注意：最初发布在 StackExchange 上。我不确定哪个位置更合适，如果重复导致问题，我深表歉意。
TL;DR：Time Machine 无法在我的共享驱动器上创建新备份，但可以添加到现有备份。
我正在运行 macOS Catalina，我的 Time Machine 使用 NetAtalk 和 Avahi 备份到 Debian 10 服务器。由于 Mavericks macOS 更喜欢 SMB，并且考虑到 SMB 稍微快一些，我决定改用 SMB 来获取 Time Machine 共享。在新的 AFP 共享上，我可以在“系统偏好设置”中启动新的 Time Machine 备份，它会创建一个新的 .sparseimage，而不会抱怨。
如果我使用完全相同的目录 (/usr/local/smb)、相同的权限等，并创建一个 samba 共享，当 Time Machine 尝试创建新备份时，它会给出错误：“Time Machine 无法完成备份到 SERVER.local。无法创建备份磁盘映像。”
如果我首先使用 AFP 连接到共享并进行初始备份，然后我可以连接 SMB 并添加后续增量备份而不会出错。我认为可能是权限问题，但出于调试目的，我将 /usr/local/smb 设置为 0777 并且仍然出现错误。
ls -la显示共享点的权限：
drwxrwxrwx 5 root smbusers 4096 Apr 3 12:35 smb
我在日志中发现以下可能有用的错误：
Failed to create '/Volumes/.timemachine/SERVER._smb._tcp.local/DDE06691-7411-41DD-8419-24FEFC21CE29/TimeMachine Set A - SMB/8E394711-7E3F-520B-800C-192D4F680177.sparsebundle', results: {
}, error: 13 Permission denied
afp.conf：
[Global]
; Global server settings
vol preset = default_for_all
log file = /var/log/netatalk.log
uam list = uams_dhx2.so,uams_clrtxt.so
save password = no
[default_for_all]
file perm = 0664
directory perm = 0774
cnid scheme = dbd
[Time Machine Set A - AFP]
path = /usr/local/smb
time machine = yes
vol size limit = 4000000
我正在使用这个 GitHub 中建议的一些 smb.conf 选项：https ://gist.github.com/ChloeTigre/4c2022c0d1a281deedba6f7539a2e3ae
smb.conf：
[global]
## Browsing/Identification ###
# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = WORKGROUP
wins support = yes
#### Debugging/Accounting ####
# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
max log size = 1000
# We want Samba to only log to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd}.
# Append syslog@1 if you want important messages to be sent to syslog too.
logging = file
# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
###MacOS compatability stuff
guest account = smbguest
min protocol = SMB2
map acl inherit = yes
vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
fruit:metadata = netatalk
fruit:model = MacSamba
fruit:posix_rename = yes
fruit:veto_appledouble = yes
durable handles = yes
kernel oplocks = no
kernel share modes =no
posix locking = no
smb2 leases = yes
#Turned off for testing compatability
#fruit:wipe_intentionally_left_blank_rfork = yes
#fruit:delete_empty_adfiles = yes
####### Authentication #######
# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller".
#
# Most people will want "standalone server" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
server role = standalone server
obey pam restrictions = yes
# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
unix password sync = yes
# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
pam password change = yes
# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user
######Security#######
security = user
valid users = @smbusers
username map = /etc/samba/users.map
guest ok = no
# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
usershare allow guests = yes
#======================= Share Definitions =======================
[TimeMachine Set A - SMB]
path = /usr/local/smb
comment = SMB Time Machine Destination Set A
browsable = yes
writeable = yes
create mode = 0664 #tried turning this off, no fix
directory mode = 0777 #tried turning this off, no fix
vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
fruit:aapl = yes
fruit:time machine = yes
#guest ok = yes
fruit:time machine max size = 3.9T #tried turning this off, no fix
inherit acls = yes
