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pa4080
Asked: 2018-03-05 07:00:27 +0800 CST

如何从 CLI 切换音频设备的音频输出？

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我正在尝试从命令行在我的视频卡的音频输出之间切换。我可以通过 GUI 设置来做到这一点，如图所示。如何以编程方式执行此操作？

在此处输入图像描述

图片上显示了两个音频设备，每个设备都有两个输出：

  • （绿色）设备 1 -具有两个输出的内置音频：

    • 数字输出
    • 耳机

  • （红色）设备 2 - NVidia GTX 660 的HDMI 音频控制器。视频卡上连接了两台显示器：

    • 第一台显示器是LG 电视，它连接到HDMI-0。

    • 第二台显示器是LG ULTRAWIDE，它连接到DVI-I-1。

所以我想通过命令行在红色输出（两个监视器）之间切换。在我的研究中，我发现的一切都是如何在音频设备（声卡）之间切换。我已经阅读了一些主题作为这些问题：

当第一台显示器LG电视| HDMI-0用作音频输出：

在此处输入图像描述

$ pactl list sinks short
8   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED
16  alsa_output.pci-0000_03_00.1.hdmi-stereo    module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   RUNNING

$ pacmd list-sinks | grep name:
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_03_00.1.hdmi-stereo>

当第二台显示器LG ULTRAWIDE | DVI-I-1用作音频输出：

在此处输入图像描述

$ pactl list sinks short
8   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED
17  alsa_output.pci-0000_03_00.1.hdmi-stereo-extra1 module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   RUNNING

$ pacmd list-sinks | grep name:
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_03_00.1.hdmi-stereo-extra1>

pacmd list-cards和的输出在此处pactl list cards提供。

您可以看到（在这种特殊情况下）我正在寻找一种在sink 16和之间切换的方法sink 17。但是当sink 16出现在 中时pactl list sinks，sink 17不会出现，反之亦然。我只能从 GUI 设置中切换它们。有没有办法通过命令行做到这一点？

pulseaudio command-line xorg desktop-environments

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    感谢与@Thomas的讨论，我意识到正确的 therms （关键词）是profile和card。在问题配置文件方面是输入和输出。这些卡是音频设备。接收器编号并不那么重要，但我们需要它们。

    pacmd list-cards我们可以通过命令或pactl list cards输出相同信息的命令找到每个卡名称的所有可用配置文件：

    $ pactl list cards

Card #0
    Name: alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0
    ...
    Profiles:
        input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 60, available: yes)
        output:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 6000, available: yes)
        output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Duplex (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 6060, available: yes)
        output:analog-surround-21: Analog Surround 2.1 Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 800, available: yes)
        ...
    Active Profile: output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
    ...

Card #1
    Name: alsa_card.pci-0000_03_00.1
    ...
    Profiles:
        output:hdmi-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5400, available: yes)
        output:hdmi-stereo-extra1: Digital Stereo (HDMI 2) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5200, available: yes)
        output:hdmi-surround-extra1: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI 2) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: yes)
        output:hdmi-surround71-extra1: Digital Surround 7.1 (HDMI 2) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 100, available: yes)
        ...
    Active Profile: output:hdmi-stereo
    ...

    可以通过命令设置某个配置文件，格式如下：

    pactl set-card-profile output:hdmi-stereo <card name|number> <profile name>

    根据提到的四个输出的问题，命令是：

    pactl set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_03_00.1 output:hdmi-stereo # LG ULTRAWIDE
pactl set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_03_00.1 output:hdmi-stereo-extra1 # LG TV
pactl set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0 output:iec958-stereo # Digital Output
pactl set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0 output:analog-stereo # Headphones

    如this answer所示，设置新配置文件后，接下来要做的事情是：

     pacmd set-default-sink <sink number of the target profile>
 pacmd move-sink-input "$i" <sink number of the target profile> 
 # where $i is the index number of any active input: pacmd list-sink-inputs

    根据我在问题中描述的需要，我创建了以下脚本：

    #!/bin/bash

# Name: /usr/local/bin/audioswitch
# Usage: audioswitch; audioswitch 1; audioswitch 2;  audioswitch 3; audioswitch 4

CARD_1="pci-0000_03_00.1"             ### HDMI Audio Controller of NVidia GTX 660
CARD_1_PROFILE_1="hdmi-stereo"          # LG ULTRAWIDE
CARD_1_PROFILE_2="hdmi-stereo-extra1"   # LG TV
CARD_0="pci-0000_00_1b.0"             ### Built-in Audio
CARD_0_PROFILE_1="iec958-stereo"        # Digital Output
CARD_0_PROFILE_2="analog-stereo"        # Headphones

# Read the user's input
CHOICE="${@}"
choice() {
    if   [ "$CHOICE" == 1 ]; then CARD="$CARD_1"; PROF="$CARD_1_PROFILE_1" # LG ULTRAWIDE
    elif [ "$CHOICE" == 2 ]; then CARD="$CARD_1"; PROF="$CARD_1_PROFILE_2" # LG TV
    elif [ "$CHOICE" == 3 ]; then CARD="$CARD_0"; PROF="$CARD_0_PROFILE_1" # Digital Output
    elif [ "$CHOICE" == 4 ]; then CARD="$CARD_0"; PROF="$CARD_0_PROFILE_2" # Headphones
    else
        echo -e "\nYou should choice between:"
        echo -e "\n\t[1] LG ULTRAWIDE\n\t[2] LG TV\n\t[3] Digital Output\n\t[4] Headphones\n"
        echo -n "Your choice: "; read CHOICE; echo; choice; # call the function again
    fi
}; choice # call the function

# Set the choosen card profile as sink
pactl set-card-profile "alsa_card.${CARD}" "output:${PROF}";

# Set the default sink to the new one
pacmd set-default-sink "alsa_output.${CARD}.${PROF}" &> /dev/null

# Redirect the existing inputs to the new sink
for i in $(pacmd list-sink-inputs | grep index | awk '{print $2}'); do
    pacmd move-sink-input "$i" "alsa_output.${CARD}.${PROF}" &> /dev/null
done

    该脚本已准备好与自定义键盘快捷键一起使用，因为它可以处理第一个位置参数的值 ( 1- 4)。当它在没有额外参数的情况下被调用时，它会询问您的选择：

    $ audioswitch 

You should choice between:

    [1] LG ULTRAWIDE
    [2] LG TV
    [3] Digital Output
    [4] Headphones

Your choice: 1
    • 12

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