我的输出设备中出现了一个虚拟输出，但没有声音。我已经在这个网站上阅读了很多问题，但没有任何建议的解决方案能持续为我工作。

诊断

lspci -nnk | grep -A3

06:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Device [1002:1637]
        Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:5082]
        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
        Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
--
06:00.5 Multimedia controller [0480]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor [1022:15e2] (rev 01)
        Subsystem: Lenovo Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor [17aa:5084]
        Kernel driver in use: snd_rn_pci_acp3x
        Kernel modules: snd_pci_acp3x, snd_rn_pci_acp3x
06:00.6 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 10h-1fh) HD Audio Controller [1022:15e3]
        Subsystem: Lenovo Family 17h (Models 10h-1fh) HD Audio Controller [17aa:5082]
        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
        Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel

aplay -l

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: Generic_1 [HD-Audio Generic], device 0: ALC257 Analog [ALC257 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

fuser -v /dev/snd/*

                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/snd/controlC0:  jonas      1176 F.... pulseaudio
/dev/snd/controlC2:  jonas      1176 F.... pulseaudio

find /lib/modules | grep snd | grep hda | grep intel

/lib/modules/5.4.0-52-generic/kernel/sound/soc/sof/intel/snd-sof-intel-hda.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-52-generic/kernel/sound/soc/sof/intel/snd-sof-intel-hda-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-52-generic/kernel/sound/soc/intel/boards/snd-soc-skl_hda_dsp.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-52-generic/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-intel.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-52-generic/kernel/sound/hda/snd-intel-dspcfg.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-25-generic/kernel/sound/soc/sof/intel/snd-sof-intel-hda.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-25-generic/kernel/sound/soc/sof/intel/snd-sof-intel-hda-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-25-generic/kernel/sound/soc/intel/boards/snd-soc-skl_hda_dsp.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-25-generic/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-intel.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-25-generic/kernel/sound/hda/snd-intel-dspcfg.ko

这是我尝试过的：

1.pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload

如果我经常发出这个命令（大约 3-7 次），那么最终我的扬声器会显示为输出设备并且声音可以正常工作。但是，重新启动后，这不再起作用。

我怎样才能使它保持一致？

此命令的典型输出如下所示

Unloading ALSA sound driver modules: snd-soc-dmic snd-acp3x-rn snd-acp3x-pdm-dma snd-soc-core snd-compress snd-hda-codec-hdmi snd-pcm-dmaengine snd-hda-codec-realtek snd-hda-codec-generic snd-hda-intel snd-seq-midi snd-seq-midi-event snd-intel-dspcfg snd-hda-codec snd-rawmidi snd-hda-core snd-seq snd-hwdep snd-pcm snd-seq-device snd-rn-pci-acp3x snd-pci-acp3x snd-timer (failed: modules still loaded: snd-soc-dmic snd-soc-core snd-compress snd-pcm-dmaengine snd-hda-codec-realtek snd-hda-codec-generic snd-hda-codec snd-hda-core snd-hwdep snd-pcm snd-timer).
Loading ALSA sound driver modules: snd-soc-dmic snd-acp3x-rn snd-acp3x-pdm-dma snd-soc-core snd-compress snd-hda-codec-hdmi snd-pcm-dmaengine snd-hda-codec-realtek snd-hda-codec-generic snd-hda-intel snd-seq-midi snd-seq-midi-event snd-intel-dspcfg snd-hda-codec snd-rawmidi snd-hda-core snd-seq snd-hwdep snd-pcm snd-seq-device snd-rn-pci-acp3x snd-pci-acp3x snd-timer.

有时，failed: modules still loaded零件不会出现。但我没有认识到任何不同的结果。

这略微更改aplay -l为

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: Generic_1 [HD-Audio Generic], device 0: ALC257 Analog [ALC257 Analog]
  Subdevices: 0/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

所以card 1现在它是Subdevices: 0/1而不是Subdevices: 1/1.

2.添加行/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base

根据this question中的解决方案，我添加了该行

options snd-hda-intel model=generic

到/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base. 这实际上取代了Dummy outputby HD-Audio Generic Digital Stereo (HDMI)。我猜这会启用 HDMI 音频输出？我无法对此进行测试，但扬声器不起作用。

这改变了输出aplay -l

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 3: Generic Digital [Generic Digital]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: Generic_1 [HD-Audio Generic], device 0: ALC257 Analog [ALC257 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

其他两条提议的线路

options snd-hda-intel dmic_detect=0
blacklist snd_soc_skl

没有任何我认可的效果。

3.胆怯

有些人对程序有问题timidity，但它没有安装在我的系统上。

我很茫然，现在该怎么办。任何帮助，将不胜感激 ：）