我们的 LAN 遇到了一个令人沮丧的问题。周期性地,对我们的 ISP 域名服务器的 DNS 查询超时,强制延迟 5 秒。即使我/etc/resolv.conf
通过直接挖掘到我们的一台 DNS 服务器来绕过,我仍然会遇到问题。这是一个例子:
mv-m-dmouratis:~ dmourati$ time dig www.google.com @209.81.9.1
; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> www.google.com @209.81.9.1
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14473
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.google.com. 174 IN A 74.125.239.148
www.google.com. 174 IN A 74.125.239.147
www.google.com. 174 IN A 74.125.239.146
www.google.com. 174 IN A 74.125.239.144
www.google.com. 174 IN A 74.125.239.145
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
google.com. 34512 IN NS ns2.google.com.
google.com. 34512 IN NS ns1.google.com.
google.com. 34512 IN NS ns3.google.com.
google.com. 34512 IN NS ns4.google.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns2.google.com. 212097 IN A 216.239.34.10
ns3.google.com. 207312 IN A 216.239.36.10
ns4.google.com. 212097 IN A 216.239.38.10
ns1.google.com. 212096 IN A 216.239.32.10
;; Query time: 8 msec
;; SERVER: 209.81.9.1#53(209.81.9.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Jul 26 14:44:25 2013
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 248
real 0m5.015s
user 0m0.004s
sys 0m0.002s
其他时候,查询会立即响应,例如在 20 毫秒左右。我做了一个数据包跟踪并发现了一些有趣的东西。DNS 服务器正在响应,但客户端忽略初始响应,然后发送第二个相同的查询,该查询立即得到响应。
请参阅数据包跟踪。请注意与查询 (62076) 相同的源端口。
问题:是什么导致第一次 DNS 查询失败?
更新
资源:
数据包跟踪:
http://www.cloudshark.org/captures/8b1c32d9d015
Dtruss(Mac 的 strace):
https://gist.github.com/dmourati/6115180
Mountain Lion 防火墙随机延迟来自 apple.stackexchange.com 的 DNS 请求:
更新 2
System Software Overview:
System Version: OS X 10.8.4 (12E55)
Kernel Version: Darwin 12.4.0
Boot Volume: Macintosh HD
Boot Mode: Normal
Computer Name: mv-m-dmouratis
User Name: Demetri Mouratis (dmourati)
Secure Virtual Memory: Enabled
Time since boot: 43 minutes
Hardware Overview:
Model Name: MacBook Pro
Model Identifier: MacBookPro10,1
Processor Name: Intel Core i7
Processor Speed: 2.7 GHz
Number of Processors: 1
Total Number of Cores: 4
L2 Cache (per Core): 256 KB
L3 Cache: 6 MB
Memory: 16 GB
Firewall Settings:
Mode: Limit incoming connections to specific services and applications
Services:
Apple Remote Desktop: Allow all connections
Screen Sharing: Allow all connections
Applications:
com.apple.java.VisualVM.launcher: Block all connections
com.getdropbox.dropbox: Allow all connections
com.jetbrains.intellij.ce: Allow all connections
com.skype.skype: Allow all connections
com.yourcompany.Bitcoin-Qt: Allow all connections
org.m0k.transmission: Allow all connections
org.python.python: Allow all connections
Firewall Logging: Yes
Stealth Mode: No
这似乎是 Lion 防火墙中的一个错误。它在您的系统上启用了吗?
在这个 MacRumors 线程(更新到 Mountain Lion (10.8) 后的 DNS 问题)中,讨论了一种可能的解决方法:
您能否检查减小 MTU 大小是否可以缓解您的问题?
我最近遇到了类似的问题,发现 Cisco ASA 防火墙未配置为支持 EDNS0,该规范允许 DNS UDP 数据包大于 512 字节。一旦我的固件管理员允许最多 4096 个字节,问题就解决了。很棒的信息在这里:
http://www.petenetlive.com/KB/Article/0000312.htm