Postfix 在特定端口上接受邮件

Question

Wisdom

Asked: 2017-10-18 00:49:04 +0800 CST2017-10-18 00:49:04 +0800 CST 2017-10-18 00:49:04 +0800 CST

无法在 Postfix 上中继从外部 IP 访问它

772

我认为对于 postfix 专家来说，这个问题是小菜一碟，但是在花了几天时间尝试为私人用户使用我自己的服务器之后，我没有想法了。

我可以在我的网络中：

从 LAN -> DMZ -> WAN 发送电子邮件从 WAN -> DMZ -> LAN 接收电子邮件

例子：

在 LAN 上，我可以连接 DMZ 内的邮件服务器，将邮件发送到 Gmail、Yahoo、Hotmail 等...

我可以将电子邮件发送到我拥有的其他域，例如 domain2、domain3 等...

我可以接收所有电子邮件。

我可以回复所有电子邮件。

我无法从外部来源发送电子邮件，例如：

4G -> WAN -> DMZ（从这一点我可以阅读电子邮件）但是，当我尝试发送时，出现很多关于拒绝访问、禁止中继等的错误......

在我的内部网络之外，在第二种情况下使用 4G 智能手机进行连接，我得到：

我可以接收所有电子邮件。

我无法回复电子邮件。

我无法发送电子邮件。

从我当前的设置中，访问 LAN / DMZ 之外的错误（例如从智能手机连接和验证 4G）是：

Oct 17 06:06:04 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: connect from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395
Oct 17 06:06:04 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395: 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<[100.64.250.167]>
Oct 17 06:06:24 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: lost connection after DATA from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395
Oct 17 06:06:24 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[20879]: disconnect from unknown[138.0.151.15]:52395 ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 commands=4/6

我目前的 master.cf 是：

#
# Postfix master process configuration file.  For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (no)    (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp        inet    n   -   n   -   -   smtpd
     -o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings
#    -o smtpd_client_connect_count_limit=100
#    -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
     -o smtp_tls_security_level=may
# SSL 465
smtps       inet    n   -   n   -   -   smtpd
#    -o smtpd_client_connect_count_limit=10
     -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
     -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
     -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
     -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_auth_destinations,reject
#smtp       inet    n   -   n   -   1   postscreen
#smtpd      pass    -   -   n   -   -   smtpd
dnsblog     unix    -   -   n   -   0   dnsblog
tlsproxy    unix    -   -   n   -   0   tlsproxy

# TLS 587
submission  inet    n   -   n   -   -   smtpd
     -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
     -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
     -o smtpd_etrn_restrictions=reject
     -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
     -o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings
     -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
     -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_auth_destination,reject


#  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
#  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#  -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
     -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps      inet    n   -   n   -   -   smtpd
#  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
#  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
#  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628        inet    n   -   n   -   -   qmqpd
pickup      unix    n   -   n   60  1   pickup
cleanup     unix    n   -   n   -   0   cleanup
qmgr        unix    n   -   n   300 1   qmgr
#qmgr       unix    n   -   n   300 1   oqmgr
tlsmgr      unix    -   -   n   1000?   1   tlsmgr
rewrite     unix    -   -   n   -   -   trivial-rewrite
bounce      unix    -   -   n   -   0   bounce
defer       unix    -   -   n   -   0   bounce
trace       unix    -   -   n   -   0   bounce
verify      unix    -   -   n   -   1   verify
flush       unix    n   -   n   1000?   0   flush
proxymap    unix    -   -   n   -   -   proxymap
proxywrite  unix    -   -   n   -   1   proxymap
smtp        unix    -   -   n   -   -   smtp
relay       unix    -   -   n   -   -   smtp
#   -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq       unix    n   -   n   -   -   showq
error       unix    -   -   n   -   -   error
retry       unix    -   -   n   -   -   error
discard     unix    -   -   n   -   -   discard
local       unix    -   n   n   -   -   local
virtual     unix    -   n   n   -   -   virtual
lmtp        unix    -   -   n   -   -   lmtp
anvil       unix    -   -   n   -   1   anvil
scache      unix    -   -   n   -   1   scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent.  See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#maildrop   unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
#   lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
#  mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#  virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus      unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus  unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp       unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
#ifmail     unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp      unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix -       n       n       -       2       pipe
#  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
#  ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman    unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
#  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
#  ${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot     unix    -   n   n   -   -   pipe
    flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/libexec/dovecot-lda -f ${sender} -a ${recipient} -d ${user}@{nexthop}

amavisd-new unix    -   -   n   -   2   lmtp
     -o lmtp_data_done_timeout=1200s
     -o lmtp_send_xforward_command=yes
     -o disable_dns_lookups=yes
     -o max_use=20

127.0.0.1:10025 inet    n   -   n   -   -   smtpd
     -o content_filter=
     -o local_recipient_maps=
     -o relay_recipient_maps=
     -o smtpd_restriction_classes=
     -o smtpd_delay_reject=no
     -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
     -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
     -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
     -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
     -o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
     -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
     -o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes

我当前的 main.cf 是：

compatibility_level = 2
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/local/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/db/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
myhostname = mail.$mydomain
mydomain = mywebsite.com
myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/24, 192.168.0.0/24
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
recipient_delimiter = +
mail_spool_directory = /usr/local/vhosts
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
debug_peer_level = 3
sendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
newaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailq
setgid_group = maildrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
sample_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfix
readme_directory = no
inet_protocols = all

# Authentication
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
#smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = plain, login

# Forbids anonymous and plaintext authentication mechanisms over an 
# unencrypted transport layer
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous, noplaintext, noactive, nodictionary
# Allows plaintext mechanisms when talking to the server with TLS
smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous

smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth

smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-sender-logins-maps.cf
lmtp_tls_fingerprint_digest = sha1
local_header_rewrite_clients = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated

# Virtual mailboxes
local_transport = virtual
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /usr/local/vhosts
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
mailbox_size_limit = 0
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0

# The maximal size in bytes of a message, including envelope 
# information.
message_size_limit = 104857600

# The maximal number of recipients per message for the smtp message 
# delivery transport.
smtp_destination_recipient_limit = 10

# How many simultaneous connections any remote SMTP client is 
# allowed to have
smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 10

# The maximal number of message delivery requests that any client is 
# allowed to make to this server per time unit.
smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 25

# Limit the number of times RSET can be used
smtpd_junk_command_limit = 1

# Limit number of destination address per message
smtpd_recipient_limit = 50

# Decrease the client limit for sending the HOor EHLO command
smtp_helo_timeout = 60s

always_add_missing_headers = yes
biff = no
enable_long_queue_ids = yes

###### Restrictions 2

# Require HELO or EHLO before commencing a MAIL transaction - RFC 821
smtpd_helo_required = yes

# Disable the SMTPD VRFY command
# Reduces chance of spammer look for valid address
postscreen_disable_vrfy_command = yes
disable_vrfy_command = yes

# Disable rewrite from user%domain to user@domain
allow_percent_hack = no

# Disable rewrite from site!user to user@site
swap_bangpath = no

###### Slowdown Bad Clients

# The maximal number of errors code 500 a remote client is allowed to 
# make without delivering mail.
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 3

# The maximal number or errors code 400, server will delay all responses 
# using the value from smtpd_error_sleep_time
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 1

# Server response delay in seconds  after errors
smtpd_error_sleep_time = 20

# Mime Header Checks
mime_header_checks = pcre:${config_directory}/mime_header_checks

# Amavis
content_filter = amavisd-new:[127.0.0.1]:10024

###### Restrictions
smtpd_relay_restrictions =  permit_mynetworks
                permit_sasl_authenticated
                reject_unauth_destination
                defer_unauth_destination
                permit

smtpd_recipient_restrictions =  permit_mynetworks,
                permit_sasl_authenticated,
                reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
                reject_non_fqdn_sender,
                reject_unknown_sender_domain,
                reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
#               check_recipient_access pcre:${config_directory}/recipient_checks.pcre,
                reject_unauth_destination,
                reject_unauth_pipelining,
# Old versions of Microsoft Outlook only send local hostname.
                reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
                reject_invalid_hostname,
                check_helo_access pcre:${config_directory}/helo_checks.pcre,
                check_sender_mx_access cidr:${config_directory}/bogus_mx,
#               reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,
                reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,
# Blocking Google Mails.
#               reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net,
#DNS StUFF site
#               reject_unverified_sender,
                permit

smtpd_data_restrictions =   reject_multi_recipient_bounce
#               reject_unauth_pipelining
#               permit

masquerade_domains = $mydomain
masquerade_exceptions = root mailer-daemon
notify_classes = data protocol resource software

show_user_unknown_table_name = no
smtp_dns_support_level = enabled

# TLS Settings
smtp_enforce_tls = yes
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes

# Mandatory (high-grade) TLS encryption
#smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
# Allow servers from Internet without encryption devliver mail
# Configurado no master.cf
smtpd_tls_security_level = may

smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1
smtpd_tls_protocols = TLSv1.2

smtp_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high


smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high

smtpd_tls_eecdh_grade = ultra
tls_eecdh_strong_curve = prime256v1
tls_eecdh_ultra_curve = secp384r1

smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtp_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK
smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = CAMELLIA SEED IDEA RC2 RC4 kSRP kGOST kECDHr kECDHe kDHr kDHd aDSS aPSK aNULL aECDH eNULL EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA KRB5-DES CBC3-SHA SHA MEDIUM LOW EXPORT DES MD5 PSK

smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file = ${config_directory}/dh_2048_params.pem

smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 6h

smtp_tls_fingerprint_digest = sha1
smtpd_tls_fingerprint_digest = sha1

smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname, nexthop, dot-nexthop
smtp_tls_secure_cert_match = nexthop

smtp_tls_loglevel = 0
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 0
smtpd_client_port_logging = yes

smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/cert.pem
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/cert.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/mail.mywebsite.com.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/mywebsite.com.privatekey

smtpd_tls_received_header = yes

openssl_path = /usr/local/bin/openssl
tls_daemon_random_bytes = 64
tls_high_cipherlist = ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
tls_medium_cipherlist = EECDH+ECDSA+CHACHA20 EECDH+CHACHA20 EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+AES256 EECDH+AES256 EECDH+ECDSA+AES128 EECDH+AES128 EECDH+ECDSA+3DES EECDH+3DES EDH+CHACHA20 EDH+AESGCM EDH+AES256 EDH+AES128 EDH+3DES
tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes
tls_random_bytes = 64
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/random
tls_ssl_options = NO_COMPRESSION

我在 FreeBSD 10.3 上，对设置邮件服务器一无所知，买了一本旧书：No Starch Press - The Book of Postfix，但它太过时了......然后经过许多教程，几乎完成了我的电子邮件服务器。

我的第二个问题是在类似邮件的情况下内部传递丢失，例如：

联系人@domain1.com 联系人@domain2.com

只有一个域收到消息...

我也有鸽舍设置，差不多，呵呵

如果有人能帮我指出正确的方向，我将不胜感激，已经尝试过 stackExchange 的解决方案但没有运气。

如果我在 relay_domains 上使用 SQL 设置我的域，我的服务器在在线测试中失败，说现在是一个开放的中继......

例如，更改 main.cf：

relay_domains = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/ntsql-virtual-domains.cf

然后我可以从我的 4G 智能手机发送邮件，日志只是警告不要使用相同的域名两次，在relay_domains和virtual_mailbox_domains.

3 个回答

Voted

sborsky · Answer 1 · 2017-10-18T07:10:34+08:00

sborsky

2017-10-18T07:10:34+08:002017-10-18T07:10:34+08:00

尝试reject_non_fqdn_hostname在smtpd_recipient_restrictions.

在您的main.cf,smtpd_recipient_restrictions包含reject_non_fqdn_hostname（指客户在期间指定的客户名称HELO）和smtpd_helo_required = yes. HELO在记录的情况下来自客户端的行：helo=<[100.64.250.167]>，这不是 FQDN，因此应该根据您的配置被拒绝。

1

USD Matt · Answer 2 · 2017-10-18T07:32:52+08:00

Best Answer

USD Matt

2017-10-18T07:32:52+08:002017-10-18T07:32:52+08:00

看起来您至少尝试过使 SASL 工作，但看起来产生错误的客户端并没有尝试进行身份验证。我建议确保 smtp 身份验证工作，确认客户端配置为进行身份验证，然后从那里开始。

您可以通过使用 openssl 客户端连接到 smtp 提交端口并发送auth login命令来手动测试 smtp 身份验证。

openssl s_client -connect localhost:587 -starttls smtp -ign_eof
.....
250 SMTPUTF8
auth login (<-- send login command)
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
ABCDEF01234 (<-- base64 encoded username)
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
ABCDEF01234 (<-- base64 encoded password)
235 2.7.0 Authentication successful
quit (<-- disconnect)
221 2.0.0 Bye

1

user728650 · Answer 3 · 2018-05-23T09:39:57+08:00

user728650

2018-05-23T09:39:57+08:002018-05-23T09:39:57+08:00

我们有一个类似的问题，即从 LAN 内连接时 postfix 工作正常。但是，一旦您将设备切换到外部网络，邮件就根本不会发送。原来这是 IPv6 与 IPv4 的问题。一旦我们将后缀设置更改为仅使用 IPv4，一切就开始正常工作了。

在 linux 服务器 [centos] 上，您可以设置如下

#inet_protocols=all <-- comment this line
inet_protocols=ipv4 <-- add this value

在 /etc/postfix/main.cf 文件中。Ubuntu 也应该有一些类似的文件要更新。

-1

无法在 Postfix 上中继从外部 IP 访问它

新安装后 postgres 的默认超级用户用户名/密码是什么？

SFTP 使用什么端口？

命令行列出 Windows Active Directory 组中的用户？

什么是 Pem 文件，它与其他 OpenSSL 生成的密钥文件格式有何不同？

如何确定bash变量是否为空？

无法在 Postfix 上中继从外部 IP 访问它

3 个回答

相关问题