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matohak
Asked: 2018-12-01 11:27:23 +0800 CST

通过符号链接合并多个嵌套目录中的文件的脚本

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基本上我正在寻找一个脚本来在 Ubuntu 中自动化东西（见下图）。我正在考虑使用 bash 脚本，但其他解决方案（例如 python？）也会非常好。

1) 假设我有许多带有子文件夹和文件的真实目录“文件夹 1”和“文件夹 2”。假设相应文件夹 1 和 2 中的文件具有唯一名称。如何创建一个新的合并文件夹，其中每个文件都是原始文件夹的符号链接？

2) 脚本还应该提供一个选项来修剪合并文件夹中损坏的符号链接。

我想这样做的原因是因为我想改进我的东西的组织方式。例如。“Folder 1|2”可能是在不同时间点获得的数据。然后我会为不同的项目创建 Merged_Folder1、Merged_Folder2 等，而无需复制大文件。

编辑：这个问题与这篇文章不同，因为我想合并具有相同名称的相应嵌套子文件夹。上一篇文章中的问题只是将源下的顶级目录链接到目标，并且无法合并嵌套的子文件夹。请注意，在我的情况下，所有文件夹都不是符号链接，只有文件是符号链接。

Edit2：我应该澄清一下，我希望代码合并任意级别的嵌套子文件夹，而不仅仅是两个级别。因此，我在示例插图中添加了“文件 J”和“文件 I”。

我希望文件夹合并如何工作的示例

scripts automation bash symbolic-link

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    我认为下面的 shellscript 会做你想要的

    • 原始文件夹在main
    • 可以有多个级别的子文件夹
    • 合并的文件夹是links
    • 在包含和script的目录中运行主 shellscriptmainlinks

    script

    #!/bin/bash

mkdir -p links

find main -type d -exec bash -c \
'for pathname do
  #echo "------------------------------${pathname} ${pathname#*/*/}"
  if [ "${pathname/*\/*\/}" != "${pathname}" ]
  then
   mkdir -p "links/${pathname#*/*/}"
  fi
 done' bash {} +

find main -type f -exec bash -c \
'curdir=$(pwd)
for pathname do
  tpat=${pathname/main\/}
  ln -s "${curdir}/${pathname}" "links/${tpat#*/}" 2> /dev/null;
 done' bash {} +

find links -type l -exec bash -c \
'for pathname do
  LANG=C
  file "$pathname"|grep -o  "$pathname: broken symbolic link" > /dev/null; \
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then rm "$pathname";fi
 done' \
 bash {} +

    演示

    $ \rm -r links

$ find main
main
main/f 4
main/f 4/s 4
main/f 4/s 4/k 4
main/asdf
main/f2
main/f2/s3
main/f2/s3/h
main/f2/s3/g
main/f2/s3/ss
main/f2/s3/ss/i
main/f2/s1
main/f2/s1/c
main/f2/s1/d
main/j
main/f1
main/f1/s2
main/f1/s2/x y
main/f1/s2/f
main/f1/s2/e
main/f1/s1
main/f1/s1/a
main/f1/s1/b

$ ./script  # doing it

$ find links/ -type l -exec file {} \;
links/s2/x y: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f1/s2/x y
links/s2/f: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f1/s2/f
links/s2/e: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f1/s2/e
links/s3/h: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f2/s3/h
links/s3/g: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f2/s3/g
links/s3/ss/i: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f2/s3/ss/i
links/s 4/k 4: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f 4/s 4/k 4
links/asdf: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/asdf
links/s1/a: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f1/s1/a
links/s1/c: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f2/s1/c
links/s1/b: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f1/s1/b
links/s1/d: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/f2/s1/d
links/j: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/j

$ ln -s main/asdf links/asdf-b  # create a broken link

$ find links/ -type l -name "asdf*" -exec file {} \;
links/asdf-b: broken symbolic link to main/asdf
links/asdf: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/asdf

$ ./script  # this time only to remove the broken link

$ find links/ -type l -name "asdf*" -exec file {} \;
links/asdf: symbolic link to /media/multimed-2/test/test0/matohak/main/asdf
$

    允许您指定 main/* 下要合并的文件夹的案例

    #!/bin/bash
# First argument is target, following arbitrary number of target folders
# eg. ./script.sh links main/f1 main/f2 main/f3

argc=$#
argv=($@)

mkdir -p ${argv[0]}

for (( j=1; j<argc; j++ )); do

    find ${argv[j]} -type d -exec bash -c \
    'for pathname do
      #echo "------------------------------${pathname} ${pathname#*/*/}"
      if [ "${pathname/*\/*\/}" != "${pathname}" ]
      then
       mkdir -p "'${argv[0]}'/${pathname#*/*/}"
      fi
     done' bash {} +

    find ${argv[j]} -type f -exec bash -c \
    'curdir=$(pwd)
    for pathname do
      tpat=${pathname/${argv[j]}\/}
      ln -s "${curdir}/${pathname}" "'${argv[0]}'/${tpat#*/}" 2> /dev/null;
     done' bash {} +

    find ${argv[0]} -type l -exec bash -c \
    'for pathname do
      LANG=C
      file "$pathname"|grep -o  "$pathname: broken symbolic link" > /dev/null; \
      if [ $? -eq 0 ];then rm "$pathname";fi
     done' \
     bash {} +

    find ${argv[0]} -type d -empty -delete  # Removes empty dir in target

done
    • 1

  2. 明白了......这个python代码应该能够遍历任意数量的嵌套目录并为所有合并到目标目录中的文件创建符号链接。参数分别是目标和源目录。源目录应该相对于目标目录。例如。

    python script.py ./merged_folder ../folder1 ../folder2 ../folder3

    import os
import sys
import time
'''
Loops through merge_symlink.
See https://askubuntu.com/questions/1097502/script-for-merging-files-in-multiple-nested-directories-by-symbolic-link/
KH Tam Nov 2018 (matohak)

Use: python merge_symlink.py ./target ../folder1 ../folder2 ../folder3
Note that if overwrite==True and there are duplicated filenames, links will be overwritten by the last argument's
'''

def merge_symlink(sources, overwrite=True, remove_empty_dir=True, verbose=False):
    '''
    See https://askubuntu.com/questions/1097502/script-for-merging-files-in-multiple-nested-directories-by-symbolic-link/
    Function to be run in the target directory.

    :param sources: a list of directories where the files in the subdirectories are to be merged symbolically. Path relative to the target. eg. ["../folder1", "../folder2"]
    :param overwrite: Bool, whether to overwrite existing symbolic links
    :param remove_empty_dir: Bool, whether to remove empty directories in target.
    :param verbose: Prints stuff.
    :return: None
    '''

    # Creating symlinks and folders
    for source in sources:
        for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(source):
            # print(dirName, fileList)  # print all source dir and files
            if source[-1] == "/": source=source[:-1]

            target_dir = dirName.replace(source, '.', 1)
            depth = dirName.count("/") - source.count("/")

            try:
                os.mkdir(os.path.join(target_dir))
            except FileExistsError:
                pass

            for file in fileList:
                targetlink = os.path.join(target_dir, file)
                try:
                    os.symlink(os.path.join("../"*depth + dirName, file), targetlink)
                except FileExistsError:
                    if overwrite and not (isvalidlink(targetlink)==2):  # Never replace a real file with a symlink!
                        os.remove(targetlink)
                        os.symlink(os.path.join("../" * depth + dirName, file), targetlink)
                        if verbose: print('overwriting {}'.format(targetlink))

    # Pruning broken links and then deleting empty folders.
    for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk("./"):
        for file in fileList:
            link = os.path.join(dirName,file)
            if isvalidlink(link)==0:
                os.remove(link)
                if verbose: print("Removing broken symlink: {}".format(link))

    if remove_empty_dir:
        for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk("./"):
            if fileList==[] and subdirList==[] and dirName!="./":
                os.rmdir(dirName)

# Checks if file is a broken link. 0: broken link; 1: valid link; 2: not a link
def isvalidlink(path):
    if not os.path.islink(path):
        return 2
    try:
        os.stat(path)
    except os.error:
        return 0
    return 1

if __name__ == "__main__":

    target = sys.argv[1]
    sources = sys.argv[2:]      # Inputs should be relative to the target dir.
    overwrite = False
    loop = False
    looptime = 10

    os.chdir(target)
    if not loop:
        merge_symlink(sources, overwrite=overwrite)
    else:
        while loop:
            merge_symlink(sources, overwrite=overwrite)
            time.sleep(looptime)

    感谢@JacobVlijm 的链接和@sudodus 的帮助！

    • 1

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