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Evgeny
Asked: 2009-08-01 10:18:48 +0800 CST

如何在 Linux 机器上找到有关硬件的详细信息？

  • 772

-ie - 如何在命令行中获取硬件组件的完整列表（在没有窗口系统的机器上）

谢谢你。

hardware linux centos

13 个回答

  1. Best Answer

    lspci对于 pci 卡，lsusb对于 USB，lshw适用于基于 debian 的发行版，这是获取其他硬件规格的方法列表，

    • 43

  2. 如果有的话，dmidecode就派上用场了。特别是在戴尔、惠普、IBM 硬件上，他们费心将相关硬件信息编程到各种寄存器中。

    • 38

  3. lspci是列出系统硬件的一个很好的实用程序。（无论如何，PCI 总线上的任何东西。）

    cat /proc/cpuinfo- 显示 CPU 信息

    cat /proc/meminfo- 显示内存信息

    dmesg（或cat /var/log/dmesg）包含一些信息，不一定是所有信息。

    如果你有一个 RedHat/CentOS 系统，你可以sosreport用来收集很多信息，虽然我不知道它是否列出了所有的硬件信息。

    这些是开始查找所需信息的好地方。

    • 33

  4. /proc 文件系统将为您提供所需的信息...但我不知道您将如何获得它是一个简单的地方。

    'cat /proc/cpuinfo' 会告诉你你的 CPU 'cat /proc/devices' 会告诉你一些关于块设备的有限信息。'ifconfig -a' 将告诉您有关网络连接的信息

    其他人将能够告诉您更多设备。您是否正在对特定设备进行故障排除？如果是这样，您将在提出特定问题时获得更好的帮助。

    • 3

  5. inxi 将显示几乎所有内容，运行时不带短格式参数，但是选项很多，运行 inxi -h 来查看它们

    inxi是项目主页描述的“全功能信息脚本”：https ://github.com/smxi/inxi

    以下是有关如何在 Ubuntu 上安装它的信息：https ://askubuntu.com/questions/284635/inxi-installation-on-ubuntu

    • 2

  6. 下面的代码你可以使用 vi 复制

    #!/bin/bash

a=1; c=0
a=1; c=0
# Gather system information, can e.g. be sent to | mail in a cronjob
f_() { while read l; do echo $l; done < $f ; }
#
f_() { while read l; do echo $l; done < $f ; }
# TODO
# ----
# * Netstat output
# * Memory/swap information
# * ifconfig information
# * Make output dependent on argv
# * md5sum checks                               (done)
# * Keep previeous values and compare
# * How to
# * chmod a+x sysinfo.sh
# * ./sysinfo.sh
####################### DO NOT EDIT UNDER THIS LINE ###########################

siheader() {
        echo "================================================================"
        echo -e "* System statistics for: \t`hostname`.`dnsdomainname`"
        echo -e "* Generated on: \t\t`date`"
        echo -e "* Running as: \t\t\t`whoami`"
        echo
}

fuptime() {
        upSeconds=$(cat /proc/uptime | tr "." " " | awk '{print $1}')
        secs=$((${upSeconds}%60))
        mins=$((${upSeconds}/60%60))
        hours=$((${upSeconds}/3600/24))
        days=$((${upSeconds}/86400))
        if [ "${days}" -ne "0" ]
        then
                echo -n "${days} days, "
        fi
        echo "`printf '%02d' ${hours}`:`printf '%02d' ${mins}`:`printf '%02d' ${secs}`"
}

siuptime() {
        echo "=================== Uptime ====================================="
        echo -e "* Uptime: \t\t\t`fuptime`"
        if [ -x /usr/bin/uprecords ];
        then
                echo -e "* High score: \t\t\t`uprecords | tail -n1 | cut -d'|' -f1 | cut -d'n' -f3 | sed 's/^[[:blank:]]*//'`"
        fi
        echo -e "* Load average: \t\t`cat /proc/loadavg | head -c14`"
        echo
}

fw () {
        OFS=${IFS}
        IFS=$'\n'
        CNT=$(echo `w | wc -l`-1 | bc)

        w | tail -n ${CNT} | while read -r a;
        do
                echo -e "\t${a}"
        done

        IFS=${OFS}
}

siusers() {
        echo "=================== Users ======================================"
        echo -e "* Active users: \t\t`who | wc -l`"
        echo "* User information"
        fw
        echo
}

fpstree() {
        OFS=${IFS}
        IFS=$'\n'
        pstree | while read -r a;
        do
                echo -e "\t${a}"
        done
        IFS=${OFS}
}

fcomms() {
        ps -eo comm | sort | uniq | grep -v ^COMMAND | column
        echo

        IFS=${OFS}
}

fprocs() {
        echo `TERM=Linux top -n1 -b | grep "Tasks" | awk '{print $4,$6,$8,$10}'`
        echo -e "==================================Tasks process and memory utilization=============================\n"
    echo "`top -n1 -b`"
}


sitasks() {
        echo "=================== Tasks ======================================"
        echo -e "* Number of running tasks: \t$(echo `ps ax | wc -l` - 1 | bc)"
        #This screws up the email
        #echo "* PS Tree:"
        #fpstree
        echo "* Running programs:"
        fcomms
        echo -e "* CPU load: \t\t\t`TERM=linux top -n2 -b | grep 'Cpu' | tail -n1 | awk '{print $2+$4+$6}'`%"
        PROCS=`fprocs`
        echo "* Process state:"
        echo -e "\tRunning: \t\t`echo ${PROCS} | awk '{print $1}'`"
        echo -e "\tSleeping: \t\t`echo ${PROCS} | awk '{print $2}'`"
        echo -e "\tZombie: \t\t`echo ${PROCS} | awk '{print $3}'`"
        echo -e "\tStopped: \t\t`echo ${PROCS} | awk '{print $4}'`"
        echo
}

froute() {
        OFS=${IFS}
        IFS=$'\n'

        CNT=$(echo `/sbin/route | wc -l` - 1 | bc)
        /sbin/route | tail -n ${CNT} | while read -r a;
        do
                echo -e "\t${a}"
        done

        IFS=${OFS}
}

sinetwork() {
        echo "=================== Networking ================================"
        echo "* Routing table:"
        froute
        echo
}

simemory() {
        echo "=================== Memory ===================================="
        RAMTOTAL=`echo $(($(cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal | awk '{print $2}')/1024))`
        echo "* Ram:\t\t\t free of ${RAMTOTAL}Mb"
}

sidiskstats() {
        echo "=================== Hard Disc ================================="
        echo "* Disk Information:"
        OFS=${IFS}
        IFS=$'\n'
        df -h | grep -v ^none | while read -r a;
        do
                echo -e "\t${a}"
        done
        IFS=${OFS}
        echo
        echo "* Mounts:"
        OFS=${IFS}
        IFS=$'\n'
        mount | while read -r a;
        do
                echo -e "\t${a}"
        done
        IFS=${OFS}
        echo
}

simd5() {
        if [ ! -e md5sums.lst ];
        then
                return
        fi

        echo "=================== MD5Sum Check =============================="

        OFS=${IFS}
        IFS=$'\n'

        echo "* Checking MD5 Sums"

        cat md5sums.lst | grep "^/" | while read -r a;
        do
                F=`echo ${a} | cut -d':' -f1`
                S=`echo ${a} | cut -d':' -f2`
                S2=`md5sum ${F} | cut -d' ' -f1`
                echo -n -e "\t${F}: \t\t\t\t"
                if [ "${S}" = "${S2}" ];
                then
                        echo "[OK]"
                else
                        echo "[INVALID]"
                fi                        
        done

        IFS=${OFS}
        echo
}


##For finding CPU model, cores and 
cpuinfo() {
    echo "=================== CPU Details for Xen =============================="
    echo -e "CPU Details: \n`cat /proc/cpuinfo | sed -n '1,/^$/p'`"
    echo -e "No of Cores: \n`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l`"
    if [ "egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo >/dev/null 2>/dev/null" ];
    then
        echo -e "\n===============================================================\nServer supports Full-virtualization"
    else
        echo -e "\n===============================================================\nEither server does not support Full-virtualization or it is turned off in BIOS"
    fi

    if [ "egrep 'pae' /proc/cpuinfo >/dev/null 2>/dev/null" ];
    then
        echo -e "\n===============================================================\nServer supports Para-virtualization"
    else
        echo -e "\n===============================================================\nServer does not support Para-virtualization"
    fi
}

##For disk info
diskinfo() {
        echo "=================== Disk usage =============================="
        echo -e "Disk Usage details: \n`df -h`"
}   
##Distro info
distroinfo() {
        echo "=================== Distro Info =============================="
        echo -e "Distro details: \n`lsb_release -a`"
        echo -e "Kernel details: \n`uname -a`"
}   

##Distro info
deviceinfo() {
        echo "=================== Device Info =============================="
        echo -e "Device details: \n`lspci -v`"
        echo -e "Kernel details: \n`uname -a`"
}   
summary() {
        siheader
        siuptime
        siusers
        sitasks
        sinetwork

        simemory
        sidiskstats
    fprocs
        simd5
    deviceinfo
    cpuinfo
    distroinfo
        echo "==============================================================="
        echo "* Brought to you by Taashee- http://www.taashee.com"
}

summary
    • 1

  7. 对于硬盘，我使用一个自定义脚本，它将以下输出按摩到一个列表中：

    cat /proc/partitions
cat /proc/mounts

parted -m /dev/sdX unit MB print # need to be root for parted
# or
parted -m -l unit MB print

blkid /dev/sdXN
    • 1

  8. 总而言之，我想说这是获取有关您的系统信息的良好开端：

    1. dmesg - 打印或控制内核环形缓冲区
    2. lspci - 列出所有 PCI 设备
    3. lsusb - 列出 USB 设备
    4. /proc - 进程信息伪文件系统
    • 1

  9. 我建议检查facter，它以易于在脚本中使用的形式输出大量信息。

    http://www.puppetlabs.com/puppet/related-projects/facter/

    • 1

  10. 我真的很喜欢使用“ Facter ”。提供了非常有用的信息的一个很好的列表。

    • 1

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