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lucidbrot
Asked: 2020-05-02 06:47:32 +0800 CST

如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 中使用 GNOME3 从 bash 脚本设置自定义键盘快捷键？

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与2012的这个问题类似，我正在寻找一种方法来自动设置组合键，该组合键应该触发命令的执行，就像在 gui 中设置它一样。（示例用法）

我在 Ubuntu 18.04 上，链接答案的 gsettings 架构似乎不存在： 

$ gsettings list-schemas | grep keyboard
org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.keyboard
org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.a11y-keyboard
org.gnome.shell.keyboard
org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.keyboard
org.gnome.libgnomekbd.keyboard
com.canonical.indicator.keyboard
org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard
org.gnome.desktop.a11y.keyboard

我如何使用 bash 来设置它，就像我进入 GNOME GUISettings > Devices > Keyboard并手动设置它一样？ 显示 GUI 中的设置的示例图像

shortcut-keys ubuntu-gnome 18.04

3 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    评论后

    不太容易。您需要在[call]
    中为快捷键声明一个文件夹，然后在. 在该文件夹中，“绑定”、“命令”和“名称”键定义了自定义快捷键。不确定如何使用命令轻松完成（尤其是第一步）。–钒org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keyscustom-keybindings/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/

    我查看了以下链接：

    我的笔记本电脑已经使用 GUI 进行了设置，我运行了一些查询以了解我应该瞄准什么输出。

    $ gsettings list-relocatable-schemas | grep keybin
org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding
org.gnome.orca.keybinding

## I have two shortcuts
$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings
['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/']

$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ binding
'<Primary><Super>Left'

$ ls /opt
confinedrv  virtio-win.iso  workspace_shortcut_send_to_next.sh
generic@motorbrot:~/Downloads/iso.new$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ command
'wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 0'

$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ name
'send to first workspace'

    在我的测试设备上（不同于以前的笔记本电脑），查询org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings返回一个空字符串数组 ( @as [])。

    在我的测试设备上，我尝试设置绑定：

    $ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ binding '<Primary><Super>Right'
No such schema "org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybindings"
'<Primary><Super>Left'

    在/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybindings.gschema.xml测试设备上是为org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding（没有尾随 s）定义的模式。在那里我可以看到 , 和 的类型name都binding用于command字符串s。所以我删除了结尾的 sid但不是path现在设置并再次查询它们有效。

    $ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ binding '<Primary><Super>Right'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ name 'move to first wirkspace'
$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ command 'wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 0'
$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ binding
'<Primary><Super>Right'

    然后，我将自定义命令路径添加到以前的空列表中。（我认为这会覆盖整个列表，所以要小心！）

    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings "['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/']"
## make sure the path starts and ends with a slash
gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings 
"['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/']"

    r我通过进入按下时出现的弹出窗口继续重新加载 gnome AltF2。

    我将一个窗口移动到第二个工作区并尝试它是否有效。它没有 - 没有任何反应。
    我将命令更改为echo test > ~/testing.txt并再次尝试，但仍然 - 没有任何反应。该文件未创建。

    这里的问题与我使用 GUI 的链接示例用法相同：

    如果快捷方式不能以这种方式工作，但从终端运行时该命令有效，请将其保存在文件中/fullpath/myfile.txt并设置bash /fullpath/myfile.txt为快捷方式命令。这应该适用于 Gnome 和 Xfce。

    • 1

  2. 为此，我编写了一个脚本。如果尝试覆盖现有的默认快捷方式，它将失败而不会打印错误。

    
#!/bin/bash

# Set a Keyboard Shorcut in Gnome
# Example invocation:
#   add_keyboard_shortcut "MyShortcut 0" "gedit" "F8"

has_gsettings=$(which gsettings)
if [[ ! -z "$has_gsettings" ]]; then
  function add_keyboard_shortcut ()
  {
    existing_shortcut_string=$(gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings)
    exst_str_len=$((${#existing_shortcut_string}))
    if (( $exst_str_len  %s' "$1" "$2"
      # Assign bindings
      gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$new_shortcut_index/ name "$1"
      gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$new_shortcut_index/ command "$2"
      gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom$new_shortcut_index/ binding "$3"
      # Declare the new binding
      gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings "${declaration_string}"
    else
      printf "\n\nYou are missing input arguments.\n\nThis command requires 3 arguments...\n\nSyntax is add_keyboard_shortcut 'Name' 'Command' 'Shorcut'\n\n\nFor example\n\n  add_keyboard_shortcut 'Open Nautilus' 'nautilus' 'F3'\n\n\n\n\n\nCommon Key Abbreviations:\n\n";
      printf 'Super key:                 \nControl key:                or \nAlt key:                   \nShift key:                 \nnumbers:                   1 (just the number)\nSpacebar:                  space\nSlash key:                 slash\nAsterisk key:              asterisk (so it would need `` as well)\nAmpersand key:             ampersand (so it would need  as well)\n\na few numpad keys:\nNumpad divide key (`/`):   KP_Divide\nNumpad multiply (Asterisk):KP_Multiply\nNumpad number key(s):      KP_1\nNumpad `-`:                KP_Subtract\n\n\n\nList all gsettings keys:\n  gsettings list-recursively';
      return -1;
    fi
  }
fi
    • 0

  3. 这里是一个示例如何创建键盘快捷键以通过<Super> + p按键暂停系统：

    gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings "['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/']"
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ name 'suspend'
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ command 'systemctl suspend'
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ binding '<Super>p'
    • 0

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