两个答案合二为一

我在这里发布了两个答案：

• 一个希望更容易理解的 bash 脚本
• 使用通用 Linux 实用程序的单线器grep，sed以及cut

Bash 脚本在运行中的样子

我已关闭 gnome-terminal 换行以使输入和输出文件更易于阅读。

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
rick@alien:~/askubuntu$ tput rmam # Turn off line wrap
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
rick@alien:~/askubuntu$ cat aptfilein
Published repositories:
 * test_repo_one/xenial [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [xenial-main_20190311]: Snapshot from mirr}
 * test_repo_one/xenial-security [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [xenial-security-main_20190311]: }
 * test_repo_two/trusty [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [trusty-main_20190312]: Snapshot from mirr}
...
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
rick@alien:~/askubuntu$ time aptfileparse.sh
5 lines read from aptfilein
3 lines written to aptfileout

real    0m0.025s
user    0m0.016s
sys     0m0.004s
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
rick@alien:~/askubuntu$ cat aptfileout
 test_repo_one/xenial [xenial-main_20190311] [xenial-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-restricted_201]
 test_repo_one/xenial-security [xenial-security-main_20190311] [xenial-security-multiverse_20190]
 test_repo_two/trusty [trusty-main_20190312] [trusty-multiverse_20190312] [trusty-restricted_201]
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
rick@alien:~/askubuntu$ 

实际的 Bash 脚本

请记住使脚本可执行chmod a+x script.sh

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: aptfileparse.sh
# PATH: ~/askubuntu
# DESC: Parse Apt File giving new lines.
# DATE: July 1, 2019.
# NOTE: For: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1127821/text-processing-aptly-output-file
#       Program would be ~10 lines shorter (but harder to read) with arrays.

: <<'END'
/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

INPUT FILE LAYOUT
=================

Published repositories:
 * test_repo_one/xenial [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [xenial-main_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-main]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}, {multiverse: [xenial-multiverse_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-multiverse]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}, {restricted: [xenial-restricted_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-restricted]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}, {universe: [xenial-universe_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-universe]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}
 * test_repo_one/xenial-security [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [xenial-security-main_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-main]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}, {multiverse: [xenial-security-multiverse_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-multiverse]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}, {restricted: [xenial-security-restricted_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-restricted]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}, {universe: [xenial-security-universe_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-universe]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}
 * test_repo_two/trusty [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [trusty-main_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-main]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}, {multiverse: [trusty-multiverse_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-multiverse]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}, {restricted: [trusty-restricted_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-restricted]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}, {universe: [trusty-universe_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-universe]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}
...

OUTPUT FILE LAYOUT
==================

 test_repo_one/xenial [xenial-main_20190311] [xenial-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-restricted_20190311] [xenial-universe_20190311]

Five fields to extract: name, main, multiverse, restricted, universe

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
END

 INPUT="aptfilein"
OUTPUT="aptfileout"

> "$OUTPUT" # Erase previous output file

# Read all input lines
while IFS= read -r line ; do

    let CountIn++
    ! [[ "$line" =~ " *" ]] && continue     # skip lines not starting " *"
    # Get name
    line="${line#" * "}"                    # remove leading " * "
    lout="${line%%" "*}"                    # name is up to next " "
    line="${line#" "*}"                     # remove name from line
    # Get main
    line="${line#*"{main: "}"               # remove leading "{main: "
    lout="$lout ${line%%":"*}"              # main is up to next ":"
    line="${line#":"*}"                     # remove name from line
    # Get multiverse
    line="${line#*"{multiverse: "}"         # remove leading "{multiverse: "
    lout="$lout ${line%%":"*}"              # maultiverse is up to next ":"
    line="${line#":"*}"                     # remove multiverse from line
    # Get restricted
    line="${line#*"{restricted: "}"         # remove leading "{restricted: "
    lout="$lout ${line%%":"*}"              # restricted is up to next ":"
    line="${line#":"*}"                     # remove restricted from line
    # Get universe
    line="${line#*"{universe: "}"           # remove leading "{universe: "
    lout="$lout ${line%%":"*}"              # universe is up to next ":"
    line="${line#":"*}"                     # remove universe from line

    # Append line to output file with leading space
    echo " $lout" >> "$OUTPUT"
    let CountOut++

done < "$INPUT"

echo  "$CountIn lines read from $INPUT"
echo "$CountOut lines written to $OUTPUT"

具有通用实用程序的单线

One-liners 在 Linux 社区中很受欢迎，并且在此问答中发布了一些出色awk的答案。perl这是一个使用最有经验的命令行用户熟悉的常用实用程序的示例：

$ time grep ^" \*" aptfilein | sed 's/ \* //;s/ /: /;s/^/ /' | cut -d':' -f1,3,6,9,12 --output-delimiter=''
 test_repo_one/xenial [xenial-main_20190311] [xenial-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-restricted_20190311] [xenial-universe_20190311]
 test_repo_one/xenial-security [xenial-security-main_20190311] [xenial-security-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-security-restricted_20190311] [xenial-security-universe_20190311]
 test_repo_two/trusty [trusty-main_20190312] [trusty-multiverse_20190312] [trusty-restricted_20190312] [trusty-universe_20190312]

real    0m0.011s
user    0m0.003s
sys     0m0.008s

• grep ^" \*" aptfilein- 该grep命令选择包含搜索字符串的行。胡萝卜 ( ^) 表示字符串必须从行首开始。反斜杠 ( \) 表示星号/splat ( *) 将按字面意思理解，而不是用作选择所有内容的通配符。总之，此命令选择以in filegrep开头的所有行。 *aptfilein
• sed是一个“流编辑器”，它可以编辑进入的行并更改它们并将它们传递出去。这里有三个sed变化's/ \* //;s/ /: /;s/^/ /'。更改在引号 ( ') 之间并由分号 ( ;) 分隔符划定（分隔）。他们在接下来的三点被打破。
• s/ \* //- 搜索第一次出现*并将其更改为空。这将擦除*从每一行开始的。
• s/ /: /- 搜索第一个空格并将其更改为冒号 ( :)，后跟一个空格。这是将我们的第一个字段更改为键的必要条件。例如test_repo_one/xenial 变成test_repo_one/xenial: .
• s/^/ /- 告诉sed在每行的开头插入一个空格。
• cut -d':' -f1,3,6,9,12 --output-delimiter=''- 使用cut命令选择关键字段#1、3、6、9和12。关键字段由冒号分隔，如参数-d':'规定。通常输出字段的分隔符相同，但使用 --output-delimiter=''` 参数将其覆盖为 null。

注意：单行比 bash 更快，后者在字符串处理方面更慢。

Perl 方法：

$ perl -lne 'next unless /^\s*\*\s*(\S+)/; $n=$1; @k=(/\{.+?:\s*\[(.+?)\]/g); print "$n @k"' file 
test_repo_one/xenial xenial-main_20190311 xenial-multiverse_20190311 xenial-restricted_20190311 xenial-universe_20190311
test_repo_one/xenial-security xenial-security-main_20190311 xenial-security-multiverse_20190311 xenial-security-restricted_20190311 xenial-security-universe_20190311
test_repo_two/trusty trusty-main_20190312 trusty-multiverse_20190312 trusty-restricted_20190312 trusty-universe_20190312

解释

• perl -lne: 逐行读取输入文件 ( -n)，删除尾随换行符 ( ) 并运行每行-l给出的脚本。还会为每个调用添加一个-e换行符。-lprint
• next unless /^\s*\*\s*(\S+)/;: 找到 repo 的名称，因此第一行的非空白字符 ( \S+) 以 0 个或多个空白字符 ( ^\s*) 开头，然后是*( \*)，然后是 0 个或多个空白字符。之后最长的非空白区域就是我们想要的。如果此行与此正则表达式不匹配，next则会将我们移至下一行。
• $n=$1: 将上述匹配项（(\S+)括号中的$1）捕获的内容保存为$n.
• @k=(/\{.+?:\s*\[(.+?)\]/g): 找出我们有 a {，任何其他字符，然后是 a :，然后是空格和 a 的所有情况，[并捕获介于 the[和 the之间的任何内容]。将所有匹配的字符串保存在数组中@k。
• print "$n @k": 最后，从上面打印 repo 的名称、the$n和数组@k。

如果您更喜欢包含方括号，您可以使用：

$ perl -lne 'next unless /^\s*\*\s*(\S+)/; $n=$1; @k=(/\{.+?:\s*(\[.+?\])/g); print "$n @k"' file 
test_repo_one/xenial [xenial-main_20190311] [xenial-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-restricted_20190311] [xenial-universe_20190311]
test_repo_one/xenial-security [xenial-security-main_20190311] [xenial-security-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-security-restricted_20190311] [xenial-security-universe_20190311]
test_repo_two/trusty [trusty-main_20190312] [trusty-multiverse_20190312] [trusty-restricted_20190312] [trusty-universe_20190312]

我的 awk 方法：

$ cat 1.txt 
Published repositories:
 * test_repo_one/xenial [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [xenial-main_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-main]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}, {multiverse: [xenial-multiverse_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-multiverse]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}, {restricted: [xenial-restricted_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-restricted]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}, {universe: [xenial-universe_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-universe]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial [src]}
 * test_repo_one/xenial-security [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [xenial-security-main_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-main]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}, {multiverse: [xenial-security-multiverse_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-multiverse]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}, {restricted: [xenial-security-restricted_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-restricted]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}, {universe: [xenial-security-universe_20190311]: Snapshot from mirror [xenial-security-universe]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security[src]}
 * test_repo_two/trusty [i386,amd64] publishes {main: [trusty-main_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-main]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}, {multiverse: [trusty-multiverse_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-multiverse]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}, {restricted: [trusty-restricted_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-restricted]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}, {universe: [trusty-universe_20190312]: Snapshot from mirror [trusty-universe]: http//gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty[src]}

$ awk '$1=="*"{split ($0, a, /:/); print $2 a[2] a[5] a[8] a[11]}' 1.txt 
test_repo_one/xenial [xenial-main_20190311] [xenial-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-restricted_20190311] [xenial-universe_20190311]
test_repo_one/xenial-security [xenial-security-main_20190311] [xenial-security-multiverse_20190311] [xenial-security-restricted_20190311] [xenial-security-universe_20190311]
test_repo_two/trusty [trusty-main_20190312] [trusty-multiverse_20190312] [trusty-restricted_20190312] [trusty-universe_20190312]