outlook.com
有时,电子邮件在发送给使用该系统作为其电子邮件服务器的收件人时无法通过。他们的 MX 记录解析得很好,但他们的 A 记录(类似于example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
)超时。
在这里使用sendmail
,我不是专家。我继承了配置,对设置了解不多。我知道的一件事是它已经多年没有被编辑过,也没有任何问题的迹象。
我不知道是不是故意的,但是dig example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
15秒后响应超时,然后再挖成功。
我们正在使用我们自己的 BIND DNS 服务器进行缓存,该服务器至少在很长一段时间内都没有重新配置。
看来我们的 sendmail 系统在得到 host not found for 后放弃了example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
。发生这种永久性故障是否合适?是否应该改为暂时失败?标准是什么?是outlook.com 错了还是我们的sendmail 错了?
编辑
供您参考,以下是来自 的相关日志条目maillog
,敏感信息被屏蔽example.com
代表接收服务器,example.net
代表我们自己的domain
。
Jun 16 09:28:28 myhostname sendmail[8613]: [ID 801593 mail.info] s5GDSOZ4008613: from=websusr, size=16975, class=0, nrcpts=2, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=websusr@localhost
Jun 16 09:28:28 myhostname sendmail[8617]: [ID 801593 mail.info] s5GDSSIP008617: from=<[email protected]>, size=17222, class=0, nrcpts=2, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Jun 16 09:28:28 myhostname sendmail[8613]: [ID 801593 mail.info] s5GDSOZ4008613: to="John Doe" <[email protected]>, ctladdr=websusr (60001/60001), delay=00:00:04, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=76975, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (s5GDSSIP008617 Message accepted for delivery)
Jun 16 09:32:09 myhostname sendmail[8618]: [ID 801593 mail.info] s5GDSSIP008617: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (60001/60001), delay=00:03:41, xdelay=00:03:40, mailer=esmtp, pri=77440, relay=example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com., dsn=5.1.2, stat=Host unknown (Name server: example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com.: host not found)
Jun 16 09:32:09 myhostname sendmail[8618]: [ID 801593 mail.info] s5GDSSIP008617: s5GDW9IP008618: DSN: Host unknown (Name server: example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com.: host not found)
也是dig
截至目前的输出,虽然目前问题没有发生,但它允许您查看mx
记录。
>dig example.com mx
; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> example.com mx
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1448
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;example.com. IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
example.com. 3461 IN MX 0 example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com.
example.com. 3461 IN MX 10 example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
example.com. 86261 IN NS ns1.example.org.
example.com. 86261 IN NS ns2.example.org.
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.0.109#53(10.0.0.109)
;; WHEN: Thu Jul 3 09:32:08 2014
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 215
>dig example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1734
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 6
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com. 10 IN A 207.46.163.170
example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com. 10 IN A 207.46.163.215
example-com.mail.protection.outlook.com. 10 IN A 207.46.163.138
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
mail.protection.outlook.com. 1800 IN NS ns1-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com.
mail.protection.outlook.com. 1800 IN NS ns2-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.100.42
ns1-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.143
ns1-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.176
ns2-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.176
ns2-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.100.42
ns2-proddns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.143
;; Query time: 464 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.0.109#53(10.0.0.109)
;; WHEN: Thu Jul 3 09:33:30 2014
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 276
>dig example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com
; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 940
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 12
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com. 10 IN A 207.46.163.138
example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com. 10 IN A 207.46.163.170
example-com.mail.eo.outlook.com. 10 IN A 207.46.163.247
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
mail.eo.outlook.com. 5450 IN NS ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com.
mail.eo.outlook.com. 5450 IN NS ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 157.55.234.42
ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 157.56.112.42
ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.100.42
ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.143
ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.176
ns1-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 65.55.169.42
ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 65.55.169.42
ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 157.55.234.42
ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 157.56.112.42
ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.100.42
ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.143
ns2-prodeodns.glbdns.o365filtering.com. 30 IN A 207.46.163.176
;; Query time: 248 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.0.109#53(10.0.0.109)
;; WHEN: Thu Jul 3 09:33:45 2014
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 368
>
如果 DNS 解析只是超时并且根本没有从 DNS 服务器返回响应,或者返回是 SERVFAIL,则应该将消息排队并稍后再试。
如果 DNS 解析返回 NXDOMAIN(名称不存在),则应该立即返回该消息。
请参阅RFC 5321,第 5.1 节:
在您的情况下,您应该查看您的 DNS 服务器出现间歇性故障的原因。您还应该检查 sendmail 的日志,以准确了解它在尝试进行 DNS 解析时所看到的内容。