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Accepted
Rolf
Asked: 2017-04-03 14:09:48 +0800 CST

为什么“apt-get autoremove sendmail”会留下依赖关系？

  • 772

我注意到安装 sendmail，然后卸载它，使用 apt-get 会留下许多不需要的文件。

sudo apt-get install sendmail
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  liblockfile-bin liblockfile1 make procmail sendmail-base sendmail-bin
  sendmail-cf sensible-mda
Suggested packages:
  make-doc sendmail-doc rmail logcheck resolvconf sasl2-bin
Recommended packages:
  default-mta mail-transport-agent fetchmail
The following NEW packages will be installed:
      liblockfile-bin liblockfile1 make procmail sendmail sendmail-base
      sendmail-bin sendmail-cf sensible-mda
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 2256 kB of archives.
After this operation, 5263 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

所以我们安装了 sendmail - 9 个新包和 5.2MB。
几分钟后，我改变了主意，想卸载它。没问题，apt-get 让我满意，对吧？我清除（删除包和包配置文件）：

sudo apt-get purge sendmail
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  procmail sensible-mda
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  sendmail*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 219 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

然后autoremove（删除自动安装的包依赖）

sudo apt-get autoremove sendmail
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'sendmail' is not installed, so not removed
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  procmail sensible-mda
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 550 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 24702 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing sensible-mda (8.14.4-8+deb8u1) ...
Removing procmail (3.22-24) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ...

即 219 + 550 = 769KB 已恢复！我刚刚释放了 4.something MB 的空间吗？为了什么？

仔细查看输出后，似乎 apt-get 仅删除了之前自动安装的 3 个软件包。例如，软件包 sendmail-base 仍然存在：

sudo apt-get remove sendmail-base
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  sendmail-base sendmail-bin
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 2464 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

所以我浪费了一些空间。但是为什么还安装了这些自动安装的依赖呢？

debian

1 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    sendmail 是一个包含一组依赖项的元包。当您安装 sendmail 元包时，它会安装 sendmail-bin 等。这为 cron 提供了一个推荐的包，例如，但我相信在 sendmail 依赖链中也有一些其他的包推荐包。

    Autoremove 不会删除其他软件包推荐的自动软件包。例如，您可以通过添加此 apt 配置来更改此行为/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99_norec

    APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant "false";
APT::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant "false";

    然后运行apt-get remove --auto-remove sendmail​​，您应该会看到所有与 sendmail 相关的包都被标记为删除，以及一些其他不相关的东西，由于 apt 配置的整体变化，这些东西现在是删除的候选对象。

    不过，我认为不建议这样做（没有双关语）。如果您需要摆脱它们，您应该手动处理它们。

    • 7

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