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Kev
Asked: 2013-10-22 11:03:21 +0800 CST

在 CentOS 6.4 上读取 USB 备份驱动器的输入/输出错误

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我突然在我们的 USB 备份驱动器上看到一些对我来说没有意义的奇怪行为：

(2013-10-21 14:58:23 [root@newdc /]$ cd /mnt/backup/
(2013-10-21 14:59:03 [root@newdc backup]$ ls -la
ls: reading directory .: Input/output error
total 0
(2013-10-21 14:59:05 [root@newdc backup]$ df -h /mnt/backup
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             917G  843G   28G  97% /mnt/backup

操作系统怎么可能知道正在使用多少，但我不能ls以 root 身份使用它？或者更确切地说，这表明什么问题？

/var/log/messages说：

Oct 21 14:57:54 g5 kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal
Oct 21 14:57:54 g5 kernel: EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only

但是...只读与“引发 io 错误”不同...

卸载并尝试 fsck 后，我让现场人员查看了它，驱动器没有旋转，并且有一个缓慢闪烁的灯，我相信这意味着它处于停电模式。所以我让他们拔下并重新插入 USB 电缆，现在（在重新安装之前）它说：

fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sda1: clean, 2805106/61046784 files, 181934167/244182016 blocks

然后我安装它，现在ls可以工作并df报告：

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1             917G  680G  191G  79% /mnt/backup

什么会导致它在不被要求的情况下进入这种状态？为什么所有奇怪的行为，现在它似乎没有腐败？

smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-358.11.1.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     WDC WD10JMVW-11S5XS0
Serial Number:    WD-WX51AC2X2298
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6587c0e18
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is:    Wed Oct 23 20:08:46 2013 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART STATUS RETURN: incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (18180) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 198) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x70b5) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   188   179   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       1600
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       940
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2004
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       744
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       12
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   197   197   000    Old_age   Always       -       9379
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   115   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       32
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]


SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

有趣的是，即使在扩展测试显然自发中止之后，也没有记录任何错误：

$ sudo smartctl -l error /dev/sda
smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-358.11.1.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
centos

2 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    文件系统已损坏。它甚至可能非常腐败，因为它甚至不起作用fsck。可能是硬盘坏了什么的。

    • 检查dmesg您是否有关于此 FS 错误的更多信息。可能表明磁盘损坏的东西？
    • 您可以检查驱动器是否支持SMART，并运行一些smartctl（来自smartmontools，它在 CentOS 中）命令来确定。
    • 1

  2. 我最近在使用 8TB USB 驱动器时遇到了这个问题。我认为它可能已损坏，因为我的 Windows 计算机也无法读取它。（它被格式化为 EXT4，但被误认为是 HFS）。在我试图弄清楚的时候，刚刚添加的第二个 4TB 驱动器做了同样的事情，尽管它在另一台 linux 机器上被正确识别为 EXT4。我没有尝试用 Windows 阅读它。它们会挂载但无法读取。它有时也没有安装在正确的分区上。当我们发现两个驱动器都可以在另一台 linux 机器上读取时，我松了一口气。我尝试再次重新安装它们，并且两者都是可读的。由于它发生在两个不同的驱动器上，我认为这是我机器上的 USB 接口的间歇性问题。

    • 1

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