我目前正在尝试获取k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.2容器上所有已安装的 debian 软件包 (dpkg) 的列表。
首先，我尝试dpkg -l在运行的容器中作为我的 kubernetes 集群的一部分执行，但出现以下错误。
dpkg-query: error: showing package list on pager subprocess returned error exit status 127
然后我也直接在 containerd 上尝试了该命令，nerdctl run -it k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.2 dpkg -l但得到了同样的错误。
是否可以通过修改一些设置来获取列表，或者有什么不同的方法？
我正在使用 LXD/LXC 在 Linux 主机上构建轻量级容器。
这些容器的唯一目的是托管“Dotnet 和 Dotnet 核心应用程序”
有一段时间我一直在使用 Ansible，但最近我发现我实际上可以将一个 init 脚本嵌入到容器配置的用户数据中，然后 cloud-init 会执行它。
这很棒，并且允许我设置一个给定的容器，其中包含它需要的包，除了一个问题。
微软
（我知道，我知道......保存笑话和诽谤:-D）
与大多数第 3 方软件包提供商不同，MS 将其全部添加的 deb 源和 GPG 密钥打包在一个独立的 dpkg 软件包文件中，该软件包文件未通过普通 repos 列出，因此基本上必须“wget”下载然后安装使用常规的 dpkg 命令。
现在，这就是我做事的方式：
#cloud-config
# apply updates using apt
package_update: true
package_upgrade: true
# set hostname
hostname: ****
fqdn: ****
manage_etc_hosts: true
# Install 3rd party software repos
# NOTE: This is done using run command due to the way microsoft distribute things using a raw dpkg
runcmd:
- [wget, "https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb", -O, /root/packages-microsoft-prod.deb]
- dpkg -i /root/packages-microsoft-prod.deb
- rm /root/packages-microsoft-prod.deb
- apt update
- apt-get install dotnet-sdk-3.1 -y
- apt-get install dotnet-sdk-5.0 -y
# Install standard packages
packages:
- apt-transport-https
- python3
- python-is-python3
- mc
- gnupg
- nginx
- git
# Add users
users:
- name: ****
ssh-authorized-keys:
- ssh-rsa **** rsa-key-BLAH
sudo: ['****']
groups: sudo
shell: /bin/bash
final_message:
- "Container initialisation complete."
关键部分是“runcmd”部分。
因为我使用的是“runcmd”，所以它在其他所有内容之后运行，包括我放入所有需要使用的标准包的正常包安装部分。
我最喜欢做的是安装 dpkg 文件，然后只需将要安装的包名称添加到普通包部分，例如
# Something here to download and install the dpkg
# Install standard packages
packages:
- apt-transport-https
- python3
- python-is-python3
- mc
- gnupg
- nginx
- git
- dotnet-sdk-3.1
- dotnet-sdk-5.0
我确实尝试只将那个位放在 runcmd 中，但因为它作为最后一步运行，它会导致包部分失败，因为没有安装 dotnet 的 repo。
我还尝试使用“Apt”模块，将“microsoft-prod.list”安装到“/etc/apt/sources.list.d”中，但这也失败了，因为 MS 没有发布他们的 GPG 密钥，另外由于它是不受信任的源，因此在执行 apt 更新时，源会导致失败。
我已经搜索了 cloud-init 的模块文档，但我找不到任何似乎表明可以下载和添加常规 dpkg 文件的内容，因此我在这里问:-)
我使用以下命令从 18.04 升级到 20.04：
do-release-upgrade
下载所有软件包后，它询问我是否要保留现有配置文件的版本。尝试退出文件时，我使用了 Ctrl + C，这导致整个更新过程中止。
在重新启动时，我用谷歌搜索并发现继续的方法是：
dpkg --configure -a
但是我相信大量的包裹完全坏了。我几乎尝试了所有我能找到的东西，包括：
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt autoclean
sudo apt-get install -f
我试图手动安装一些包，但每次它抱怨一些依赖于其他包的其他包时，它依赖于另一个包。
最重要的问题是“apt-get”命令根本无法继续执行，因为每次它都会以大约 100 个未满足的依赖项进行响应。
任何帮助表示赞赏。缺少完整的格式和重新安装 Ubuntu，我不知道该怎么办。
这是我使用“dpkg --configure -a”的输出：
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of hplip:
hplip depends on hplip-data (= 3.20.3+dfsg0-2); however:
Version of hplip-data on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
hplip depends on libhpmud0 (= 3.20.3+dfsg0-2); however:
Version of libhpmud0:amd64 on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
hplip depends on printer-driver-hpcups (= 3.20.3+dfsg0-2); however:
Version of printer-driver-hpcups on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
dpkg: error processing package hplip (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of rhythmbox-plugins:
rhythmbox-plugins depends on librhythmbox-core10 (= 3.4.4-1ubuntu2); however:
Version of librhythmbox-core10:amd64 on system is 3.4.2-4ubuntu1.
rhythmbox-plugins depends on rhythmbox (= 3.4.4-1ubuntu2); however:
Version of rhythmbox on system is 3.4.2-4ubuntu1.
rhythmbox-plugins depends on gir1.2-rb-3.0 (= 3.4.4-1ubuntu2); however:
Version of gir1.2-rb-3.0:amd64 on system is 3.4.2-4ubuntu1.
dpkg: error processing package rhythmbox-plugins (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libapt-pkg-perl:
libapt-pkg-perl depends on perl-base (>= 5.30.0-9build1); however:
Version of perl-base on system is 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.5.
libapt-pkg-perl depends on perlapi-5.30.0; however:
Package perlapi-5.30.0 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libapt-pkg-perl (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-tables-lib:
python3-tables-lib depends on libhdf5-103; however:
Package libhdf5-103 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-tables-lib (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64:
libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64 depends on libicu-le-hb0 (= 1.0.3+git180724-3build2); however:
Version of libicu-le-hb0:amd64 on system is 1.0.3+git161113-4.
dpkg: error processing package libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64:
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 depends on gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 (>= 2.40.0); however:
Version of gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0:amd64 on system is 2.36.11-2.
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 depends on gir1.2-pango-1.0 (>= 1.41.0); however:
Version of gir1.2-pango-1.0:amd64 on system is 1.40.14-1ubuntu0.1.
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 depends on libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.24.7); however:
Version of libgtk-3-0:amd64 on system is 3.22.30-1ubuntu4.
dpkg: error processing package gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib-object-introspection-perl:
libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.64.1-1~ubuntu20.04.1) breaks libglib-object-introspection-perl (<< 0.048-2~) and is installed.
Version of libglib-object-introspection-perl to be configured is 0.044-2.
dpkg: error processing package libglib-object-introspection-perl (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-brlapi:amd64:
python3-brlapi:amd64 depends on libbrlapi0.7; however:
Package libbrlapi0.7 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-brlapi:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gimp:
gimp depends on libgimp2.0 (>= 2.10.18); however:
Version of libgimp2.0 on system is 2.8.22-1.
gimp depends on gimp-data (>= 2.10.18); however:
Version of gimp-data on system is 2.8.22-1.
gimp depends on libgegl-0.4-0 (>= 0.4.22); however:
Package libgegl-0.4-0 is not installed.
gimp depends on libheif1 (>= 1.4.0); however:
Package libheif1 is not installed.
gimp depends on libilmbase24 (>= 2.3.0); however:
Package libilmbase24 is not installed.
gimp depends on libmypaint-1.5-1 (>= 1.5.0); however:
Package libmypaint-1.5-1 is not installed.
gimp depends on libopenexr24 (>= 2.3.0); however:
Package libopenexr24 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package gimp (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gnupg:
gnupg depends on gpgv (>= 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1); however:
Version of gpgv on system is 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.4.
dpkg: error processing package gnupg (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gpg-agent:
gpg-agent depends on init-system-helpers (>= 1.52); however:
Version of init-system-helpers on system is 1.51.
dpkg: error processing package gpg-agent (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64:
libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64 depends on libhdf5-103; however:
Package libhdf5-103 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-dev:
python3-dev depends on libpython3-dev (= 3.8.2-0ubuntu2); however:
Version of libpython3-dev:amd64 on system is 3.6.7-1~18.04.
python3-dev depends on python3.8-dev (>= 3.8.2-1~); however:
Package python3.8-dev is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libhdf5-dev:
libhdf5-dev depends on libhdf5-103 (= 1.10.4+repack-11ubuntu1); however:
Package libhdf5-103 is not installed.
libhdf5-dev depends on libhdf5-cpp-103 (= 1.10.4+repack-11ubuntu1); however:
Package libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libhdf5-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of aptitude:
aptitude depends on aptitude-common (= 0.8.12-1ubuntu4); however:
Package aptitude-common is not installed.
aptitude depends on libboost-iostreams1.71.0; however:
Package libboost-iostreams1.71.0 is not installed.
aptitude depends on libcwidget4 (>= 0.5.18-1); however:
Package libcwidget4 is not installed.
aptitude depends on libsigc++-2.0-0v5 (>= 2.8.0); however:
Package libsigc++-2.0-0v5 is not installed.
aptitude depends on libxapian30 (>= 1.4.14~); however:
Version of libxapian30:amd64 on system is 1.4.5-1ubuntu0.1.
dpkg: error processing package aptitude (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gpg-wks-server:
gpg-wks-server depends on gpg-agent (= 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1); however:
Package gpg-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package gpg-wks-server (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-tables:
python3-tables depends on python3-tables-lib (>= 3.6.1-2build1); however:
Package python3-tables-lib is not configured yet.
python3-tables depends on python3-tables-lib (<< 3.6.1-2build1.1~); however:
Package python3-tables-lib is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package python3-tables (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gpg-wks-client:
gpg-wks-client depends on gpg-agent (= 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1); however:
Package gpg-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package gpg-wks-client (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgjs0g:
libgjs0g depends on gir1.2-gtk-3.0 (>= 3.20); however:
Package gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 is not configured yet.
libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.64.1-1~ubuntu20.04.1) breaks libgjs0g (<< 1.58.1-2~) and is installed.
Version of libgjs0g to be configured is 1.52.5-0ubuntu18.04.1.
dpkg: error processing package libgjs0g (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-gi:
libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.64.1-1~ubuntu20.04.1) breaks python-gi (<< 3.34.0-4~) and is installed.
Version of python-gi to be configured is 3.26.1-2ubuntu1.
dpkg: error processing package python-gi (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-protobuf:
python3-protobuf depends on libprotobuf17; however:
Package libprotobuf17 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-protobuf (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-uno:
python3-uno depends on libreoffice-core (= 1:6.4.7-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) | libreoffice-core-nogui (= 1:6.4.7-0ubuntu0.20.04.1); however:
Version of libreoffice-core on system is 1:6.0.7-0ubuntu0.18.04.10.
Package libreoffice-core-nogui is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-cppu3 (>= 4.4.0~alpha); however:
Package libuno-cppu3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 (>= 5.3.0~alpha); however:
Package libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-sal3 (>= 5.4.0~alpha); however:
Package libuno-sal3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 (>= 3.6.0~beta); however:
Package libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on uno-libs-private; however:
Package uno-libs-private is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-uno (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libboost-mpi-python-dev:
libboost-mpi-python-dev depends on libboost-mpi-python1.71-dev; however:
Package libboost-mpi-python1.71-dev is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libboost-mpi-python-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libwayland-dev:amd64:
libwayland-dev:amd64 depends on libwayland-client0 (= 1.18.0-1); however:
Version of libwayland-client0:amd64 on system is 1.16.0-1ubuntu1.1~18.04.3.
libwayland-dev:amd64 depends on libwayland-egl1 (= 1.18.0-1); however:
Version of libwayland-egl1:amd64 on system is 1.16.0-1ubuntu1.1~18.04.3.
libwayland-dev:amd64 depends on libwayland-bin (= 1.18.0-1); however:
Version of libwayland-bin on system is 1.16.0-1ubuntu1.1~18.04.3.
dpkg: error processing package libwayland-dev:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of dirmngr:
dirmngr depends on init-system-helpers (>= 1.52); however:
Version of init-system-helpers on system is 1.51.
dpkg: error processing package dirmngr (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libyaml-libyaml-perl:
libyaml-libyaml-perl depends on perl (>= 5.30.0-9); however:
Version of perl on system is 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.5.
libyaml-libyaml-perl depends on perlapi-5.30.0; however:
Package perlapi-5.30.0 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libyaml-libyaml-perl (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libharfbuzz-dev:amd64:
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 depends on libharfbuzz0b (= 2.6.4-1ubuntu4); however:
Version of libharfbuzz0b:amd64 on system is 1.7.2-1ubuntu1.
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 depends on libharfbuzz-gobject0 (= 2.6.4-1ubuntu4); however:
Version of libharfbuzz-gobject0:amd64 on system is 1.7.2-1ubuntu1.
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 depends on gir1.2-harfbuzz-0.0 (= 2.6.4-1ubuntu4); however:
Version of gir1.2-harfbuzz-0.0:amd64 on system is 1.7.2-1ubuntu1.
dpkg: error processing package libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libsane-hpaio:amd64:
libsane-hpaio:amd64 depends on libhpmud0 (>= 3.20.3+dfsg0); however:
Version of libhpmud0:amd64 on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
dpkg: error processing package libsane-hpaio:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-h5py:
python3-h5py depends on libhdf5-openmpi-103 (>= 1.10.3); however:
Package libhdf5-openmpi-103 is not installed.
python3-h5py depends on python3-mpi4py; however:
Package python3-mpi4py is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-h5py (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
hplip
rhythmbox-plugins
libapt-pkg-perl
python3-tables-lib
libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64
libglib-object-introspection-perl
python3-brlapi:amd64
gimp
gnupg
gpg-agent
libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64
python3-dev
libhdf5-dev
aptitude
gpg-wks-server
python3-tables
gpg-wks-client
libgjs0g
python-gi
python3-protobuf
python3-uno
libboost-mpi-python-dev
libwayland-dev:amd64
dirmngr
libyaml-libyaml-perl
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64
libsane-hpaio:amd64
python3-h5py
最终目标是：为一系列服务器安全地安装给定的软件包。
我们的服务器在不同的云数据中心上运行。我们将我们的应用程序作为deb文件安装在它们上面。deb目前，我们通过 ansible 脚本将更新作为文件上传。这很慢，因为“主”节点需要更新所有机器。
我们认为如果我们可以sudo apt update <package>为每个节点发布会更好。
但是安全呢？回购服务器需要在互联网上。
因此，我们需要确保软件包安全安装。
deb文件可以签名，但 afaikdpkg-verify只验证签名是否正确。因此，恶意但正确签名的包将通过验证检查。
我们也可以
deb）只要不损害安全性，另一种方法是可以接受的。
我在 ProtonMail 有一个 PRO 帐户，我想将它用于我的网络服务器。我在这里找到了一个教程：
https://pychao.com/2018/10/13/use-protonmail-bridge-on-headless-linux-machines/#comment-6612
在我的服务器上，我尝试了以下命令行：
$ sudo apt install pass
$ wget -c https://protonmail.com/download/protonmail-bridge_1.2.7-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i protonmail-bridge_1.2.7-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install protonmail-bridge
但我遇到错误：
ubuntu@www-example-com ~ $ sudo dpkg -i protonmail-bridge_1.2.7-1_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package protonmail-bridge.
(Reading database ... 105245 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack protonmail-bridge_1.2.7-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking protonmail-bridge (1.2.7-1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of protonmail-bridge:
protonmail-bridge depends on qt5-default; however:
Package qt5-default is not installed.
protonmail-bridge depends on libqt5designer5; however:
Package libqt5designer5 is not installed.
protonmail-bridge depends on libqt5multimediawidgets5; however:
Package libqt5multimediawidgets5 is not installed.
protonmail-bridge depends on libqt5quickwidgets5; however:
Package libqt5quickwidgets5 is not installed.
protonmail-bridge depends on libpulse-mainloop-glib0; however:
Package libpulse-mainloop-glib0 is not installed.
protonmail-bridge depends on libsecret-1-0; however:
Package libsecret-1-0 is not installed.
protonmail-bridge depends on ttf-dejavu; however:
Package ttf-dejavu is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package protonmail-bridge (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
protonmail-bridge
和 ：
ubuntu@www-example-com ~ $ sudo apt install protonmail-bridge
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
protonmail-bridge is already the newest version (1.2.7-1).
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
protonmail-bridge : Depends: qt5-default but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5designer5 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5multimediawidgets5 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt5quickwidgets5 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpulse-mainloop-glib0 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libsecret-1-0 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: ttf-dejavu but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
如何在 Ubuntu Server 20.04 上安装 ProtonMail？
我想在使用dpkg.
到目前为止，我使用dpkg -l.
但它有一个缺点：对结果进行排序没有意义。
头：
root@aptguettler:~# LANG=C dpkg-query -l| sort | head
+++-===========================================================-=================================================-============-================================================================================
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
ii a11y-profile-manager-indicator 0.1.10-0ubuntu3 amd64 Accessibility Profile Manager - Unity desktop indicator
尾巴：
root@aptguettler:~# LANG=C dpkg-query -l| sort | tail
rc texlive-publishers-doc 2015.20160320-1 all TeX Live: Documentation files for texlive-publishers
rc texlive-science 2015.20160320-1 all TeX Live: Natural and computer sciences
rc texlive-science-doc 2015.20160320-1 all TeX Live: Documentation files for texlive-science
rc tpconfig 3.1.3-15 amd64 touchpad device configuration utility
rc ttf-indic-fonts-core 1:0.5.14ubuntu1 all Core collection of free fonts for languages of India
rc ttf-punjabi-fonts 1:0.5.14ubuntu1 all Free TrueType fonts for the Punjabi language
rc unity-lens-friends 0.1.3+14.04.20140317-0ubuntu1 amd64 Friends scope for unity
rc webaccounts-extension-common 0.5-0ubuntu2.14.04.1 amd64 Ubuntu Online Accounts browser extension - common files
rc xfonts-mathml 6ubuntu1 all Type1 Symbol font for MathML
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
我通过etckeeper（Related question with answer log hwinfo output with etckeeper）保留了这个输出的历史。
以下是我想改进的地方：
ii）应删除或出现在末尾。基于 rpm 的系统rpm -qa完全符合我的需要。
/etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini 文件在 Ubuntu 16.04 上来自哪里？
dpkg -S /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
什么都不返回。
dpkg -S /etc/php/7.0/apache2/
显示目录是libapache2-mod-php7.0包安装的，但是
dpkg-query -L libapache2-mod-php7.0
没有提到“php.ini”。我猜这个文件是在安装后过程中复制的。有没有办法确定哪个软件包安装正在创建这个文件？
如何在使用救援模式时从挂载到 /mnt/ 的 debian 设置中获取已安装软件包的列表？
场景：服务器崩溃，只能使用救援模式。设置新服务器，使用 rsync 将数据从旧服务器迁移到新服务器。
但是如何在新服务器上安装旧服务器上安装的所有软件包（是的，仅限救援模式）？
谢谢！
我正在设置一个 Web 服务器，它为 Windows、Mac OS X 和 Linux 上的客户端应用程序打包和托管不同的安装程序。
我正在使用 EC2，所以我使用 Amazon Linux 作为我的基本映像。
我的重新打包工作正常，可以创建 Windows、Mac OS X 和基于 RPM 的安装程序，但是我在 Amazon Linux 包存储库中找不到dpkg-buildpackage任何地方，所以我目前无法为我们的 Debian 和基于 Ubuntu 的客户端创建安装程序.
我尝试搜索dpkg-buildpackage源代码，但这是一个令人担忧的搜索词：我发现的只是人们询问有关使用dpkg-buildpackage从源代码构建事物的问题，而不是构建工具本身的源代码。
如何dpkg-buildpackage在 Amazon Linux 上安装以便创建.deb安装程序？
我正在使用的命令行是
dpkg --force-not-root --root /some/other/location -i the_package.deb
但我得到一个错误
dpkg: could not open log '/var/log/dpkg.log': Permission denied
我本来希望日志被写入
/some/other/location/var/log/dpkg.log
使用 rpm 你可以生成一个备用数据库，但我不知道如何使用 dpkg 来做到这一点。为了达到上述状态，我手动添加（也许不是最明智的方法）以下内容。
mkdir -p /some/other/location/var/lib/dpkg/updates
mkdir -p /some/other/location/var/lib/dpkg/triggers
mkdir -p /some/other/location/var/lib/dpkg/info
touch /some/other/location/var/lib/dpkg/status
touch /some/other/location/var/lib/dpkg/available
如果我尝试以 root 身份运行，在这种情况下我不希望这样做
sudo dpkg --force-not-root --root /some/other/location -i the_package.deb
它走得更远并将deb安装在我的备用位置，但随后失败
dpkg (subprocess): unable to execute installed post-installation script (/var/lib/dpkg/info/the_package.postinst): No such file or directory
但是这个文件已经由上面的 dpkg 命令写入
/some/other/location/var/lib/dpkg/info/the_package.postinst
我不使用机器 dpkg 数据库的原因是，这是一个安装到网络驱动器上的应用程序软件，可供许多用户使用。也许只是提取包的内容并手动安装是最好的方法。特定软件包没有列出任何外部依赖项。
Debian 'dpkg' 包管理程序版本 1.18.2 (amd64)