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Accepted
Alexander Stohr
Asked: 2019-07-26 07:33:49 +0800 CST

如何使用 apt 和 gpg 从防火墙后面将 gcc/gpp 6 到 9 安装到 Xenial 系统上？

  • 772

我尝试让 Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial) 的编译器高于 gcc/gpp-5。

我将这些行添加到 /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial main

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial main

之后运行“apt update”时，我得到了这个：

Err:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial InRelease
 The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 1E9377A2BA9EF27F
Err:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 8CF63AD3F06FC659

然后我尝试添加键：

# apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 1E9377A2BA9EF27F
Executing: /tmp/tmp.hQqulW3vSQ/gpg.1.sh --keyserver
keyserver.ubuntu.com
--recv-key
1E9377A2BA9EF27F
> gpg: requesting key BA9EF27F from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpgkeys: key 1E9377A2BA9EF27F not found on keyserver
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: Total number processed: 0
gpg: keyserver communications error: key not found
gpg: keyserver communications error: bad public key
gpg: keyserver receive failed: bad public key

# apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 8CF63AD3F06FC659
Executing: /tmp/tmp.9sbMVJgRDb/gpg.1.sh --keyserver
keyserver.ubuntu.com
--recv-key
8CF63AD3F06FC659
gpg: requesting key F06FC659 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpgkeys: key 8CF63AD3F06FC659 not found on keyserver
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: Total number processed: 0
gpg: keyserver communications error: key not found
gpg: keyserver communications error: bad public key
gpg: keyserver receive failed: bad public key

如何简单地为该平台获取一组更新的编译器？

我发现在防火墙后面很难实现这样的目标。标准食谱不起作用，甚至“sudo -E”对我来说都失败了。而且我目前不知道如何改进 apt-* 工具集的调试打印。

gnupg proxy gcc 16.04 g++

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    （该解决方案的开发部分基于 N0rbert 和我在他最初提案中的对话）

    对问题的理解发展到发现“gpg”访问是有问题/悬空操作的地步。用户“nobar”的评论对获得最终线索最有帮助：

    gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.

In this scenario, the message is a cryptic way of telling you that the download failed.

    查看那里讨论的全尺寸主题：https ://stackoverflow.com/questions/21338721/gpg-no-valid-openpgp-data-found

    现在做一个工作来解决这里的主题中的问题......

    转到http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/ - 对于每个缺少的密钥（BA9EF27F / F06FC659），请执行以下操作：

    • 在提供的输入框中输入带有“0x”前缀的每个缺少的键
    • 选择“获取匹配键的详细索引”的单选按钮
    • 单击“搜索密钥”按钮
    • 在结果页面中，单击“pub”行中的链接并将目标网页保存到您的下载文件夹（我使用了短 keyId 和 *.txt 扩展名；实际上它是一个 HTML 文件内容，但这是一个很好的做法'不在乎）

    • 为每个下载的文件以 root 身份运行以下命令：

      apt-key add ***name-of-the-file***

    当上述操作完成两次（每个键一次）然后运行它以检查它是否有效：

    apt update

    除了其他几行之外，结果还应包含类似以下行的内容：

    Get:23 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main Sources [13.4 kB]
Get:24 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [86.8 kB]
Get:25 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [85.1 kB]
Get:27 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [14.4 kB]
Get:28 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main Sources [12.1 kB]
Get:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [79.7 kB]
Get:30 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [78.4 kB]
Get:31 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [15.7 kB]

    最后的操作是安装您选择的额外 gcc 版本：

    apt install gcc-6 g++-6
apt install gcc-7 g++-7
apt install gcc-8 g++-8
apt install gcc-9 g++-9

    这对我来说终于成功了。所有项目均从 amd64 存储库版本中的http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu获得。如果我想在另一个 PPA 上设置更高的优先级，我想我需要交换 sources.list 文件中的行。

    现在检查已安装的 gcc 二进制文件的版本返回以下文本：

    # gcc-6 --version
gcc-6 (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~16.04) 6.5.0 20181026
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# gcc-7 --version
gcc-7 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~16.04~ppa1) 7.4.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# gcc-8 --version
gcc-8 (Ubuntu 8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04) 8.3.0
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# gcc-9 --version
gcc-9 (Ubuntu 9.1.0-2ubuntu2~16.04) 9.1.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

    现在检查已安装的 g++ 二进制文件的版本返回以下文本：

    # g++-6 --version
g++-6 (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~16.04) 6.5.0 20181026
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# g++-7 --version
g++-7 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~16.04~ppa1) 7.4.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# g++-8 --version
g++-8 (Ubuntu 8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04) 8.3.0
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# g++-9 --version
g++-9 (Ubuntu 9.1.0-2ubuntu2~16.04) 9.1.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

    更新： 这些命令（截至目前）显然使用 Jonathon PPA：

    # apt install clang

    目前该命令导致此版本：

    $ clang --version
clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu3~trusty5 (tags/RELEASE_380/final)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

# clang++ --version
clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu3~trusty5 (tags/RELEASE_380/final)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
    • 1

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