主页 / server / 问题 / 550653
Accepted
TheCleaner
Asked: 2013-11-05 11:50:53 +0800 CST

Windows DHCP 服务器 - 当未加入 AD 的设备获得 IP 地址时收到通知

  • 772

设想

将其简化为最简单的示例：

我有一个具有 DHCP 服务器角色的 Windows 2008 R2 标准 DC​​。它通过各种 IPv4 范围分发 IP，没有问题。

我想要什么

每当设备获得 DHCP 地址租约并且该设备不是Active Directory 中加入域的计算机时，我想要一种创建通知/事件日志条目/类似的方法。是否是自定义 Powershell 等对我来说并不重要。

底线 =我想要一种方法来知道非域设备何时在网络上而不使用 802.1X。 我知道这不会考虑静态 IP 设备。我确实有可以扫描网络并查找设备的监控软件，但它的细节并不是那么精细。

研究完成/考虑的选项

我看不到内置日志记录的任何此类可能性。

是的，我知道 802.1X 并且有能力在这个位置长期实施它，但我们离这样的项目还有一段时间，虽然这可以解决网络身份验证问题，但这对我在外面仍然有帮助802.1X 目标。

我四处寻找一些可能被证明有用的脚本位等，但我发现的东西让我相信我的 google-fu 目前让我失望了。

我相信下面的逻辑是合理的（假设没有一些现有的解决方案）：

  1. 设备收到 DHCP 地址
  2. 记录事件日志条目（DHCP 审核日志中的事件 ID 10 应该可以工作（因为我最感兴趣的是新租约，而不是续订）：http ://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library /dd759178.aspx )
  3. 在这一点上，某种脚本可能必须接管下面剩余的“步骤”。
  4. 以某种方式查询这些事件 ID 10 的这个 DHCP 日志（我很想推，但我猜拉是这里唯一的办法）
  5. 解析查询以获取分配新租约的设备名称
  6. 在 AD 中查询设备名称
  7. 如果在 AD 中找不到，请发送通知电子邮件

如果有人对如何正确执行此操作有任何想法，我将不胜感激。我不是在寻找“给我代码”，而是想知道是否有上述列表的替代品，或者我是否想清楚并且存在另一种收集此信息的方法。如果您有想要共享的代码片段/PS 命令来帮助完成此任务，那就更好了。

active-directory

4 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    非常感谢 ErikE 和这里的其他人，我已经走上了一条道路……我不会说这是正确的道路，但我想出的 Powershell 脚本可以解决问题。

    如果有人想要，代码如下。只需手动运行它指向每个 DHCP 服务器或安排它（再次指向脚本中的每个 DHCP 服务器）。

    脚本的作用：

    1. 从 DHCP 服务器获取租约信息（ipv4 租约）
    2. 将租约输出到 csv 文件
    3. 读回该 CSV 文件以查询 AD
    4. 查询计算机的 AD
    5. 如果未找到输出到新的 txt 文件
    6. 从上面 #5 中创建的文件创建一个唯一的列表最终 txt 文件（因为如果客户端注册不止一次或使用多个适配器，则可能存在欺骗）
    7. 将最终输出文件的内容通过电子邮件发送给管理员

    你需要什么：

    该脚本使用 AD 模块 ( import-module activedirectory)，因此最好在运行 DHCP 的 AD DC 上运行。如果您不是这种情况，您可以安装 AD powershell 模块：http: //blogs.msdn.com/b/rkramesh/archive/2012/01/17/how-to-add-active-directory-模块在-powershell-in-windows-7.aspx

    您还需要在此处找到 Quest 的 AD Powershell cmdlet： http ://www.quest.com/powershell/activeroles-server.aspx 。 在运行脚本之前安装这些，否则它将失败。

    脚本本身（经过清理，您需要设置一些变量以满足您的需要，例如输入文件名、要连接的域、要连接的 dhcp 服务器、接近尾声的电子邮件设置等）：

    # Get-nonADclientsOnDHCP.ps1

# Author : TheCleaner http://serverfault.com/users/7861/thecleaner with a big thanks for a lot of the lease grab code to Assaf Miron on code.google.com

# Description : This Script grabs the current leases on a Windows DHCP server, outputs it to a csv
# then takes that csv file as input and determines if the lease is from a non-AD joined computer.  It then emails
# an administrator notification.  Set it up on a schedule of your choosing in Task Scheduler.
# This helps non-802.1X shops keep track of rogue DHCP clients that aren't part of the domain.

#

# Input : leaselog.csv

# Output: Lease log = leaselog.csv
# Output: Rogue Clients with dupes = RogueClients.txt
# Output: Rogue Clients - unique = RogueClientsFinal.txt

$DHCP_SERVER = "PUT YOUR SERVER NAME OR IP HERE" # The DHCP Server Name

$LOG_FOLDER = "C:\DHCP" # A Folder to save all the Logs

# Create Log File Paths

$LeaseLog = $LOG_FOLDER+"\LeaseLog.csv"

#region Create Scope Object

# Create a New Object

$Scope = New-Object psobject

# Add new members to the Object

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Address" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "State" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$Scope | Add-Member noteproperty "LeaseDuration" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$Scope.Address = @()

$Scope.Mask = @()

$Scope.State = @()

$Scope.Name = @()

$Scope.LeaseDuration = @()

#endregion


#region Create Lease Object

# Create a New Object

$LeaseClients = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Expires" ""

$LeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Type" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$LeaseClients.IP = @()

$LeaseClients.Name = @()

$LeaseClients.MAC = @()

$LeaseClients.Mask = @()

$LeaseClients.Expires = @()

$LeaseClients.Type = @()

#endregion


#region Create Reserved Object

# Create a New Object

$LeaseReserved = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$LeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$LeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

# Create Each Member in the Object as an Array

$LeaseReserved.IP = @()

$LeaseReserved.MAC = @()

#endregion


#region Define Commands

#Commad to Connect to DHCP Server

$NetCommand = "netsh dhcp server \\$DHCP_SERVER"

#Command to get all Scope details on the Server

$ShowScopes = "$NetCommand show scope"

#endregion


function Get-LeaseType( $LeaseType )

{

# Input : The Lease type in one Char

# Output : The Lease type description

# Description : This function translates a Lease type Char to it's relevant Description


Switch($LeaseType){

"N" { return "None" }

"D" { return "DHCP" }

"B" { return "BOOTP" }

"U" { return "UNSPECIFIED" }

"R" { return "RESERVATION IP" }

}

}


function Check-Empty( $Object ){

# Input : An Object with values.

# Output : A Trimmed String of the Object or '-' if it's Null.

# Description : Check the object if its null or not and return it's value.

If($Object -eq $null)

{

return "-"

}

else

{

return $Object.ToString().Trim()

}

}


function out-CSV ( $LogFile, $Append = $false) {

# Input : An Object with values, Boolean value if to append the file or not, a File path to a Log File

# Output : Export of the object values to a CSV File

# Description : This Function Exports all the Values and Headers of an object to a CSV File.

#  The Object is recieved with the Input Const (Used with Pipelineing) or the $inputObject

Foreach ($item in $input){

# Get all the Object Properties

$Properties = $item.PsObject.get_properties()

# Create Empty Strings - Start Fresh

$Headers = ""

$Values = ""

# Go over each Property and get it's Name and value

$Properties | %{ 

$Headers += $_.Name + ","

$Values += $_.Value

}

# Output the Object Values and Headers to the Log file

If($Append -and (Test-Path $LogFile)) {

$Values | Out-File -Append -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

}

else {

# Used to mark it as an Powershell Custum object - you can Import it later and use it

# "#TYPE System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject" | Out-File -FilePath $LogFile

$Headers | Out-File -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

$Values | Out-File -Append -FilePath $LogFile -Encoding Unicode

}

}

}


#region Get all Scopes in the Server 

# Run the Command in the Show Scopes var

$AllScopes = Invoke-Expression $ShowScopes

# Go over all the Results, start from index 5 and finish in last index -3

for($i=5;$i -lt $AllScopes.Length-3;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = $AllScopes[$i].Split("-")

$Scope.Address += Check-Empty $line[0]

$Scope.Mask += Check-Empty $line[1]

$Scope.State += Check-Empty $line[2]

# Line 3 and 4 represent the Name and Comment of the Scope

# If the name is empty, try taking the comment

If (Check-Empty $line[3] -eq "-") {

$Scope.Name += Check-Empty $line[4]

}

else { $Scope.Name += Check-Empty $line[3] }

}

# Get all the Active Scopes IP Address

$ScopesIP = $Scope | Where { $_.State -eq "Active" } | Select Address

# Go over all the Adresses to collect Scope Client Lease Details

Foreach($ScopeAddress in $ScopesIP.Address){

# Define some Commands to run later - these commands need to be here because we use the ScopeAddress var that changes every loop

#Command to get all Lease Details from a specific Scope - when 1 is amitted the output includes the computer name

$ShowLeases = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show clients 1"

#Command to get all Reserved IP Details from a specific Scope

$ShowReserved = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show reservedip"

#Command to get all the Scopes Options (Including the Scope Lease Duration)

$ShowScopeDuration = "$NetCommand scope "+$ScopeAddress+" show option"

# Run the Commands and save the output in the accourding var

$AllLeases = Invoke-Expression $ShowLeases 

$AllReserved = Invoke-Expression $ShowReserved 

$AllOptions = Invoke-Expression $ShowScopeDuration

# Get the Lease Duration from Each Scope

for($i=0; $i -lt $AllOptions.count;$i++) 

{ 

# Find a Scope Option ID number 51 - this Option ID Represents  the Scope Lease Duration

if($AllOptions[$i] -match "OptionId : 51")

{ 

# Get the Lease Duration from the Specified line

$tmpLease = $AllOptions[$i+4].Split("=")[1].Trim()

# The Lease Duration is recieved in Ticks / 10000000

$tmpLease = [int]$tmpLease * 10000000; # Need to Convert to Int and Multiply by 10000000 to get Ticks

# Create a TimeSpan Object

$TimeSpan = New-Object -TypeName TimeSpan -ArgumentList $tmpLease

# Calculate the $tmpLease Ticks to Days and put it in the Scope Lease Duration

$Scope.LeaseDuration += $TimeSpan.TotalDays

# After you found one Exit the For

break;

} 

}

# Get all Client Leases from Each Scope

for($i=8;$i -lt $AllLeases.Length-4;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = [regex]::split($AllLeases[$i],"\s{2,}")

# Check if you recieve all the lines that you need

$LeaseClients.IP += Check-Empty $line[0]

$LeaseClients.Mask += Check-Empty $line[1].ToString().replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.MAC += $line[2].ToString().substring($line[2].ToString().indexOf("-")+1,$line[2].toString().Length-1).Trim()

$LeaseClients.Expires += $(Check-Empty $line[3]).replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.Type += Get-LeaseType $(Check-Empty $line[4]).replace("-","").Trim()

$LeaseClients.Name += Check-Empty $line[5]

}

# Get all Client Lease Reservations from Each Scope

for($i=7;$i -lt $AllReserved.Length-5;$i++)

{

# Split the line and get the strings

$line = [regex]::split($AllReserved[$i],"\s{2,}")

$LeaseReserved.IP += Check-Empty $line[0]

$LeaseReserved.MAC += Check-Empty $line[2]

}

}

#endregion 


#region Create a Temp Scope Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpScope = New-Object psobject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Address" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "State" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$tmpScope | Add-Member noteproperty "LeaseDuration" ""

#endregion

#region Create a Temp Lease Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpLeaseClients = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Name" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Mask" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Expires" ""

$tmpLeaseClients | Add-Member noteproperty "Type" ""

#endregion

#region Create a Temp Reserved Object

# Create a New Object

$tmpLeaseReserved = New-Object psObject

# Add new members to the Object

$tmpLeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "IP" ""

$tmpLeaseReserved | Add-Member noteproperty "MAC" ""

#endregion

# Go over all the Client Lease addresses and export each detail to a temporary var and out to the log file

For($l=0; $l -lt $LeaseClients.IP.Length;$l++)

{

# Get all Scope details to a temp var

$tmpLeaseClients.IP = $LeaseClients.IP[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Name = $LeaseClients.Name[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Mask =  $LeaseClients.Mask[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.MAC = $LeaseClients.MAC[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Expires = $LeaseClients.Expires[$l] + ","

$tmpLeaseClients.Type = $LeaseClients.Type[$l]

# Export with the Out-CSV Function to the Log File

$tmpLeaseClients | out-csv $LeaseLog -append $true

}



#Continue on figuring out if the DHCP lease clients are in AD or not

#Import the Active Directory module
import-module activedirectory

#import Quest AD module
Add-PSSnapin Quest.ActiveRoles.ADManagement

#connect to AD
Connect-QADService PUTTHEFQDNOFYOURDOMAINHERE_LIKE_DOMAIN.LOCAL | Out-Null

# get input CSV
$leaselogpath = "c:\DHCP\LeaseLog.csv"
Import-csv -path $leaselogpath | 
#query AD for computer name based on csv log
foreach-object `
{ 
   $NameResult = Get-QADComputer -DnsName $_.Name
   If ($NameResult -eq $null) {$RogueSystem = $_.Name}
   $RogueSystem | Out-File C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt -Append
   $RogueSystem = $null

}
Get-Content C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt | Select-Object -Unique | Out-File C:\DHCP\RogueClientsFinal.txt
Remove-Item C:\DHCP\RogueClients.txt

#send email to netadmin
$smtpserver = "SMTP SERVER IP"
$from="[email protected]"
$to="[email protected]"
$subject="Non-AD joined DHCP clients"
$body= (Get-Content C:\DHCP\RogueClientsFinal.txt) -join '<BR>&nbsp;<BR>'
$mailer = new-object Net.Mail.SMTPclient($smtpserver)
$msg = new-object Net.Mail.MailMessage($from,$to,$subject,$body)
$msg.IsBodyHTML = $true
$mailer.send($msg)

    希望对其他人有所帮助！

    • 6

  2. 好的，我不确定我是否在这里遵守礼仪，但我发布了第二个答案，而不是编辑我以前的答案，因为它确实包含一些可能对某人有用的信息，即使被证明与本案无关。如果这让我在这个论坛上成为白痴，请随时告诉我我的错误方式。

    问题分为几个部分，这里有一些我觉得最有趣的建议。如果没有日志中的示例，这是我能做的最好的，所以这只是建议而不是解决方案。

    get-content使用参数解析日志-wait。对于我的用例，在错误日志中找到错误就足够了。

    这适用于我自己的用例，请原谅格式：

    get-content E:\temp13\log.txt -tail(1) -wait | where {$_ -match "ERROR"} |
    foreach {
        send-mailmessage `
        -port 25 `
        -smtpserver my.mail.server `
        -from [email protected] `
        -to [email protected] `
        -subject "test logmonitor" `
        -body "ERROR found: $_" `
        }

    而不是$_ -match "ERROR"您需要以某种方式分隔日志 ID 字段和计算机名称。我不确定现在如何以最好的方式进行，但由于where-object -match提供正则表达式支持，我想这可能是一个选择。您还可以首先将 $_ 变量存储在另一个新变量中，以便稍后在管道中、嵌套的 foreach 循环等中方便地获取它。

    假设您可以获取计算机名，我猜get-adcomputercmdlet 将是您查询 AD ( import-module activedirectory) 的最简单方法，并且我猜错误发送邮件？

    在你的情况下，使用import-csv当然会更加优雅，但我不知道有什么方法可以跟踪它（如果有人碰巧读到这篇文章并且知道那条小巷的诡计，请分享）。

    • 3

  3. 假设您确定事件 ID，并且在 DHCP 日志中没有其他事件记录到此 ID，但您感兴趣的事件，推送确实是一个选项。

    1) 打开服务器管理器，进入事件查看器中的 DHCP 日志。

    2) 找到您希望将您的操作附加到的代表条目。选择它并右键单击。

    3) 选择“将任务附加到此事件”。

    4）任务创建向导打开，把它从那里拿走......

    实际上有一个明确的电子邮件选项，但是如果您需要更多的逻辑，您当然可以自由地使用 start-a-program 选项来启动 powershell.exe 并将脚本附加到它。如果您需要指导，有很多关于如何让任务管理器运行 powershell 脚本的优秀 googleable howtos。

    我看到的直接替代方法是通过按预定时间间隔使用 powershell 解析事件日志来使用 pull。“Microsoft Scripting Guy”，又名 Ed Wilson，写了一些很棒的博客文章，介绍如何使用不同版本的 powershell 中可用的 cmdlet 解析事件日志，因此我建议以他的博客为起点。

    至于实际的 cmdlet，我现在没有时间拿出我的方便片段，但会在一两天后再次查看，如果没有其他人参与其中一些精心挑选的片段，或者你没有不能自己解决所有问题:-)

    • 1

  4. 虽然这不能解决您想要的解决方案，但可以实现您的目标的一个选项是利用arpwatch( link ) 在网络上看到新的（以前看不见的）主机时通知您。

    Windows 的替代品arpwatch似乎是不含咖啡因的，但我从未使用过它，所以不能说它的好坏。

    • 1

相关问题