/14/0/1/0.0.0/0 /dev/sdb disk
/0/100/14/0/5 input PS/2+USB Mouse
/0/100/14/0/8 communication Bluetooth wireless interface
/0/100/14/0/c printer Officejet 5740 series
/0/100/14/0/e input Dell KB216 Wired Keyboard
/0/100/14/1 usb2 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/15 generic 200 Series PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #0
/0/100/15.1 generic 200 Series PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #1
/0/100/16 communication 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1
/0/100/17 storage 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode]
/0/100/1c bridge 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #2
/0/100/1c/0 bus ASM1142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
/0/100/1c/0/0 usb3 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1c/0/1 usb4 bus xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1c.2 bridge 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #3
/0/100/1c.2/0 wlp3s0 network Wireless 3165
/0/100/1c.3 bridge 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #4
/0/100/1c.3/0 enp4s0 network QCA8171 Gigabit Ethernet
/0/100/1d bridge 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #9
/0/100/1d/0 storage XG4 NVMe SSD Controller
/0/100/1e generic 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Serial IO UART Co
/0/100/1f bridge 200 Series PCH LPC Controller (Z270)
/0/100/1f.2 memory Memory controller
/0/100/1f.3 multimedia 200 Series PCH HD Audio
/0/100/1f.4 bus 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller
/0/1 scsi1 storage
/0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 2TB ST32000644NS
/0/1/0.0.0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 127MiB reserved partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 1862GiB EXT4 volume
/0/2 scsi2 storage
/0/2/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DVD+-RW GU90N
/0/2/0.0.0/0 /dev/cdrom disk
/0/3 scsi6 storage
/0/3/0.0.0 /dev/sdc disk Officejet 5740 s
/0/3/0.0.0/0 /dev/sdc disk
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)
这是显卡的输出...
ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001C03sv00001462sd00008C94bc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
driver : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-450 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-455 - distro non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-440-server - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.2/0000:03:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v00008086d00003165sv00008086sd00004410bc02sc80i00
vendor : Intel Corporation
model : Wireless 3165
manual_install: True
driver : backport-iwlwifi-dkms - distro free
这是 $free 的输出
这来自 $top
这是 /var/log/syslog 的输出示例
Dec 5 09:47:48 gerry pcmanfm[2256]: x-terminal-emulator has very limited support, consider choose another terminal
Dec 5 09:47:51 gerry kernel: [75656.732362] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:47:51 gerry kernel: [75656.732381] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:47:51 gerry kernel: [75656.732390] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:47:51 gerry kernel: [75656.732452] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75662.728801] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75662.728816] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75662.728823] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75662.728828] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75663.219021] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75663.219035] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75663.219042] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:47:57 gerry kernel: [75663.219047] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.468657] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.468671] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.468679] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.468684] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.730175] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.730190] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.730197] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:48:03 gerry kernel: [75668.730201] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:48:09 gerry kernel: [75674.728631] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:48:09 gerry kernel: [75674.728641] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:48:09 gerry kernel: [75674.728645] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:48:09 gerry kernel: [75674.728648] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:48:13 gerry kernel: [75678.968692] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.2
Dec 5 09:48:13 gerry kernel: [75678.968706] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: PCIe Bus Error: severity=Corrected, type=Physical Layer, (Receiver ID)
Dec 5 09:48:13 gerry kernel: [75678.968713] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: device [8086:a292] error status/mask=00000001/00002000
Dec 5 09:48:13 gerry kernel: [75678.968718] pcieport 0000:00:1c.2: AER: [ 0] RxErr
Dec 5 09:48:14 gerry pcmanfm.desktop[2256]: gedit 'file:///var/log/syslog'
这是 lspci -tv 的输出
以下是 /var/log/syslog 的最后几行
Dec 5 11:46:16 gerry dbus-daemon[1050]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.hostname1'
Dec 5 11:46:16 gerry systemd[1]: Starting Hostname Service...
Dec 5 11:46:16 gerry systemd[1]: Started Hostname Service.
Dec 5 11:50:08 gerry dbus-daemon[6338]: [session uid=1000 pid=6338] Activating via systemd: service name='org.gnome.Terminal' unit='gnome-terminal-server.service' requested by ':1.126' (uid=1000 pid=14593 comm="/usr/bin/gnome-terminal.real " label="unconfined")
Dec 5 11:50:08 gerry systemd[6295]: Starting GNOME Terminal Server...
Dec 5 11:50:09 gerry dbus-daemon[6338]: [session uid=1000 pid=6338] Successfully activated service 'org.gnome.Terminal'
Dec 5 11:50:09 gerry systemd[6295]: Started GNOME Terminal Server.
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: message repeated 9 times: [ can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied]
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/home: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: message repeated 7 times: [ can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied]
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: message repeated 3 times: [ can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied]
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry gvfsd-metadata[9177]: g_udev_device_has_property: assertion 'G_UDEV_IS_DEVICE (device)' failed
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:22 gerry thunar[9170]: message repeated 6 times: [ can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied]
Dec 5 11:51:31 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:33 gerry thunar[9170]: message repeated 91 times: [ can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied]
Dec 5 11:51:52 gerry gedit[14666]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
Dec 5 11:51:52 gerry thunar[9170]: can't init metadata tree /home/gerry/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/root: open: Permission denied
dkms 已安装，但 dkms 状态没有返回任何内容。
这是软件和更新的屏幕截图：
这是 lshw -C 网络的输出：
sudo lshw -C network
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: Wireless 3165
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
logical name: wlp3s0
version: 79
serial: 70:1c:e7:e0:a3:3a
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=5.4.0-52-generic firmware=29.1044073957.0 ip=192.168.1.6 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
resources: irq:147 memory:df300000-df301fff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: QCA8171 Gigabit Ethernet
vendor: Qualcomm Atheros
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
logical name: enp4s0
version: 10
serial: 14:b3:1f:07:9f:ef
size: 1Gbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=alx duplex=full ip=192.168.1.5 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
resources: irq:19 memory:df200000-df23ffff ioport:d000(size=128)
这里
升级到 20.04 后，我的问题又回来了。这是当前的驱动程序。
$ ubuntu-drivers devices
WARNING:root:_pkg_get_support nvidia-driver-390: package has invalid Support Legacyheader, cannot determine support level
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001C03sv00001462sd00008C94bc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-460 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-460-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-495 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
您的计算机有多个问题。我们将首先击中最明显的那些。
AER 错误
您的 AER（高级错误报告）错误在设备 1c.2 上，我是对的，那是您的 Intel 3165 无线网卡。
sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub# 编辑这个文件寻找：
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"将其更改为：
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pci=noaer"sudo update-grub# 更新 GRUBreboot#重启电脑英伟达 GTX 1060
您当前正在使用低性能的 nouveau 视频驱动程序。
Software & Updates您应该在Additional Drivers选项卡中选择此选项...注意：Nvidia 驱动程序可能会导致问题，因此请确保在更改驱动程序之前有良好的数据备份。